高考英语二轮复习 专题三 阅读理解 第三节 题组训练 5 说理议论.docx

高考英语二轮复习 专题三 阅读理解 第三节 题组训练 5 说理议论.docx

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高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练5说理议论

第三节题组训练5说理议论

A

（2017·和平区一模）

WilliamW．Purkey，awell-knownprofessorofeducation，said，“Dancelikenooneiswatching，lovelikeyou’llneverbehurt，singlikenooneislistening，andlivelikeit’sheavenonearth.”Itseemsliketheperfectlifephilosophy—andoneI’velearnedtoapplytorunningovertheyear.

ButIdidn’talwaysfeelthisway.Inmyearlydays，whenIweighed240pounds，Iranlikeeveryonewaswatching—andjudging.IfIwasonarunandsawacarapproaching，I’dstopandpretendIwaslookingforsomethingI’dlost.Iboughtthehigh-techgearandclothesthatIthoughtwouldmakepeoplebelieveIwasarunner.AndIdidn’thaveaclueiftheexpensiveshoesIwaswearingweretherightkindforme—IjustwantedtolooklikeIfitinwiththisgroup.

Tobehonest，Ifeltacertainsatisfactioninbelievingthatsomeonewaswatching.Ireallythoughtthatotherpeoplecaredaboutmyperformance.Thebestexampleofthiswasacombined，two-lapmarathoninFlorence，Italy.AsIapproachedthefinishingline，thecrowdbegantocheer.Iwassurprised.HereIwas，thousandsofmilesfromhome，andtheItalianswereshoutingfor“IIPenguino”．

About20yardsfromthefinishing，thetruthsetinwhenthewinnerofthefullmarathonwentpastmeasIwasfinishingthehalf-marathon.Noonewascheeringforme.NooneprobablyevennoticedthatIwasfinishing.Icouldn’thelpbutsmileatmyownillusionofself-importance.

That’swhenIrealizedIhadbeenrunningforeveryreasonexcepttherightone.Irantomakeotherpeoplehappy，rantoliveuptotheirexpectations.Butnoonewaswatching，noonecared.SoIdecidedIwasgoingtorunforme—justme—andgainedanewenjoymentfromthesportIhadn’ttrulyexperiencedyet.I’velearnedtorunlikenooneiswatching.

Soifyouseemeatrace，andIlooklikea60-year-oldguywaddling（蹒跚）along，don’tworry.I’mfine.Themiracleisn’tthatIfinished.ThemiracleisthatIhadthecouragetostart.

语篇解读　本文主要讲述了作者最初跑步时是为了让别人快乐，不辜负他们的期望。

后来发现，跑步应该享受运动带来的快乐，该为自己而生活，不是愉悦他人。

1．Thewriterpresentsthepassageby.

A．tellinghisrunningstory

B．explainingalifephilosophy

C．listingsomeliferules

D．introducingquotations

答案　D

解析　写作手法题。

根据文章第一段第一句可知，本文开篇引用了一个名人的名言来呈现该话题，故选D。

2．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatthewriter.

A．usedsportsclothesandshoestoattractattention

B．wasconcernedaboutwhatothersthoughtofher

C．likedtobethefocusofotherrunners

D．struggledtofindtherightshoestofither

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

根据文章第二段内容可知，作者很胖的时候，跑步时总觉得别人在注视她，当有车靠近时，她总会停下来假装在找东西，后来还买了运动衣服以让人们觉得她是一个专业的跑步者，由此可知，作者很在乎别人对她的看法，故选B。

3．Whenthewriterwasnearthefinishingline，.

A．shesmiledatherownachievement

B．thecrowdcheeredforhermadly

C．nobodyreallycaredaboutherrunning

D．sherealizedtheimportanceofconfidence

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据文章第四段第二、三句“Noonewascheeringforme.NooneprobablyevennoticedthatIwasfinishing.”可知，当作者在跑步时，没有人为她喝彩，快要跑完全程时，似乎也没有人注意到，故选C。

4．Nowthewriterthoughtthereasonforrunningisto.

A．liveuptoothersexpectations

B．createamiracleinherownlife

C．enjoythepleasureofrunning

D．runlikenooneiswatching

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据文章倒数第二段中的“SoIdecidedIwasgoingtorunforme—justme—andgainedanewenjoymentfromthesportIhadn’ttrulyexperiencedyet.”可知，我决定我应该为自己而奔跑，去享受运动给我带来的快乐，故选C。

5．Bytellingherownstory，thewriterwantedto.

A．tellustolivealifeofourown

B．inspiremorepeopletorun

C．expectustoimproveourhealthbyrunning

D．stresstheimportanceofdetermination

答案　A

解析　写作意图题。

本文主要讲述了作者最初跑步时是为了让别人快乐，不辜负他们的期望。

后来发现，跑步应该享受运动带来的快乐，该为自己而生活，不是愉悦他人。

故选A。

B

（2017·天津五校联考一模）

Inspiteofsexdiscriminationofkeepingwomendown，newresearchfindsanotheraspectofwomen’scharacters：

girlsaremorelikelytotalkaboutschoolsuccessesthanboys.

ResearchersfromHanoverCollegeandtheUniversityofLouisvillecametothisconclusion.Afterall，girlsareusuallytaughttobemodest，insteadofbragging.

Basically，girlssharemorebecausetheybelievethatsuccessinschoolisgoodandthatthey’llbesociallyrewardedforit.Girlsthinkthattalkingabouttheiracademicsuccesseswillbuildfriendships.Boysseemtoshareless，becauseonaverage，theythinkit’suncooltobegoodatschool，andwouldprefertobecometheclassclownorsomethingeveniftheyreallyaresmart.Becausethetrendstartsasearlyasmid-childhood，there’salongtimeforthesedifferencestoaffectmotivationandactualschoolperformance.

Thistrendcontinuesallthewaythroughcollege.Girlstendtobebetteratself-regulationthanboys，whichallowsthemtosetacademicgoals，andachievethem.Girlsfindacademicenvironmentseasiertocontrolwhileboys’higherenergylevelsandimpulsiveness（易冲动）causebehavioralproblemspossiblycontributingtothelowergrades.

Someaspectsofthegenderschoolinggaparetroubling.Especiallyassuccessdependsmoreoneducationalattainmentandqualificationsandlessonphysicalstrength，boyswhocan’torwon’tdoschoolworkputthemselvesatadisadvantageforlife.Ontheotherhand，therearenewproblemsforadultfemales，though，andnormalprideingirlsturnsintoarrogance（傲慢）andbossybehaviorinadultwomen.Ifwomenseemlessproudoftheiraccomplishmentsthantheywereasgirls，itmightjustbeareasonableresponsetostandardsintheworkplace.Womengetworseperformancereviewsthanmen，likethatyou’re“bossy”ifyou’reoverconfidentetc.

Iwouldsuggestthatyouchannelyourinnerschoolgirl.Intheworkplaceyoucan’tstopobvioussexdiscriminationonyourown，butyoucanlearntobeproudofyouraccomplishmentsinamatureway.Whetherothersrespondproperlytothatornot，you’llfeelbetteraboutyourselfattheendoftheday.

语篇解读　研究表明女孩子比男孩子更容易谈论学业成就。

6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bragging”inthesecondparagraphreferto?

A．Talkingtooproudly.

B．Speakinghighlyof.

C．Payingmoreattention.

D．Expressingdishonestly.

答案　A

解析　词义猜测题。

根据第一段中的“...girlsaremorelikelytotalkaboutschoolsuccessesthanboys.”可知，女孩子比男孩子更有可能谈论在学校的种种成就，而且bragging与前面的modest意义相反，不谦虚即为过度骄傲。

故选A。

7．Whatcanweknowaboutgirls?

A．Girlsdon’tlikementioningtheiracademicsuccesses.

B．Girlsconsidertheirsuccessesarebeneficialtotheirfriendship.

C．Girlswouldliketoactlikeaclowninclasstobereallycool.

D．Girlsfinditmuchhardertocontrolthemselvesthanboys.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

根据第三段第二句“Girlsthinkthattalkingabouttheiracademicsuccesseswillbuildfriendships.”可知，女孩子认为谈论学习上的成就可以建立友谊，故选B。

8．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph5?

A．Males’successhasnorelationtotheireducationalbackground.

B．Males’successreliesonphysicalstrengthandlessoneducation.

C．Females’normalpridemaybehasabadeffectonthemselves.

D．Females’prideeasilymakesthemgetbetterperformancereviews.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

根据第五段中的“...normalprideingirlsturnsintoarrogance（傲慢）andbossybehaviorinadultwomen.”，即女孩子们正常的骄傲会转变为成年女性的傲慢，可知选C。

9．Whatistheauthor’ssuggestiontoadultfemales?

A．Listentowhatotherschoolgirlsaroundthemaresaying.

B．Keepanormalattitudetotheirachievementsinwork.

C．Beproudoftheirachievementsastheywereyoung.

D．Trytofeelbetteraboutthemselvesatanyplace.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

根据最后一段首句“Iwouldsuggestthatyouchannelyourinnerschoolgirl.”可知，作者建议成年女性要有正确的心态，故选B。

10．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A．Sexdiscriminationisnotgoodforwomen.

B．Educationalattainmentisnottoboys’advantage.

C．Boysliketoactasaclassclownleadingtobadgrades.

D．Girlspaymoreattentiontoacademicsuccessesthanboys.

答案　D

解析　主旨大意题。

根据第一段以及最后一段的内容可知，本文主要讲述了女孩子无论在学校还是在工作上都比男孩子更容易谈论成就，故选D。

C

（2016·南开区一模）

Doyouwanttolivewithastrongsenseofpeacefulness，happiness，goodness，andself-respect？

Thecollectionofhappinessactionsbroadlycategorizedas“honor”helpsyoucreatethislifeofgoodfeelings.

Here’sanexampletoshowhowhonorableactionscreatehappiness.

Sayastoreclerkfailstochargeusforanitem.Ifwekeepsilent，andprofitfromtheclerk’smistake，wewoulddrivehomewithasenseofsneakyexcitement.Laterwemighttellourfamilyorfriendsaboutourgoodfortune.Ontheotherhand，ifwetelltheclerkabouttheunchargeditem，theclerkwouldbegratefulandthankusforourhonesty.Wewouldleavethestorewithaquietsenseofhonorthatwemightneversharewithanothersoul.

Then，whatisittodowithoursenseofhappiness?

Inthefirstcase，wherewedon’ttelltheclerk，acoupleofthingswouldhappen.Deepdowninsidewewouldknowourselvesasatypeofthief.Intheprocess，wewouldlosesomepeaceofmindandself-respect.Wewouldalsodemonstratethatwecannotbetrusted，sinceweadvertiseourdishonorbytellingourfamilyandfriends.Wedamageourownreputationsbytellingothers.Incontrast，bringingtheerrortotheclerk’sattentioncausesdifferentthingstohappen.Immediatelytheclerkknowsustobehonorable.Uponleavingthestore，wefeelhonorableandourself-respectisincreased.Wheneverwetakehonorableactionwegainthedeepinternalrewardsofgoodnessandasenseofnobility.

Thereisabeautifulpositivecyclethatiscreatedbylivingalifeofhonorableactions.Honorablethoughtsleadtohonorableactions.Honorableactionsleadustoahappierexistence.Andit’seasytothinkandacthonorablyagainwhenwe’rehappy.Whilethepositivecyclecanbedifficulttostart，onceit’sstarted，it’seasytocontinue.Keepingondoinggooddeedsbringsuspeaceofmind，whichisimportantforourhappiness.

语篇解读　本文为议论文，题材为社会生活。

本文的中心思想为“快乐源自我们自身的善举”。

11．Accordingtothepassage，thepositiveactionintheexamplecontributestoour.

A．self-respectB．financialrewards

C．advertisingabilityD．friendlyrelationship

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。

第三段尾句“Wewouldleavethestorewithaquietsenseofhonor...”和第五段