高考英语非谓语动词之不定式和动名词复习.docx
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高考英语非谓语动词之不定式和动名词复习
高考英语非谓语动词之不定式与动名词复习
Ø不定式的形式
英译中：
Toloveandtobelovedisthegreatesthappinessoflife.
HepretendedtobesleepingwhenIcamein.
Theoldmanseemstobedying.
I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.
主动
被动
一般式
进行式
完成式
注：
向学生解释每种不定式形式的时态含义。
【Keys】：
todo
tobedone
tobedoing
×
tohavedone
tohavebeendone
Ø不定式的用法
A．作主语
B．作宾语
C．作定语
D．作状语
E．作补语
F唯独不可作谓语，因此称不定式为非谓语动词。
请判断下列划下划线不定式在句中的成分
Toseeistobelieve.
Itissensibleofyoutogiveupsmoking.
Thedoctor’sdutyistosavelives.
Thepoorfamilycouldn’taffordtoliveinafour-starhotel.
Heaskedmetodotheworkwithhim.
Hewasalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.
She’sfinallymadeadecisiontoleave.
Icameheretoseeyou.
Hedidn’tknowwhattodowiththeproblem.
Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.
【Keys】：
主语/表语；主语；表语；宾语；宾语补足语；定语；定语；状语；宾语（疑问词+todo）；主语
vIt作形式主语，常用结构如下：
☞Itis+adj.+of/forsb.+todosth.
☞Itis+n.+todosth.（anhonortomakeaspeak/apleasuretoseeyou）
☞Ittakessb.+时间段+todosth.
☞How+adj.+itis+todosth.!
感叹句
Howrelaxingitistobatheinthesunonthesands!
在沙滩上沐浴阳光多令人放松啊！
vTheonly,序数词thefirst,thesecond,顺序词thelast,thenext,形容词最高级修饰的名词后用不定式作定语。
Theyoungestpersontoentertheprogramisjustfourteen.
Ø不定式的含义
1.表示将要做的动作
2.表示目的
3.表示结果
4.表示意想不到的结果
I’vegotalettertowrite.
Tomaketheworldabetterplacetolivein,weshouldprotectenvironment.
Weturnedthelightsoffinordernottowasteelectricity.
Thecarisspaciousenoughtoholdthefiveofus.
Thefanswaitedintherainforhoursjusttohavealookattheirfavoritestar.
Theyqueuedforhoursattheboxofficeonlytodiscoverthattheticketsweresoldout.
v表目的：
inorderto/soasto的否定式
v表结果：
so…asto…/such…asto…/enoughto…/too…to…
vJusttodo…与onlytodiscover/find…的区别
Ø特定动词+todo
结构
常用动词
例句
动词+ todo
agree,aim,afford,attempt,choose, decide,expect,fail, hope,manage, intend, offer, plan,prefer,pretend,promise,refuse（*continue,forget,mean,hate…）
*表示可加doing或todo
Ilongtobecomeafootballstar.
Heagreedtokeepitsecret.
动词+疑问词+todo
know,wonder,decide,
remember,findout
Idon’tknowwhattosaytocomforther.
动词+宾语+todo
advise,allow,ask,cause,encourage,expect,force,get,
inform,invite,order,permit,
persuade,remind,request,teach,
tell,want,warn
Thedoctoradvisesmetohaveabloodtest.
Theteacherencouragedustojoininthediscussion.
动词+it+补足语+todo
find,think,consider,
feel,make
Ifinditimportanttolearnasecondforeignlanguage.
Wethinkitbettertosetoffearly.
动词+宾语+
省略to的不定式
一感：
feel
二听：
hear, listento
三让：
let,have,make
四观看：
notice, see, watch, lookat
Isawtheyoungmanslipinquietly.
课堂练习Ⅰ
I.Completeeachofthefollowingsentences,usingtheverbsgiveninthebrackets.
1Totreatothersaswewish____________（treat）isthecommonhumanitythatbindsustogether.
2Sheforcedhim____________（leave）homewhilehewasstillachild.
3Helosthistemperbecausetheshoprefused____________（accept）hischeck.
4Maryfeltillandshelongedforthemeeting____________（finish）sothatshecouldgohome.
5Anancientcitywassaid____________（discovered）atthebottomofthelake.
6Myfriendsoffered____________（help）meoutofmyhardfinancialcondition.
7Theaccidentseems____________（happen）ataround1.00p.m.,yesterday.
8Don’thesitate____________（drop）inonmeinmyofficeifyouhaveanydoubt.
9Maryisalwaysthefirst____________（appear）intheofficeandthelast____________（disappear）.
10IwenttovisitWilliaminhisofficeonly____________（tell）thathehadleftforLondontwoweeksbefore.
【Keys】:
1.tobetreated2.toleave3.toaccept4.tofinish5.tohavebeendiscovered6.tohelp7.tohavehappened8.todrop9.toappear,todisappear10.tobetold
II.Choosethebestanswerforthefollowingquestions.
动名词与不定式综合练习，防止学生一律选不定式。
1.Don’ttalkwithhimanymore.Heisamanwhoishardto________.
A.bepleasedB.pleasantC.pleasingD.please
2.________tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.
A.ExposedB.Havingexposed
C.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed
3.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto________someschoolsforpoorchildren.
A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup
4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains________whethertheywillenjoyit.
A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen
5.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.
A.tohavestudiedBtostudy
C.tobestudyingDtohavebeenstudying
6.---Iusuallygotherebytrain.
----Whynot___byboatforachange?
A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing
7.Comparedwithwomen,menalwaysprefer____athomeratherthan____somuchtimeshopping.
A.tostay,tospendB.tostay,spendC.stay,spendD.stay,tospend
8.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_____thefirstcomputer.
A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented
9.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.
A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking
10.________lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm（闹钟）.
A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep
11.Withalotofdifficultproblems________,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
12.Theteacheraskedus_______somuchnoise.
A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake
13.__________theassignmentmadehisfatherlosehistemper.
A.Theboy’snothavingdoneB.Theboynothavingdone
C.Theboy’shavingnotdoneD.Theboyhavingnotdone
14.——Nextweekwe'llhavethefinalEnglishexams．
——Yes?
Then，everyminutemustbemadefulluseEnglish．
A.ofstudyingB．tostudyC．ofbeingstudiedD．oftostudy
15．Whichdoyouenjoy__________yourweekends,fishingorwatchingTV?
A.spendingB.tospendC.beingspentD.spend
【Keys】：
DCBBADBCAACDADB
Translation
1Iamawfullysorry____________________________________.（让你等了那么久）
2Icoulddonothingbut__________________________________（假装对那件事情一无所知）.
3InoticedDiana________________________________________（与David换了位置）.
4Ihadmeant____________________________（告诉你事情的真相）butIwastoofrightened.
5Willyoupleasetellme__________________________________（何时何地举办颁奖典礼）?
6Whydon’tyougetyourwife_____________________________________（带他去演讲台）?
7Heisknown_______________________________________________________（过目不忘）.
8Herarelyleftthehouse________________________________________（除了去买东西）.
9Heworkedsohardthatheevenstayeduplatealmosteverynight____________________
___________________（为了不让父母失望）.
【Keys】:
1.Tohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime/solongatime.
2.pretendtoknownothingaboutthematter.
3.changedplaceswithDavid.
4.totellyouthetruth
5.whenandwheretoholdtheawardceremony.
6.toguidehimtotheplatform
7.tolearnwhateverhehasseenbyheart
8.excepttogoshopping
9.inorder/soasnottolethisparentsdown
☞不定式的否定形式
e.g.:
告诉他别开窗。
Tellhimnottoopenthewindow.
e.g.:
我走过去的时候，她假装没看见。
ShepretendednottoseemewhenIwaspassingby.
☞不定式的语态
1.他的小狗喜欢被人轻拍。
（pat）
Hisdoglovestobepatted.
2.不允许这些书被带出去。
（allow）
Thesebooksarenotallowedtobetakenout.
3.我去看望他，结果被告知他不在。
（onlyto）
Iwenttovisithim,onlytobetoldthathewasout.
***4.这事故是哪个司机的责任？
（toblame）
Whichdriverwastoblamefortheaccident?
【注意】betoblamefor常以主动表示被动,表示为…负责。
【比较】
Ihavesomuchworktodo.（我要亲自去做）
Ihavesomuchworktobedone.（要找人做）
Haveyouanythingtosend?
（你有什么要寄的东西吗？
）
Haveyouanythingtobesent?
（你有什么要我/别人寄的东西吗？
）
☞常用不定式的句型
1.It+be+名词+todo
2.Ittakessb+sometime+todo
3.It+be+形容词+for/ofsb+todo
4.Itseems（appears）+形容词+todo
☞不带to的不定式
（1）情态动词（除ought外，oughtto）
（2）使役动词：
let、make、have（let无论主被动都不带to）
（3）感官动词：
see、watch、notice、observe、hear、listento、lookat、smell、feel等后作宾补，省略to。
★如果是被动语态则不能省略to。
e.g.:
我看到他跳舞。
Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.
e.g.:
老板让他们彻夜加班。
Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.
（4）wouldrather,hadbetter后
（5）Why…/Whynot…
（6）but：
but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
e.g.:
他什么都不想做，就想出去。
Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.
（7）由and、or、than连接的两个不定式，第二个to可以省略。
课堂练习
1选择
1.Youhadbettergetadoctor_____yourbadtooth.
A.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout
2.DidyounoticeMary_____toherbedroom?
A.cameinandranB.comeinandrun
C.cominginandrunningD.havingcomeinandrun
3.Iwantedtohavehim_____thejob,buthehadit_____instead.
A.do;doneB.does;bedoneC.todo;doingD.todo;done
4.It’sdangeroustoletthechildrenwhoaresoyoung_____intheriver.
A.togoswimmingB.goingtoswim
C.goswimmingD.gotoswim
5.I’mafraidyoursuggestioncan’thelp_____theserviceoftheirshop.
A.improvingB.inimprovingC.improveD.forimproving
6.Theenemyhadnowayoutbut_____.
A.surrenderB.surrendering
C.tosurrenderD.havingtosurrender
7.Thematterhadbetter_____asitis.
A.leaveB.beingleftC.leftD.beleft
8.Thetelephoneisoutoforderand_____.
A.needstoberepairedB.needstorepair
C.needstoberepairingD.needsbeingrepaired
9.Iurgedhim_____becausetheroadwasdangerous.
A.careful
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