英国文学史知识梳理知识讲解.docx

英国文学史知识梳理知识讲解.docx

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英国文学史知识梳理知识讲解

英国文学史知识梳理

1、TheAnglo-SaxonPeriod（449-1066）

Theliterature：

Twodivisions:

paganandChristian

TheSongofBeowulf：

theeventswhichtookplaceontheContinentatthebeginningofthe6thCentury，Thepoemtellsofahero,aScandinavianprincenamedBeowulf,whoridstheDanesofthemonsterGrendel,halfmanandhalffiend,andGrendel'smother,whocomesthateveningtoavengeGrendel'sdeath.FiftyyearslaterBeowulf,nowkingofhisnativeland,fightsadragonwhohasdevastatedhispeople.BothBeowulfandthedragonaremortallywoundedinthefight.ThepoemendswithBeowulf'sfuneral.

Theme：

theprimitivepeople’sstruggleagainsthostileforcesofthenaturalworldunderawiseandmightyleader.

2、TheAnglo-NormanPeriod（1066-1350）

TheLiterature：

TheliteraturewhichtheybroughttoEnglandisremarkableforitsbright,romantictalesofloveandadventure（Romance）,inmarkedcontrastwiththestrengthandsomberness（朴实无华）ofAnglo-Saxonpoetry（Epic）.

ExplanationofSirGawainandGreenKnight：

Twomotifs（主题）1.Thetestoffaith,courage,purity2.Thetestofhumanweaknessforself-preservation

3、GeoffreyChaucer（1340?

-1400）

Characteristics①Hisallegoriesandsymbolsarealreadytingedwithrealisticimages②Chaucer’spoemisdistinguishedforitsprofounddelineationofcharacterandtruthfuldescriptionofhumanrelations.

TheCanterburyTales：

TheHost（HarryBaily）proposesastorytellingcontesttopassthetime;eachofthe30pilgrims（includingthepoet）istotellfourtalesontheroundtrip.

MajorWork:

1.TheLegendofGoodWomen好女人的故事2.TheHouseofFame声誉殿堂

3.TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集4.TroilusandCressida特洛伊勒斯和克莱西

5.TheParliamentofFowls百鸟会议

4、TheRenaissance（16thCentury）

Twofeatures：

1.Athirstingcuriosityforclassicalliterature.2.Thekeeninterestinlifeandhumanactivities.

1.WilliamShakespeare（1564-1616）

ThreePeriodsofhisDramaticCareeranditscharacteristics

（1）theyearsfrom1590to1600,arecharacterizedfromadegreebyformalandratherobviousconstructionandbystylizedversetohighlyindividualized.

Comedies:

1）TheMerchantofVince,威尼斯商人2）AMidsummerNight’sDream,仲夏夜之梦TwelfthNight,第十二夜3）AsYouLikeIt.（皆大欢喜）4）TheComedyofErrors,5）TheMerryWivesofWindow,theyearsfrom1601to1608,themostprofoundofhisworks.

Tragedies:

1）Hamlet哈姆雷特2）KingLear李尔王3）Macbeth麦克白4）Othello奥赛罗5）RomeoandJuliet罗密欧与朱丽叶6）TimonofAthens.（雅典的泰门）theperiodfrom1609-1612,principalromantictragicomedies.

TheThemesofHamlet：

newthemes:

1.theimpossibilityofcertainty;2.thecomplexityofaction;3themysteryofdeath;4.itsexplorationintoman’sinnerworld,intohumanpsychologythroughaseriesofsoliloquy（自言自语，独白）.

TraditionalaspectsofThemes：

1.Hesitation:

2.InheritedSinandCorruption（人生而有罪和堕落）:

3.SonsSeekingRevenge4.Deception:

DeceptionmakesupamajormotifinHamlet.5.Ambition6.Loyalty:

7.Madness8.EmptyExistence

FeaturesofShakespeare’sDrama：

1）.oneofthefoundersofrealisminworldlit.2）Skilledinmanypoeticforms.3）.AgreatmasteroftheEnglishlanguage

Petrarchansonnet:

Theoctaveiseightlineslong,andtypicallyfollowsarhymeschemeofABBAABBA,orABBACDDC.Thesestetoccupiestheremainingsixlinesofthepoem,andtypicallyfollowsarhymeschemeofCDCDCD,orCDECDE.

Shakespeareansonnet:

ABABCDCDEFEFGGThesonnet18,16

TheSpencerianSonnet:

ABABBCBCCDCDEEOnHisBlindness

2.FrancisBacon（1561-1626）

Majorworks:

1）AdvancementofLearning学术的进展2）NewInstrument新工具3）NewAtlantis新大西岛;4）Essays随笔（OfTruth;OfFriendship;OfStudies论学习;OfWisdomforaMan’sSelf）

五、ThePeriodofRevolution&Restoration（17thCentury）

Literarycharacteristics:

Confusion;Absenceofanyfixedstandardofliterarycriticism;

1.JohnDonne（1572-1631）Metaphysicalpoets

AValediction:

forbiddingmourning

Theme:

Real,completeloveunitesnotonlythebodiesofahusbandandwifebutalsotheirsouls.Suchspiritualloveistranscendent,metaphysical,keepingtheloverstogetherintellectuallyandspirituallyeventhoughthecircumstancesofeverydaylifemayseparatetheirbodies. 

Imagery:

Thecircle1.Marriagering2.Pathoftheplanets3.Pathdescribedbyacompass

ThecompassPlanetarytrepidationEarthquakesThegoldValuable,noble,difficulttodestroy

Threekindsofpoets.Puritanpoet（清教徒派诗人）,Cavalierpoet（保皇派诗人）,theMetaphysicalpoet（玄学派诗人）.

Literaryterm:

Metaphysicalpoetry（玄学派诗歌）

2.JohnMilton（1608-1674）AnEnglishPoet

1）ParadiseLost（masterpiece）《失乐园》2）ParadiseRegained《复乐园》3）SamsonAgonistes

《力士参孙》4）Lycidas《利西达斯》5）Areopagitica《论出版自由》6）OntheMorningofChrist’sNativity《基督诞生晨颂》7）L’Allegro《快乐的人》8）OfReformationinEngland《论英国改革》9）DoctrineandDisciplineofDivorce《离婚的戒律与学说》10）Penseroso《幽思的人》11）Comus《科玛斯》

ParadiseLost:

ItisaboutSatan’srebellionagainstGodandtheexpulsion（驱逐）ofAdamandEvefromtheGardenofEden.

Theme:

ThethemeofthepoemisarevoltagainstGod’sauthority

OnHisBlindness:

theme:

GodjudgeshumansonwhethertheylaborforHimtothebestoftheirability.

六、TheAgeofEnlightenmentinEngland（The18thCentury）

1.DanielDefoe:

ThefatheroftheEnglishfiction（英国小说之父）

Majorworks:

1）TheLifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》2）CaptainSingleton《辛格顿船长》3）MollFlanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》4）AJournalofthePlagueYear《大疫年日记》5）Roxana《罗克萨娜》

THEADVENTURESOFROBINSONCRUSOE

Theme:

thepoweroftheaveragemantopreservelifeandtoorganizeeconomyinthefaceofunpromisingenvironment.

2.JonathanSwift（1667-1745）OneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishprose;十八世纪杰出的政治家和讽刺小说家

MajorWorks：

1）ATaleofaTub《一个木桶的故事》2）BattleoftheBooks《书籍之战》3）JournaltoStella《给斯黛拉的信》4）TheDrapier’sLetters《布商的信》5）AModestProposal《一个温和的建议》

Gulliver’sTravels《格列佛游记》：

Lilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国

FlyingIsland飞岛国Houyhnhnm马岛国

Swiftstyle:

simple,clear,vigorouslanguage;directandpreciseprose;amastersatirist;deadly（非常有效的）irony;powerfulsatire.

3.RobertBurns（1759-1796）:

ScottishpoetandwriteroftraditionalScottishfolksongs.

1）ARedRedRose一朵红红的玫瑰2）AuldLongnSyne往昔时光3）JohnAnderson,MyJo约翰爱德生，我的爱人4）AMan’saManforAThat不管那一套5）MyHeart’sintheHighlands我的心在那高原上

七、The19thRomantic

HistoryBackground:

（1）.IndustrialRevolutionandFrenchRevolutionhadastronginfluenceinBritainliterature.

（2）Fightingfor“Liberty,EqualityandFraternity”alsobecomesBritishnationalspirit.

1.WilliamWordsworth（1770-1850）与SamuelTaylorColeridge,RobertSouthey同被称为LakePoets（湖畔诗人）

Characteristics:

Wordsworth’spoetryisdistinguishedbypurityandsimplicityofhislanguagewhichwasspokenbythepeasantswhoconveytheirfeelingsandemotionsinsimpleandunelaborated（坦率的）expressions.

MajorWork:

LinesComposedaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey“丁登寺杂咏”

WanderedLonelyasaCloud“我独自漫游像一朵浮云”ThePrelude序曲

TheExcursion远足LyricalBalas抒情歌谣集TheSolitaryReaper”“孤独的收割者”

2.GeorgeGordonByron（1788-1824））heisoneofthemostexcellentrepresentativesofEnglishRomanticismandoneofthemostinfluentialpoetsofthetime.

Majorworks:

1）HoursofIdleness（1807）《闲暇时刻》

2）TheEnglishBardsandScottReviewers（1809）《英国诗人和苏格兰评论家》

3）ChildHaroldPilgrimage（1sttwocantos1812,thelatercantos1816-1818）《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》writteninSpenserianstanza.4）TheGiaour《异教徒》5）Lara（1814）《莱拉》

6）TheCorsair（1814）《海盗》7）DonJuan（1819-1824）《唐璜》masterpiece8）TheVisionofJudgment《审判的幻景》9）Cain该隐10）ShewalksinBeauty她走在美的光影里

Thecharacteristicofhispoems:

Byron’spoemsshowenergyandvigor,romanticdaring（bold,brave）andpowerfulpassion.

3.PersyByssheShelly:

oneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoets.

Majorworks:

1）Zastrozzi,《柴斯特罗齐》2）TheNecessityofAtheism,《无神论的必要性》

3）QueenMab,《仙后麦布》4）PrometheusUnbound,《解放了的普罗米修斯》

5）“TheOdestotheWestWind”,“西风颂6）TheMasqueofAnarchy,《暴政的行列》

7）ADefenceofPoetry,《诗之辩护》8）TheTriumphofLife,《革命的胜利行列》

4.JohnKeats“Beautyistruth,truthbeauty”.

Majorworks:

1）“OSolitude”,“孤寂”2）“OnFirstLookingintoChapman’sHomer”,“初读查普曼译荷马史诗”3）Poems，《诗集》，hisfirstbook.4）Endymion,《恩底弥翁》hisfirstlongpoem.5）Isabella,《伊莎贝拉》6）Hyperion,《许佩里翁》7）Lamia，《莱米亚》.

Thegreatodes:

（1）OnaGrecianUrn，“希腊古瓮颂”.

（2）ToPsyche，“心灵颂”.（3）OnMelancholy，“哀感”.（4）ToAutumn，“秋颂”.

Thecharacteristicofhispoetry,characterizedbyexactandclosely-knitconstruction,sensualdescriptions,andbyforceofimagination,givestranscendentalvaluestothephysicalbeautyoftheworld.

5.JaneAustin:

oneoftherealisticnovelists.

Majorworks:

NorthangerAbbey《诺桑觉寺》SenseandSensibility《理智与情感》

PrideandPrejudice《傲慢与偏见》MansfieldPark《曼斯菲尔德花园》

.Emma《爱玛》Persuasion《劝告》

Thecharacteristicofhernovel:

1）Shedrewvividandrealisticpicturesofeverydaylifeofthecountrysociety2）mainconcernisabouthumanbeingsintheirpersonalrelations,humanbeingswiththeirfamiliesandneighbors3）Storiesofloveandmarriage

PrideandPrejudice：

Mainidea:

Thebookmainlytellsthelovestorybetweenarich,proudyoungmanDarcyandthebeautifulandintelligentElizabethBennet.Noneofthedaughtersofthewealthyfamilycaninherittheestate（property）ofthefamilyforithasbeenentailed（把遗产留给）uponthenearestmaleheir,WilliamCollins.CollinsintendstomarryandhedecidestochooseElizabeth.ButElizabethrejectshisproposal.WhenanotheryoungmancalledDarcyproposestoElizabeth,shehasprejudiceagainsthimbecauseshethinksthathehasnothingbutpride.Aftermanytwistsandturns,misunderstandingdisappearsandtheyarehappilyunited.

Theme:

1）prideandprejudice2）loveandmarriage

八、TheVictorianAge

TheMainlythreekindsofliteratureanditscharacteristics

1）theChartistliterature2）EnglishCriticalRealism3）Victorianpoetry

1.CharlesDickens

Majorworks:

1）OliverTwist《雾都孤儿》2）ThePickwickPapers«匹克威克外传»

3）