英语听力教程第三版张民伦主编Unit 6 Find the Right Words听力原文.docx

英语听力教程第三版张民伦主编Unit 6 Find the Right Words听力原文.docx

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英语听力教程第三版张民伦主编Unit6FindtheRightWords听力原文

Listenthisway听力教程第三册-6

Unit6FindtheRightWords

PartIGettingready

Audioscript:

TheEnglishlanguagecanbetracedbacktoprehistoricIndo-EuropeanthroughtheWestGermanicline.However,manyotherinfluenceshaveshapedthedevelopmentofModernEnglish.WewillreviewsomeimportantdatesinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ThefirstthreeareLatininfluences:

1.In5,5B.C.CaesarconqueredBritainandtheCelticpeople.

2.In43.B.C.Romecolonizedtheisland.

3.TheRomansremainedfor400years（thefirstfourcenturiesoftheChristianEra）.

Thenextsignificantdateswere:

4.Theyear499（whichwastheyearoftheAnglo-Saxonconquestoftheisland）.

5.From500on,theWestGermaniclanguagewasthebasiclanguageofBritain（orEngland）.

Influencesfromotherlanguagescontinuedhowever.

6.InthesixthandseventhcenturiesEnglandwasChristianizedbymissionariessentbythePope（sothatLatininfluencecontinued）.

Then,

7.Intheeig11thandninthcenturiestheNorsemen（Vikings）,invadedEnglandwiththeirOldNorselanguage.

8.In1066.theNormanConquestbroughtFrenchlinguisticinfluence.

9.TheFrenchinfluencecontinuedfor300years（theninthcenturythroughthe11thcentury）.

10.Andfinally,inthefifteenandsixteenhundreds,whenclassicallearningwasrevived,therewascontinuedLatinlanguageinfluence.

Audioscript:

1.Peoplearedelightedifyoucanspeaktheirlanguage,andtheydon'tcarehowwellyouspeakit.Theyarenotupsetwhenyoumakemistakes.Ithinkinordertolearn,youmustn'tbeafraidofmakingmistakes.

2.I'maveryshypersonandit'snoteasyformetotalktostrangers.Butyouhavetoforceyourselftotalktopeople.That'swhatIdidanditreallyhelpedme.

3.Ithinkthebestlanguagelearnersarepeoplewithasenseofhumor.Trytolaughatyourownmistakesanddon'ttakeyourselftooseriously.You'llfindthatotherpeoplewillbesympatheticwhenyoumakemistakes.

4.Itooktwocoursesinbusinessstudies.Iread,studied,listenedtolecturesandtooknotesinEnglish.ItwasaverygoodexperienceformebecauseIdidn'thavetimetothinkaboutthelanguage.Irecommendforgettingaboutthegrammarandthinkingaboutthemeaninginstead.

5.Inmyexperience,learningaforeignlanguagealwaysinvolvesalotoftime,alotofboringworkandlotsofproblems!

Inshort,ifyouwanttolearnanotherlanguageyouhavetoworkhard.

6.Trytoreadasmuchasyoucan.Ithinkthat'sthebestwaytoimproveyourEnglishandtolearnmorenewwords.IalwaystrytoreadsomethinginEnglisheveryday.

PartIISkillstocommunicatebadnews

Audioscript:

AviArditti：

I'mAviArdittiwithRosanneSkirble,andthisweekonWordmaster:

givingdoctorsbetterskillstocommunicatebadnews.

RosanneSkirble：

AnthonyBackisamedicaloncologistattheUniversityofWashingtonandtheFredHutchinsonCancerResearchCenterinSeattle.Heandfourcolleaguesareinthefifthyearleadingaprogramfundedwithoneandone-halfmilliondollarsfromtheNationalCancerInstitute.

AviArditti：

DoctorBacksaysspeciallytrainedactorsplaycancerpatientstohelponcologistslearnhowtoavoidsoundinginsensitivewhentheprognosisisgrim.

AnthonyBack：

ProbablythebiggestmisconceptionIfaceisthatyou'reeitherbornwiththisoryou'renot.Infact,whattheresearchshowsisthatpeoplelearntodothisovertime.Andthewaytheylearntodoitistheyseegoodrolemodels,theypractice,theygetspecificfeedbackonwhatthey'redoing,theytry-outnewthings,theyinnovateanddevelopnewconversationalpracticesforthemselves.

AviArditti：

Canyougiveussomeexamplesofthoseconversationalpractices--whataresomewaystoimpartbadnews?

AnthonyBack：

Here'sanexample:

Thepatienthashadcancerinthepast,hasbeendoingwellandiscominginforsomeroutinefollow-uptests.Theroutinefollow-uptestsunexpectedlyshowthecancerhasstartedtocomeback.

Thedoctorwilltypicallygoinandsaytothepatient,"Guesswhat,yourcancer'sback."Andthepatientwillbejustblownaway,right?

Thereareacoupleofpracticestherethatdoctorscandothatcanhelp.Oneistostartwith--especiallyifyoudon'tknowthepatient--askingwhatthepatientexpected,whatdidtheyunderstandabouttheircancer,whatweretheyexpectingwiththistest.Becauseifthepatientsaystoyou"Youknow,theydidn'ttellmeanything.I'mjustherebecauseIgotthisappointmentinthemail,"that'sonewholekindofcomprehensionlevel.Whereasifthepatientsays"IhadaTlNlMOlungcancerandtheytoldmeIhadafifty-fivepercentchanceofdiseaserecurrenceinthenexttwoyears,"that'sawholedifferentstory,right?

Thesecondthingisthatafteryougivethisdifficultnews,thenIthinkit'sreallyimportanttoaddressboththecognitivereactionandalsothekindoftheemotionalsideofit.

RosanneSkirble：

Whataresomeofthephrasesorthewaysinwhichyoucancouchthisnews?

AnthonyBack：

Youknow,thewaytomakeiteasieristomakesurethatyouaregoingfromthecontextthepatientdrewforyou.Soyougofromwhatthepatientunderstandsandyoutrytousetheirwordsasmuchaspossible.Andthen,whenyougettothereallybadpartofthenews,Ithinkit'sactuallyimportanttobedirectandconcreteandnottocouchthenews.It'sbettertosay"Thecancerhascomeback"thantosay"Therearehypo-densitiesinyourliverontheCT"（or）"Youhaveamalignancy."Allthoseeuphemismsforcepatientstostruggletounderstandwhat'shappeningtothem,anditaddstotheirconfusionanddistress.

RosanneSkirble:

：

Well,shouldtheysaythingslike"Iwishthingsweredifferent"or"Ihopeforthebest,"orshouldadoctorkindofmaintainadistance?

AnthonyBack：

Youknow,mythoughtaboutthatactuallyisthatthemoreskilledthephysician,thelesstheyhavetodistancethemselves.Therearesomephrasesthatweuse,andthemostimportantonesarereallytheonesthatareaboutempathyforthepatient.Youknow,"Iseethisisadifficultsituation,Iseethisisnotwhatyouexpected,I'mhopingforthebest."AndIthinkit'sfinefordoctorstotalkabouthope,andIthinkit'simportantactually.

AviArditti：

Letmeaskyou,haveyouseenanyculturaldifferencescomeupinthetrainingprogramsasyou'vehaddoctorsgothrough?

AnthonyBack：

Youknow,wehaveactuallyaverymulticulturalgroupofphysicianswhocome,andtheyallbringinalltheirowndifferentvaluesabouthowfrankshouldpeoplebe.BecausetheAmericanstandard,ofcourse,isthatpatientsthemselvesgetalltheinformation,theymakethedecisionthemselves,andthere'sthisverystrongemphasisonautonomy.Andinalotofotherculturesthat'sreallynotthecase.

RosanneSkirble：

Andwhatgotyoustartedinthefirstplace?

AnthonyBack：

Whatgotmestartedwas,whenIwasanoncologytrainee,andthiswasafterapersonalexperience--mymotherhaddiedofapre-leukemiakindofthing--Irememberwalkingaroundinthebone-marrowtransplantwardswiththisexperienced--itwasthisother,olderseniorphysician--goingaroundhavingtheselife-and-deathconversationswithpatientsandthinking,God,therehasgottobeabetterwaytodothis.

AviArditti：

Theresult,saysDoctorAnthonyBackinSeattle,isaprogramthathasnowtrainedaboutonehundred-eightyoncologistsatretreatsheldtwiceayear.TheprogramWebsiteisoncotalk.info--that'so-n-c-o-t-a-l-kdoti-n-f-o.

PartIIIForeignaccents

Audioscript:

SectionI

AsfarasI'mconcerned,IdotendtojudgepeopleImeetbytheiraccents.Idon'tmeanthatI'masortofsnob,andonlylikepeoplewithposhaccents,butIneverfeelcomfortablewithanewpersonuntilI'vebeenabletoplacethemfromthewaytheyspeak.Ifit'sanEnglishperson,IfeelmuchmoreateaseifIcansay"Ah,hecomesformLiverpool",or"He'sprobablybeentopublicschool".IsupposethenIknowwhattotalkaboutandwhattoexpectfromtheotherperson.

Thesameistrueofforeigners.Personally,Ipreferaforeignertospeakwitharecognizableforeignaccent,sothatIknowthatI'mtalkingtoaFrenchman,aGhanaian,aPole,andsoon.Soforme,itseemsabitpointlessforforeignerstotrydesperatelyhardtogetridoftheirnationalaccentandtrytospeakBBCEnglish.IfsomeoneisclearlyFrench,Iknowthere'snopointintalkingaboutcricketormakingjokesabouttheIrish.Andfrankly,Ithinkitevensoundsmoreattractive.Ican'treallyexplainwhy,butifapersonhasaforeignaccent,theyseemtobemoreinteresting,eveniftheyaresayingthemostordinarythings.

Audioscript:

SectionII

Mindyou,thereisalimittointelligibility.Iftheaccentissostrongthatyouhaveastruggletounderstandwhattheyaresaying,thenthatgetsinthewayoftheconversation,andtheflowisbrokenwhileyoutrytosortoutthesoundsintomeaningfulbits.Idon'tmeananaccentasstrongasthat.I'mtalkingaboutthekindofaccentwhereyoucantellimmediatelywhichcountrythepersoncomesfrom,butwherethey'vegotenoughEnglishtocarryonagoodconversationwithoutsearchingforwords,ormessingupthegrammarsothatyoulosethethread.Isupposeit'sthekindofaccentmostforeignershave,really.Tobehonest,it'sonlyaveryfewwhohavesuchagoodearthattheyproducemoreorlessgenuineBritishEnglish,andeventhenitcanbequiteamusingbecausetheymayhavepickedupaclearlyregionalaccent,orevenaveryupper-classaccentwhichdoesn'tfitinwiththeircharacteratall.ButmostforeignerswholearnEnglisharedesperatelykeentogetridoftheirforeignaccentsandwastealotoftimetry