影像学 中英文名词解释.docx

影像学 中英文名词解释.docx

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影像学中英文名词解释

医学影像学名词解释

Accessorylobe:

additionalpleuraextendingintothepulmonarysegments,formingadditionalpulmonarylobe.Themostcommonlyseenareazygoslobeintheinnerzonesuperiortotherighthilum,andinferioraccessorylobeintheinnerzoneofinferiorlobe.

Airbronchogramsign:

Becausetheairinthealveoliisreplacedbyexudates,whiletheairinthebronchusisnotdisplacedandremainpatent.Thisproducescontrastbetweentheairinthebronchialtreeandthesurroundingairlessparenchyma.

Ankylosisofjoint:

bonyorfibroustissuesconnectthearticularsurface.Inplainfilm,itischaracterizedbyanarrowedarticularspace.Whetherthetrabeculaepassthroughthearticularspacedistinguishesbonyorfibrousankylosis.

Artificialcontrast:

Thoseorgansorspaceslackofnaturalcontrast，canberenderdetobevisiblebymeansofcontrastagentstocreateanartificialcontrast.

Bonedestruction:

localizedabsenceofnormalbonetissueandreplacedbypathologicaltissues.Boththecorticalandspongybonearedestructedbecauseofeithertheabsorptionofbonetissuesortheactivationofosteoclastsbythepathologicaltissue.Inplainfilm,itappearstobeadecreaseinbonedensitylocally,absenceofnormalbonetissue,andprobablyworm-eatenorsievelikecorticalbone.

Cavity:

formedasaresultoftheexpulsionofnecrotictissuesthroughbronchus.Itcanbedevidedintoworm-eaten,thin-walled,andthick-walledcavities.oftenseeninTB,pulmonaryabscess,andlungcancer.

Codman’triangle:

Codman’triangleisduetodirecterosionofthealreadyformedperiostealnewbonebyfastgrowingtumor.

Colles’fracture:

Thefracturelineiswithin2-3cmfromthearticularendoftheradius,thedistalfragmentisdisplaceddorsallyandradiallyandisoftenassociatedwithfractureofthestyloidprocessoftheulnaandseparationoftheradioulnarjoint.

CTR:

theratiobetweenmaximaltransversediameteroftheheart:

summationofmaximaldiameterfromleftandrightmarginoftheheartrespectivelytothemidline,andmaximalwidthofthethorax:

ahorizontallinepassingthroughtherightdiaphragmaticapexbetweeninneredgesofthethorax.maximuminadults:

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Degenerationofjoint:

degeneratedandnecroticarticularcartilage,replacedbyfibroustissuesgradually.Whenthebonysurfaceisinvolved,itcancausehyperostosisofthebone,whichleadstorougharticularsurface,formationofosteophyte,andossificationofligament.Itisoftenseeninweight-bearingorfrequentlyusedjoints.

Destructionofbone:

Bonetissueeliminationcausedbysclerotinpartlysubstitutedwithpathologicorganism.Roentgenologically,itshowsosteolyticboneareasofdecreaseddensityandlossofbonestructures.

Doublecontour:

OnPAfilm,therightborderofanenlargedleftatriummayproduceanextrashadowsuperimposedontherightcardiacborder,givingadoublecontour.

Earlygastriccancer:

Earlygastriccancerisdefineascarcinomalimitedtothemucosaandsubmucosaregardlessofthepresenceorabsenceoflymphnodeinvolvement.

Epiphysealfracture:

occursinchildren’slongbone,fortheepiphysishasnotlinkedwithmetaphysic,sotheymayseparatewhenthereisanexternalforceacting.Inplainfilm,theepiphysisandmetaphysisarenotinthenormalplace,ortheepiphysealplateisbroaderthannormal.Thefracturelinedoesnotexist.

FillingDefect:

Fillingdefectiscausedbyaspaceoccupingmassproducingdefectonthebarium.

Fracture:

acomplete/incompletebreakinthecontinuityofaboneoracartilage.Incompletefracturesincludecrack~andgreenstick~.Completefracturesincludetransverse,oblique,vertical,spiral,fragmented,impacted,compression,andavulsion~.

GreenstickFracture:

Greenstickfractureoccuralmostexclusivelyduringinfancyandchildhood.Itisnoteasyforexternalforcetocausethebonecortexcompletebreakbecauseofitspliant,sothiskindoffractureshowedbucklingofthecortexwithoutfracturelinesoratransverfractureoccurinthecortex,extendingintothemidportoftheboneandthenorientingalongthelongitudinalaxisofthebonewithoutdisruptingtheoppositecortex.

Hilardance:

underfluorescence,therewillbeanobviouslyenhancedpulsationofthehilararteriesinpulmonaryhypertension,seenincongenitalheartdiseaseswithleft-to-rightshunt.

Hyperostosisosteoscleroses:

osteosclerosisisabnormalhardeningorincreaseddensityofboneonradiographs

；

Intrapulmonaryaircontainingspace:

pathologicaldistensionofphysiologicalspaceinthelung.Itappearstobearoundtranslucencywithasmoothwallabout1mminX-rays.suchasbullaeandaircontainingbronchialcysts.

InvertedScurvesign:

PAfilm,atelectasisoftherightsuperiorlobe,elevatedhorizontalfissure,hilarmass,centralbronchogeniccarcinomaintherightsuperiorlobe

Kerleyline:

pulmonaryinterstitialedema,formedduetothickeninginteralveolarseptaindifferentarea.A:

stretchingformtheouterzonetothehilumobliquely,seeninacuteLHF;B:

inthecostophrenicangle,2-3cmlong,stretcheshorizontally,seeninMSandchronicLHF;C:

intheinferiorfield,netlike,seeninseverepulmonaryvenoushypertension.

KidneyAutonephretomy:

Thecaseouslesionofrenaltuberculosiscanproducecalcification,andevenresultincalcificationofentirekidneycalledautonephritomy

Lungmarkings:

consistingofpulmonarya.,v.,bronchi,andlymphtissues.Inplainfilm,itappearstobebranchlikeshadowradiatingoutwardfromthehilumanddisappearwithagradualreductioninsize.

Niche:

Onprofile,thisunchangingcollectionofbariumwillprojectoutsidetheconfinesofthestomach.

Osteomalacia:

Osteomalaciaisagroupofdisordersresultingfrominadequateordelayedmineralizationofosteoidinmaturecorticalandspongybyne.Theradiographicchangesarecharacterizedbygeneralmarkeddecreaseofbonedensity,thickcortex,thenormaloutlineoftheboneisblurred.

Osteonecrosis:

Osteonecrosisoccurswhenmetabolismofbonecellsceaseforeverfromlocalischemiabone.Thechiefcharacteristicthatisresponsiblefortheradiographicdefinitionofdeadboneisitsapparentincreaseindensity.

Osteoporosis:

referstoadecreaseinnormalbonetissueperunitvolume,inwhichmineralandorganicmattersdecreaseinproportion,leavingaqualitativelynormalbutquantitativelydeficientbonetissue.Thedeficientbonebecomesmorefragileandmorevulnerabletofractures.Inplainfilm,itappearstobeadecreaseinbonedensitygenerally,thinandsparsetrabeculae,wideintertrabecularspace,andathinnerandstratiformcorticalbone.Itoftenoccursintheelderly,menopauseinwomen,andothercircumstancessuchastumor,infection,endocrinedisorders,etc.

OsteosclerosisandHyperostosis:

referstoanincreaseinnormalbonetissueperunitvolume.Inplainfilm,itappearstobeanincreaseinbonedensitygenerally,withthickenedcortexandtrabeculae.Themedullaryspaceisnarrowedorevenvanished,andsometimesthecorticalboneandspongybonecannotbedistinguished.Itisusuallyseenintumor,inflammation,andtrauma.

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Pancoast’stumor:

peripheralbronchogeniccarcinomaintheapex.caninfiltrateintoneighboringvertebraeandribs,involvescervicalsympatheticnerveandcauseHorner’ssyndrome.

Periostealreaction:

whentheperiosteumisirritatedpathologically,osteoblastsintheinnerlayerwillbeactivatedandproducesub-periostealnewbone.Inplainfilm,itappearstobeahighdensityshadowparalleltothecortex,withvariouspatternsaslinear,luminar,orlacelike.Itusuallyindicatesadestructionorinjuryofthebone.

Pleuralindentation:

V-shapedorcordlike,denseshadowbetweenthemassandpleura,contractionofscartissueintumor,adenocarcinoma,bronchioalveolarcarcinoma

Primarycomplex:

acombinationofprimarypulmonarytuberculousfocus,hilartuberculouslymphangitisandlymphadenitis.fomrsatypicaldumbbell-likeX-rayimage.

Primarycomplextuberculosis;Thecombinationoftheprimarypulmonarytuberculousfocus,lymphangitisandintrathoraciclymphadenitisisknownastheprimarycomplextuberculosis.Itoccurschieflyinchildren.

Schmorl’snodule:

Prolapseofthenucleuspulposusthroughthevertebralbodyendplateintothespongiosaofthevertebra,accompaniedbyresponsivehyperostosis.

Stirlinsign:

Thereisalackofbariumretentioninadiseasedsegmentofileumandcaecumbutwithacolumnofbariumremainsoneithersideoftheaffectedarea.Thisphemonenonmayresultfromspasm,organicconstractureofacombinationofboth.Itissuggestiveoftuberculosisofintestine.

Subpleuralline:

thickenedadjacentinterlobularseptaconnectstogether,dermatasclerosis,asbestosis

Thethirdpathologicarch:

Itmayformaseparatearchbetweenthepulmonarysegmentandtheleftventricle,duetoenlargementoftheatrialappendage.Itiscalledthethirdpathologicarch.Tree-buddedsign:

bronchiolus,diffusepanbronchiolitis,bronchogenicdissemination

流空效应：

由于信号的采集需要一定的时间，快速流动的血液不产生或只产生极低的信号，与周围组织、结构间形成良好的对比，这种现象叫流空效应。

、

驰豫时间：

静态磁场中，质子从高能态恢复到低能态所需要的时间。

像素pixel：

扫描所得的数据经计算而获得每个体素的X线衰减系数或称吸收系数，再排列成矩阵，其中每个数字经数字、模拟转换器转换为黑到白的不同灰度的小方块，称~

体素voxel：

CT图像处理时将选定的层面分成若干个体积相等的小方块，称~

数字减影血管造影DSA：

digitialsubstractionangiography

利用计算机处理数字影像信息，将两幅图重叠，消除血管周围组织影，使血管显像清晰的成像技术。

DSAisaprocedure,,usingcomputertechonolgytoprocesssubstractstwopicturestoallowforvisualizationofbloodvesselswithoutinterferencefromsurroundingstructure.

自然对比：

根据人体组织密度即比重的高低，人体组织可概括分为骨骼、软组织（包括液体）脂肪及存在于人体内的气体四类。

这种人体组织自然存在的密度差别称为~

造影检查：

对缺乏自然对比的结构或器官，可将密度高于或低于该结构或器官的物质引入器官内或周围间隙，使之产生对比显影，即为造影检查造影检查的应用扩大了X线检查的范围。

介入放射学：

以影象学为基础，并在影象设备的介导下，利用经皮穿刺和导管技术等，对一些疾病进行非手术治疗或者用以取得组织学、细菌学、生理和生化材料，已明确病变性质。

骨龄：

骺软骨按不同发育时期逐渐骨化，骨化的程度与年龄