最新大学英语四级考试模拟试题及答案详解.docx

最新大学英语四级考试模拟试题及答案详解.docx

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最新大学英语四级考试模拟试题及答案详解

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大学英语四级考试模拟试题及答案详解

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicChoosinganOccupation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。

2.需要花时间去选择职业。

3.选择职业时可以向多人寻求建议和帮助。

ChoosinganOccupation

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestiononAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-7,mark

Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

WillWeRunOutofWater?

Picturea"ghostship"sinkingintothesand,lefttorotondrylandbyarecedingsea.Thenimagineduststormssweepinguptoxicpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersfromthedryseabedandspewingthemacrosstownsandvillages.

Seemlikeascenefromamovieabouttheendoftheworld?

ForpeoplelivingneartheAralSeainCentralAsia,it'salltooreal.Thirtyyearsago,governmentplannersdivertedtheriversthatflowintotheseainordertoirrigate（providewaterfor）farmland.Asaresult,theseahasshrunktohalfitsoriginalsize,strandingshipsondryland.Theseawaterhastripledinsaltcontentandbecomepolluted,killingall24nativespeciesoffish.

Similarlargescaleeffortstoredirectwaterinotherpartsoftheworldhavealsoendedinecologicalcrisis,accordingtonumerousenvironmentalgroups.Butmanycountriescontinuetobuildmassivedamsandirrigationsystems,eventhoughsuchprojectscancreatemoreproblemsthantheyfix.Why?

Peopleinmanypartsoftheworldaredesperateforwater,andmorepeoplewillneedmorewaterinthenextcentury.

"Growingpopulationswillworsenproblemswithwater,"saysPeterH.Gleick,anenvironmentalscientistatthePacificInstituteforstudiesinDevelopment,Environment,andSecurity,aresearchorganizationinCalifornia.Hefearsthatbytheyear2025,asmanyasonethirdoftheworld'sprojected8.3billionpeoplewillsufferfromwatershortages.

WhereWaterGoes

Only2.5percentofallwateronEarthisfreshwater,watersuitablefordrinkingandgrowingfood,saysSandraPostel,directoroftheGlobalWaterPolicyProjectinAmherst,Mass.Twothirdsofthisfreshwaterislockedinglaciersandicecaps.Infact,onlyatinypercentageoffreshwaterispartofthewatercycle,inwhichwaterevaporatesandrisesintotheatmosphere,thencondensesandfallsbacktoEarthasprecipitation（rainorsnow）.

Someprecipitationrunsofflandtolakesandoceans,andsomebecomesgroundwater,waterthatseepsintotheearth.MuchofthisrenewablefreshwaterendsupinremoteplacesliketheAmazonriverbasininBrazil,wherefewpeoplelive.Infact,theworld'spopulationhasaccesstoonly12,500cubickilometersoffreshwater-abouttheamountofwaterinLakeSuperior.Andpeopleusehalfofthisamountalready."Ifwaterdemandcontinuestoclimbrapidly,"saysPostel,"therewillbesevereshortagesanddamagetotheaquaticenvironment."

ClosetoHome

WaterwoesmayseemremotetopeoplelivinginrichcountriesliketheUnitedStates.ButAmericanscouldfaceseriouswatershortages,tooespeciallyinareasthatrelyongroundwater.Groundwateraccumulatesinaquifers,layersofsandandgravelthatliebetweensoilandbedrock.（Foreveryliterofsurfacewater,morethan90litersarehiddenunderground）.AlthoughtheUnitedStateshaslargeaquifers,farmers,ranchers,andcitiesaretappingmanyofthemforwaterfasterthannaturecanreplenishit.InnorthwestTexas,forexample,overpumpinghasshrunkgroundwatersuppliesby25percent,accordingtoPostel.

Americansmayfaceevenmoreurgentproblemsfrompollution.DrinkingwaterintheUnitedStatesisgenerallysafeandmeetshighstandards.Nevertheless,oneinfiveAmericanseverydayunknowinglydrinkstapwatercontaminatedwithbacteriaandchemicalwastes,accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.InMilwaukee,400,000peoplefellillin1993afterdrinkingtapwatertaintedwithcryptosporidium,amicrobethatcausesfever,diarrheaandvomiting.

TheSource

Wheresocontaminantscomefrom?

Indevelopingcountries,peopledumprawsewageintothesamestreamsandriversfromwhichtheydrawwaterfordrinkingandcooking;about250millionpeopleayeargetsickfromwaterbornediseases.

Indevelopedcountries,manufacturersuse100,000chemicalcompoundstomakeawiderangeofproducts.Toxicchemicalspollutewaterwhenreleaseduntreatedintoriversandlakes.（Certaincompounds,suchaspolychlorinatedbiphenyls,orPCBs,havebeenbannedintheUnitedStates.）

Butalmosteveryonecontributestowaterpollution.Peopleoftenpourhouseholdcleaners,carantifreeze,andpaintthinnersdownthedrain;Allofthesecontainhazardouschemicals.ScientistsstudyingwaterintheSanFranciscoBayreportedin1996that70percentofthepollutantscouldbetracedtohouseholdwaste.

Farmershavebeencriticizedforoverusingherbicidesandpesticides,chemicalsthatkillweedsandinsectsbutinsectsbutthatpolluteswateraswell.Farmersalsousenitrates,nitrogenrichfertilizerthathelpsplantsgrowbutthatcanwreakhavocontheenvironment.Nitratesaresweptawaybysurfacerunofftolakesandseas.Toomanynitrates"overenrich"thesebodiesofwater,encouragingthebuildupofalgae,ormicroscopicplantsthatliveonthesurfaceofthewater.Algaedeprivethewaterofoxygenthatfishneedtosurvive,attimeschokingofflifeinanentirebodyofwater.

What'stheSolution?

WaterexpertGleickadvocatesconservationandlocalsolutionstowaterrelatedproblems;governments,forinstance,wouldbebetteroffbuildingsmallscaledamsratherthanhugeanddisruptiveprojectsliketheonethatruinedtheAralSea.

"Morethan1billionpeopleworldwidedon'thaveaccesstobasiccleandrinkingwater,"saysGleick."Therehastobeastrongpushonthepartofeveryonegovernmentsandordinarypeople-tomakesurewehavearesourcesofundamentaltolife."

1.ThatthehugewaterprojectshavedivertedtheriverscausestheAralSeatoshrink.

2.Theconstructionofmassivedamsandirrigationprojectsdoesmoregoodthanharm.

3.Thechiefcausesofwatershortagearepopulationgrowthandwaterpollution.

4.TheproblemsAmericansfaceconcerningwateraregroundwatershrinkageandtapwaterpollution.

5.Accordingtothepassageallwaterpollutantscomefromhouseholdwaste.

6.ThepeoplelivingintheUnitedStateswillnotbefacedwithwatershortages.

7.WaterexpertGleickhascomeupwiththebestsolutiontowaterrelatedproblems.

1.［Y］［N］［NG］2.［Y］［N］［NG］3.［Y］［N］［NG］4.［Y］［N］［NG］

5.［Y］［N］［NG］6.［Y］［N］［NG］7.［Y］［N］［NG］

8.AccordingtoPeterH.Gleick,bytheyear2025,asmanyasoftheworld'speoplewillsufferfromwatershortages.

9.TwothirdsofthefreshwateronEarthislockedin.

10.Indevelopedcountries,beforetoxicchemicalsarereleasedintoriversandlakes,theyshouldbetreatedinordertoavoid.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

11.［A］Waitforthesaletostart.［B］Getfurtherinformationaboutthesale.

［C］CalltheTVstationtobesureiftheadistrue.［D］Buyanewsuit.

12.［A］Hedoesn'tthinkthatJohnisill.

［B］HethinksthatperhapsJohnisnotinverygoodhealth.

［C］HeisawarethatJohnisill.

［D］Hedoesn'tthinkthatJohnhasaverygoodknowledgeofphysics.

13.［A］Beforesix.［B］Atsix.［C］Aftersix.［D］Afterseven.

14.［A］Itisbigger.［B］Itisofaprettiercolor.

［C］Ithasalargeryard.［D］Itisbrighter.

15.［A］AustralianandAmerican.［B］Guestandhost.

［C］Husbandandwife.［D］Professorandstudent.

16.［A］1∶30［B］11∶00［C］9∶30［D］10∶00

17.［A］Heprefersstayingathomebecausethebusistoolate.

［B］Heprefersstayingathomebecausehedoesn'tliketotravel.

［C］Hepreferstakingabusbecausetheplanemakeshimnervous.

［D］Hepreferstravelingwiththewoman.

18.［A］Hethinkssheshouldvisithercousin.

［B］Hercousindoesn'tvisitveryoften.

［C］Hercousinisfeelingalotbettertoday.

［D］Hedoesn'tthinkhercousinhasbeenathometoday.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.［A］Twodifferenttypesofbonesinthehumanbody.

［B］Howboneshelpthebodymove.

［C］Howbonescontinuouslyrepairthemselves.

［D］Thechemicalcompositionofhumanbones.

20.［A］Theydefendtheboneagainstviruses.

［B］Theypreventoxygenfromenteringthebone.

［C］Theybreakdownbonetissue.

［D］Theyconnectthebonetomuscletissue.

21.［A］Theyhavedifficultyidentifyingthesecells.

［B］Theyaren'tsurehowthesecellswork.

［C］They'velearnedhowtoreproducethesecells.

［D］They'vefoundsimilarcellsinotherspecies.

22.［A］Tolearnhowtopreventabonedisease.

［B］Tounderstanddifferencesbetweenbonetissueandothertissue.

［C］Tofindouthowspecializedbonecellshaveevolved.

［D］Tocreateartificialbonetissue

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23