届高考英语七选五题型解题指导集锦.docx
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届高考英语七选五题型解题指导集锦
2018届高考英语新课标卷七选五题型解题指导
Step1七选五解题考查要求及新变化：
考纲解读：
主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
选项特点：
主旨概括句过渡性句子细节注释性句子
关注变化：
最主要就是体现在七选五选择的体裁上，以前的真题以议论文说明文居多，或者说逻辑关系更容易把握，2017年全国I卷真题是记叙文中对文章机构和逻辑关系等的断定。
其他细节变化：
2015年全国I卷有文章标题和项目符合（黑点或者星号等符号提醒），2016年全国I卷五标题无项目符合。
说明减少一些能够提醒学生的因素，实际上是增加了考查的力度和要求。
当然2017年真题II卷无条目；III卷有项目符号说明考查的要求是不一样的。
Step2策略方法与避免的误区
文章整体内容-------主旨概括句解题策略：
•分析选项关键词是否与原文、段落主旨吻合
•避免的误区：
主旨概括句排除项特点：
过于宽泛、以偏概全、或偏离主题。
例如下面的文章：
___?
_题目1___
Ifyou’rereadingthisyou’reprobablyreallyboredand,atthemoment,havenoonetobewith.Whetheryoulongforaboyfriendoragirlfriend,ormissyourfamilyandfriends,thisguidecanhelpyoucopewithlivingalone.
1.___?
_题目2___Livealifeofoptimism.Happinesscomesfromwithin,regardlessofyoursituation,sodon’tuseanyexcuses,suchasbeingalone.
2.Doeverythingyounormallydidwithapartnerorafriend....
3.Learningsomethingnew.…
4.Getapet.…
5.Read.…
6.Exercise.…
从下面选择最合适的选项填写到题目1和题目2横线中
A.BeingAloneWithoutBeingLonelyB.Happinessistheonlychoice.
C.TiredofBeingAloneD.Behappy.
过渡性句子可以位于段首或段尾。
实现过渡往往有三种途径：
一是对核心词汇的重复；二是使用指示代词如this,that,these,those,such,another等；三是使用过渡词汇如next,inadditionto,however等。
过渡句起到承上启下的作用，主要用来显示上下文的逻辑关系，使行文流畅，前后衔接自然；
过渡性句子常用的逻辑关系：
A.并列关系：
First（ly），Second（ly），...；First,then/next，...；Inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace...；foronething,foranotherthing，...；then/next,finally/last等。
B.递进关系：
too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,what'smore,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...but...,notonly...butalso等。
C.解释例证关系：
forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等。
D.因果关系：
so/therefore,thus,consequently（结果）,asaresult（of）,so/such...that...，sothat...等。
E.转折对比关系：
but,however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless（然而）,still,yet,onthecontrary,incontrast/comparison等。
F.概括归纳关系：
inshort,inbrief,insummary,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,toconclude,inconclusion,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup等。
避免的误区：
过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文逻辑。
Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook. Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords. Forexample,“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“Bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.” 题目3 However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.
A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.
B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.
C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.
D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.
E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.
G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.
（2015•全国卷Ⅰ）•Youdidn'tlose“everything”.Oncetrustislost,whatisleft?
Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.__题目4__Instead,it'sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.
A．Learntoreallytrustyourself.
B．Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.
C．Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.
D．Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.
E．They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.
F．Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.
G．Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn'tmeanyou'reignoringwhathappened.
注释性句子往往是通过自身的逻辑意义链接一个完整的段落，较主题句来讲，注释性句子更具体，往往是事实，分析，举例和引用等的一部分。
避免的误区：
注释性句子与上下文意义不衔接。
以（2016全国Ⅰ）为例说明一下注释性句子：
Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography. 2 （原题中E.选项）Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”
3（原题中G选项）Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet. Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,forexample.Let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“135520135.” Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.
简单分析：
cryptography密码学，密码术。
三种类型的密码学。
请找出文章中三种类型的密码学的原文_________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高考真题中出现过的注释性句子举例：
2016（全国卷I）Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography,___题目5___Forexample,thefirstlettersof"myelephanteatstoomanyeels"spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme”.
E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordandspellitout.
答案解析：
依据接下来举例可知，这里讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息，E选项符合语境。
因此答案是E。
2016（全国卷III）
TherearemanyCommonmethodsusedtocookfish.___题目6___.
B.Theeasiestistosteamit.
答案解析：
根据空前内容可知，介绍一种做鱼的方法，B选项是“最简单的方法是蒸”，符合语境。
因此答案是B。
2016年北京卷
Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.____题目7_____.
E.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.
答案解析：
空前一句出现了teenageryears与E选项中的this相对，另外选项中提到的moveawayfromyourfamilyintothebiggerworld也是对空格前一句teenageryears的解释，所以选择E项。
Step4事半功倍的小方法举例：
（1）复现法（原词、同源词、同义词、近义词、反义词，代词等复现）
词汇的指代（it,they,this,these,theall等）
●Trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperience.题目8Trustisarisk.Butyoucan’tbesuccessfulwhenthereisalackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.
ALearntoreallytrustyourself
BItisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.
Trytakingthesefourstepsthenexttimeyouarestressed:
（1）Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Talktotrustedadult,suchasparentorotherrelatives.__题目9__Theymighthavehadsimilarproblems,suchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.
选择选项
D.Ah,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone.
E.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.
F.Anddon'tforgetaboutyourfriends.
（2）形式一致结构相似的小技巧对祈使句句型的把握来增加选择的准确性
首先看高考真题：
TipsforCookingonaTightSchedule
Frommyexperience,therearethreemainreasonsforwhypeopledon’tcookmoreoften:
ability,moneyandtime.36MoneyisatopicI’llsaveforanotherday.SotodayIwanttogivesomesomewisdomabouthowtomakethemostofthetimeyouspendinthekitchen.Herearethreetipsforgreatcookingonatightschedule:
1.Thinkahead.ThemomentswhenIthinkcookingisapainarewhenI’malreadyhungryandthere’snothingreadytoeat.Sothinkaheadofthecomingweek.Whenwillyouhavetimetocook?
Doyouhavetherightmaterialsalready?
37
2.Makeyourtimeworthit.Whenyoudofirsttimetocookameal,makethemostofitandsaveyourselftimelateron.Areyoumakingoneloafofbread?
38Ittakesaroundthesameamountoftimetomakemoreofsomething.Sosaveyourselftheeffortforafuturemeal.
3.39 Thismaysurpriseyou,butoneofthebesttoolsformakingcookingworthyourtimeisexperimentation.Itgivesyouthechancetohituponnewideasandrecipesthatcanworkwellwithyourappetiteandschedule.Themoreyoulearnandthemoreyoutry,themoreabilityyouhavetotakecontrolofyourfoodandyourschedule.
Hopefullythatgivesagoodstart.40Anddon’tletabusyschedulediscourageyoufrommakingsomegreatchangesinthewayyoueatandlive!
A.Trynewthings.
B.Abilityiseasilyimproved.
C.Makethreeorfourinstead.
D.Understandyourfoodbetter.
E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.
F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.
G.Alittletimeplaningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.
其中39题是可以参考形式一致做题的
类似范例：
Forcollegestudents,graduationsignalsanexcitingnewbeginning.16Manystudentswonder:
WhatdoIdonow?
Whatcareerisbestforme?
Mostexpertadviceonchoosingcareersboilsdowntothefollowingpoints.
KnowingYourself
Whatareyourinterests?
Abilities?
Skills?
17Theresultsmaysurpriseyou!
Thesecanbeuseful,butthey’renotthelastword.
Investigating
Investigatingoccupationsismuchmoredifficult.Formostpeople,thereisn’tjustone‘right’job,butseveralthatcouldbesatisfying.18Talktopeoplewhohaveoccupationsthatinterestyou.Findoutwhattheylikeanddislikeabouttheirjob.
19
Manypeoplechoosetheircareersbecausetheybelievestronglyinaparticularcause.Somemightchoosetoworkinareaslikemedicine,charityorenvironmentalprotection.Somehaveastronginterestinhistoryoraloveforthearts.20___Soincaseslikethese,thefieldisoftenchosenfirst,ratherthantheoccupationitself.Soifyou’vechosenafield,self-assessmentwillhelpyoufindyourplaceinit.Investsometimeandeffort,andfindtherightcareerforyou.
A.Tryaself-assessmentquiz.
B.SearchthroughbooksandWebsites.
C.Findingyourplace.
D.Butitcanalsobringalotofuncertaintyandconfusion.
E.Seriousresearchhelpsnarrowthepossibilities
F.Researchyourchosenfieldcarefully.Whatworkneedstobedone?
Whattrainingisneeded?
G.Thentheymightthinkabouteducation,museumsorartproduction.
19题形式上类似。
Agardenthat’sjustrightforyou
Haveyouevervisitedagardenthatseemedjustrightforyou,wheretheatmosphereofthegardenappearedtototalmorethanthesum（总和）ofitsparts?
16.Butitdoesn’thappen
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