浅析《愤怒的葡萄》中汤姆的转变本科论文.docx
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浅析《愤怒的葡萄》中汤姆的转变本科论文
本科生毕业论文(设计)册
学院汇华学院
专业英语专业
班级2007级9班
学生赵兴凯
指导教师南方
河北师范大学本科毕业论文(设计)任务书
编号:
2011230401339
论文(设计)题目:
浅析《愤怒的葡萄》中汤姆的转变
学院:
汇华学院专业:
英语班级:
2007级9班
学生姓名:
赵兴凯学号:
2007512264指导教师:
南方职称:
副教授
1、论文(设计)研究目标及主要任务
研究目标:
通过对目标人物转变的分析,加深对作品的理解,通过对人物转变原因的分析,体会作者的人物塑造技巧
主要任务:
研究目标人物的转变及其转变的原意
2、论文(设计)的主要内容
汤姆的转变及其转变的原因,转变主要涉及汤姆由一个个人主义者变为一个集体主义者,由一个无信仰的囚徒变为一个坚持信仰的信徒。
3、论文(设计)的基础条件及研究路线
基础条件:
对作品的整体阅读,对人物命运的具体研究,对背景知识的理解和把握
研究路线:
以人物命运的转变为主线,着力表现时代大背景下的人物命运,
4、主要参考文献
1.斯坦贝克:
(愤怒的葡萄》,胡仲持译,上海译文出版社,2003年版。
2.常耀信.美国文学简史.天津:
南开大学出版社,2003
3.BensonJackson.TheTrueAdventuresofJohnSteinbeck.NewYork:
Viking,1984.
4.JohnSteinbeck.TheGrapesofWrath(NewYork:
Viking,1996),p428
5、计划进度
阶段
起止日期
1
确定论文题目和主题
3月16日—3月23日
2
确定论文提纲交导师审阅
3月24日—3月30日
3
完成初稿,交导师审阅批改
3月31日—4月20日
4
审阅,修改,交终稿
4月21日—5月8日
5
论文答辩
5月下旬
指导教师:
年月日
教研室主任:
年月日
注:
一式三份,学院(系)、指导教师、学生各一份
河北师范大学本科生毕业论文(设计)开题报告书
汇华学院英语专业2011届
学生
姓名
赵兴凯
论文(设计)题目
浅析《愤怒的葡萄》中汤姆的转变
指导
教师
南方
专业
职称
副教授
所属教研室
翻译教
研室
研究方向
英美文学
课题论证:
通过对作品中人物的分析,得出在时代的大背景下,人物的命运是时代环境和文化环境交织的产物。
方案设计:
第一章主要介绍汤姆由一个个人主义者变为一个集体主义者,第二章主要介绍汤姆由一个囚犯变为一个坚持基督信仰的信徒,第三章主要介绍造成这种转变的原因。
进度计划:
3月16日—3月23日确定论文题目和主题
3月24日—3月30日确定论文提纲交导师审阅
3月31日—4月20日完成初稿,交导师审阅批改
4月21日—5月8日审阅,修改,交终稿
5月下旬论文答辩
指导教师意见:
指导教师签名:
年月日
教研室意见:
教研室主任签名:
年月日
河北师范大学本科生毕业论文(设计)文献综述
SteinbeckremainsoneoftheAmerican’smostsignificantwriterswhosepopularityspanstheworld,whoserangeisimpressive.AmongSteinbeck’sliteraryworks,TheGrapesofWrathenduresasamasterpieceofAmericanliterature,whichplayedamajorroleinhiswinningthePulitzerPrizeandtheNobelPrizeforLiterature.TheGrapesofWrathexertedatremendousimpactonAmericansocietywhenitwaspublishedin1939,anditssignificancewentfarbeyondtherealmofliterature.DavidWatt,aliterarycritic,oncecommented,“NoAmericannovelpublishedinthiscenturyhasarousedsuchastormasTheGrapesofWrathdidOnehastogobacktoUncleTom’sCabintowitnessitsequal.”AsafictiondocumentingtheDustBowlmigrationduringtheGreatDepression,TheGrapesofWrathenjoysagreatpopularityamongAmericanreaders,“appealingequallytopoliticians,intellectuals,literarycriticsandthegeneralpublic”Duringitsfirstyeaofpublication,morethan400,000copiesofthenovelweresold.In1982,theNewYorkTimesreportedthatitwasthesecondbest-sellingnoveleverinAmerica,with14,600,000copiesprinted.
AlthoughTheGrapesofWrathisquitepopularwiththereaders,literarycriticshaveverycontroversialviewsaboutthiswork.Rightafteritspublication,ithasprovokedmuchhotdebatesandargumentsamongcritics.AsDavidMinter,anexpertofAmericanliterature,oncepointedout,“TheGrapesofWrathwasoneofthemostinfluentialandcontroversialnovelsofthe1930s.”Forthisreason,theso-called“SteinbeckQuestion”wasraisedbyAmericanscholarsanditstillremainstobesolved.Generallyspeaking,thecriticismonthisnovelhasundergonethreeperiodsofdevelopment.
Thefirstperiodstartedfrom1939andlastedtothemid1950s.Inthisperiod,criticstendedtofocustheirattentiononthenovel’srelationshipwithitshistoricalandpoliticalbackground.Somecriticsregardeditasaprotestnovel.Forexample,MalcolmCowley,afamouscriticinthe1930s,claimedthat“TheGrapesofWrathbelongsveryhighlyinthecategoryofthegreatangrybookslikeUncleTom’sCabinthathadarousedthepeopletofightagainsttheintolerablewrongs.”AndsomescholarsarguedthatSteinbeckexpressesthetraditionalAmericanphilosophicalthoughtinhisnovel.FredericCarpenterpublishedacriticalessayin1941entitledThePhilosophicalJoads.Inthisessayhecontended,“Forthefirsttimeinhistory,TheGrapesofWrathbringstogetherandmakesrealthreegreatskeinsofAmericanthought.ItcombinesRalphWaldoEmerson’stranscendentalover-soul,Whitman’massdemocracyandWilliamJames’Pragmatism.”ManyothercriticscategorizedSteinbeckasaleftwriterandlabeledTheGrapesofWrathasa“proletariannovel”.Theyclaimedthat“thenoveldepictsthelifeoftheworkingclassesanddealswiththeindustrialproblemfromthepointofviewoflabor.”Somecritics,suchasArthurSpearman,evenattackedthenovelas“politicalpropagandawhichreflectsSteinbeck’sintentiontosubvertAmericanculturaltradition”,andtheyassertedthat“thenovel’smajorthemeisfromindividualismtocollectivism.”
Fromthemid1950stothemid1970sthestudiesonTheGrapeofWrathenteredanotherphase.Inthisperiod,undertheinfluenceofacriticaltheorycalledtheNewCriticism,scholarstriedtoavoidevaluatingthenovelfromitssocialandhistoricalbackground.Instead,theytendedtoregarditasapureworkofart.Therefore,thesescholarsmainlyfocusedtheirresearchonthenovel’sstructure,language,characters,plot,symbols,imageryandthoughts,etc.Becauseoftheirdifferentaesthetictastes,criticsoftenmadecontradictingconclusions.Afteraclosetextualanalysis,manyofthemcontendedthat“TheGrapesofWrathisagreatnovelwithsuperbcharacterizationandmovingplot”,whilesomearguedthat“itsstructureisincoherentanditslanguageisfolksy”.SeveralscholarsdiscoveredthatwhenwritingTheGrapesofWrathSteinbeckdrewmuchinspirationfromtheholyBible.Theyclaimed,“Biblicalthemes,symbols,structuresandlanguagearepervasiveinthisnovel.TheJoadfamily’smigrationfromOklahomatoCaliforniacorrespondstothestoryofIsraelites’exodusfromEgypttoCanaanintheOldTestament.”TedlockandWicker,twocritics,contendedthat“thenovelreflectsSteinbeck’snon-teleologicalthinkingwhichisoftenlinkedwithhisbiologicalviewofman”.Theypointedout“Steinbeck’scharactersviewtheirlifeaswhatitis,notwiththequestionsofwhyorwhatshouldbe.”
Afterthemid1970scameanewtrendofSteinbeckstudies.Criticsbegantousesomemodernliterarytheoriestoanalyzethenovel,suchasFeminism,Regionalism,EcologicalCriticismandNewHistoricism.Byapplyingdifferenttheoriestotheirresearch,criticshavemadevariousconclusions.Inthe1970sMimiReiselGladsteinstudiedTheGrapesofWrathfromFeministicapproach.SheillustratedthatSteinbeckportrayedMaJoadandRoseofSharonastwoindestructiblewomencharacterinthenovel.Duringthe1980sLouisOwensarguedthat“thereisacloserelationshipbetweenSteinbeck’sliterarycreationandhishomestateCalifornia.”Hepointedout,“InTheGrapesofWrathSteinbeckrejectsthemythofAmericanWestandexposestheCaliforniadreamisnotonlyillusorybutalsodangerous.Steinbeck’ssolutiontothisproblemisanewidealofcommitment—thecommitmenttomanandtoplace.”RichardHartanalyzedSteinbeck’snovelfromecologicalperspective.In1997hepublishedanessayentitledSteinbeckonManandNature:
APhilosophicalReflection,inwhichheclaimedSteinbeckwasawriterwhothoughtasanecologist.HartpointedoutthatinthisnovelSteinbeckaimedtoarouseAmericanpeople’sawarenessto“preservetheecologicalandnaturalintegrity.”Intheyear2000,FangJie,aChinesescholar,analyzedSteinbeck’sthreenovelsfromaperspectiveoftheNewHistoricism.Hecontended,“TheGrapesofWrathisarepresentationofthehistorandpowerduringthe1930s”,and“thenarrativeofthisnovelpromotesthepossibilityforsubversionoftheexistingpower,andatthesametimeitcontainsthatsubversion.”
Fromtheabovereview,itcanbefoundthatcriticsstillhavedifferentviewsonTheGrapesofWrath,andthesecontroversiesleaveroomforourfurtherresearchandexploration.ChristopherBusch,afamousSteinbeckscholar,oncepointedoutinJohnSteinbeck:
DissertationAbstractsandResearchOpportunitiesthat“theconnectionsbetweenSteinbeck’sworksandthehistoryofthe1930sorofthefrontierperiod…invitefurtherstudy.”TheGrapesofWrathhasindeedexertedahugeimpactonAmericansocietyinthelate1930sandatthesametimeenjoyedpopularityamongreaders.
Thethesis,whichisaboutthetransitionofTon,wasdividedintothreesections:
chapterone,Fromanindividualisttoacollectivist,chaptertwo,Fromaworldlyprisonertoadisciple,chapterthree,Thecausesforthetransition.
本科生毕业论文(设计)册
学院汇华学院
专业英语专业
班级2007级9班
学生赵兴凯
指导教师南方
本科生毕业论文设计
题目浅析《愤怒的葡萄》中汤姆的转变
作者姓名赵兴凯
指导教师南方
所在学院汇华学院
专业(系)英语专业
班级(届)2011届9班
完成日期2011年5月8日
TheAnalysisofTom’sTransitionin
TheGrapesofWrath
By
ZhaoXingkai
Prof.NanFang,Tutor
AThesis
SubmittedtotheForeignLanguages
InstituteinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements
fortheDegreeofBachelorofArtsat
HebeiNormalUniversity
May8th,2011
Contents
Introduction……………………………………………
(1)
A.ThelifeexperienceofSteinbeck………………
(2)
B.Thebackgroundofthestory…………………(3)
ChapterOneFromanindividualisttoacollectivist…(3)
A.Tomakelifebyhimself………………………(4)
B.Toachievethroughunity…………………(7)
Chapter2FromaworldlyprisonertoadiscipleofChristianity…………………………………………(7)
A.Aprisonerwithnobelief………………(8)
B.AdisciplebaptizedbyJimCasyandre-baptizedbyhimself………………………………………………(11)
Chapter3Thecausesforthetransition………………(11)
A.Thebiblicalinfluence……………………(13)
B.Thenaturalismandsocialsurroundings………(14)
Conclusion…………………………………………(15)
Bibliography………………………………………(16)
Notes………………………………………………(17)
摘要
约翰.斯坦贝克生于1902年加利福尼亚的山谷,并攻读于斯坦福大学(1919-1925)。
一生著作超过30本,斯坦贝克早期出版了两部短篇小说《煎饼评》和《人鼠之间》。
斯坦贝克的主要的贡献还包括《珍珠》《罐头工厂街》,《伊甸园以东》和《愤怒的葡萄》。
斯坦贝克于1962年获得了诺贝尔文学奖,而他最为人所知的作品《愤怒的葡萄》被认为是20世纪的经典作品。
这部作品描写了移民乔德