英国文学史常耀信重点知识.docx
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英国文学史常耀信重点知识
英国文学史常耀信重点知识
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点
1.Beowulf:
nationalepicoftheEnglishpeople;Denmarkstory;alliteration,metaphorsandunderstatements(此处可能会有填空,选择等小题)
2.Romance(名词解释)
3.“SirGawainandtheGreenKnight”:
afamousromanaboutKingArthur’sstory
4.Ballad(名词解释)
5.CharacterofRobinHood
6.GeoffreyChaucer:
founderofEnglishpoetry;TheCanterburyTales(maincontents;124storiesplanned,only24finished;writteninMiddleEnglish;significance;form:
heroiccouplet)
7.Heroiccouplet(名词解释)8.Renaissance(名词解释)9.ThomasMore——Utopia
10.Sonnet(名词解释)11.Blankverse(名词解释)12.EdmundSpenser“TheFaerieQueene”
13.FrancisBacon“essays”esp.“OfStudies”(推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读)
14.WilliamShakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。
他的sonnet也很重要,最重要属sonnet18。
(其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读)
15.JohnMilton三大史诗非常重要,特别是ParadiseLost和SamsonAgonistes。
对于ParadiseLost需要知道它是blankverse写成的,故事情节来自OldTestament,另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。
16.JohnBunyan——ThePilgrim’sProgress
17.FounderoftheMetaphysicalschool——JohnDonne;featuresoftheschool:
philosophicalpoems,complexrhythmsandstrangeimages.
18.Enlightenment(名词解释)
19.Neoclassicism(名词解释)
20.RichardSteele——“TheTatler”
21.JosephAddison——“TheSpectator”这个比上面那个要重要,注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样,它虚构了一系列的人物,以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文,这一部分要仔细读。
22.Steel’sandAddison’sstylesandtheircontributions
23.AlexanderPope:
“EssayonCriticism”,“EssayonMan”,“TheRapeofLock”,“TheDunciad”;hisworkmanship(features)andlimitations
24.JonathanSwift:
“Gulliver’sTravels”此书非常重要,要知道具体内容,就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称,和每个部分具体的讽刺对象;(我们主要讲了三个地方)“AModestProposal”比较重要,要注意作者用的irony也就是反讽手法。
25.Theriseandgrowthoftherealisticnovelisthemostprominentachievementof18thcenturyEnglishliterature.
26.DanielDefoe:
“RobinsonCrusoe”,“MollFlanders”,当然是RobinsonCrusoe比较重要,剧情要清楚,RobinsonCrusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形,以及殖民主义的萌芽。
另外注意Defoe的style和feature,另外Defoe是forerunnerofEnglishrealisticnovel。
27.SamuelRichardson——“Pamela”(firstepistolarynovel),“ClarissaHarlowe”,“SirCharlesGrandison”
28.HenryFielding:
“JosephAndrews”,“JonathanWild”,“TomJones”第一个和第三个比较重要,需要仔细看。
他是一个比较重要的作家,另外Fielding也被称为fatheroftheEnglishnovel.
29.LaurenceSterne——“TristramShandy”项狄传
30.RichardSheridan——“TheSchoolforScandal”
31.OliverGoldsmith——“TheTraveller”(poem),“TheDesertedVillage”(poem)(bothtwopoemswerewrittenbyheroiccouplet),“TheVicarofWakefield”(novel),“TheGood-NaturedMan”(comedy),“ShestoopstoConquer”(comedy),“TheCitizenoftheWorld”(collectionofessays)
32.Sentimentalism(名词解释)
33.ThomasGray——“ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard”(英国诗歌里非常著名的一首,曾经被誉为“有史以来英国诗歌里最好的一首”)(arepresentativeofsentimentalismandgraveyardschoolofpoets墓园派诗人)
*GraveyardSchool/Poets”:
Atermappliedtoeighteenth-centurypoetswhowrotemeditativepoems,usuallysetinagraveyard,onthethemeofhumanmortality,inmoodswhichrangefromelegiacpensivenesstoprofoundgloom.ThevogueresultedinoneofthemostwidelyknownEnglishpoems,ThomasGray’s“Elegywritteninacountrychurchyard”.ThewritingofgraveyardpoemsspreadfromEnglandtoContinentalliteratureinthesecondpartofthecenturyandalsoinfluencedsomeAmericanpoets.
34.Inthelatterhalfofthe18thcentury,Pre-Romanticism;representative:
WilliamBlakeandRobertBurns.
35.ThomasPercy——“ReliquesofAncientEnglishpoetry”许多中古的民谣都是在这个时期重新收集和整理起来的,这个集子是那个时代比较有名的一个民谣集。
36.WilliamBlake比较重要,需要对主要作品有所了解,特别是SongsofInnocence和SongsofExperience,这两本集子的contrast一定要注意,另外Blake的写作特点也要注意,比如语言的简单明了,神秘主义氛围等。
37.RobertBurns伟大的苏格兰民族诗人,ARedRedRose,ScotsWhaHae,AuldLangSyne等名诗,写作特点:
Scottishdialect;apoetofpeasantandScottishpeople;plainlanguage;influencefromScottishfolksongsandballads;musicalqualityofhispoems.
ASurveyofBritishLiterature
I.EarlyandMedievalLiterature(Unit2)
1.threeconquests
2.themedievalperiod:
476A.D—the15thcentury
3.Anglo-SaxonPeriod(449-1066):
--oraltraditions;
--“Beowulf”:
thenationalepic
--Caedmon:
thefirstknownEnglishreligiouspoet
4.Anglo-NormanPeriod(1066-15thcentury):
--Popularityofromancens;
--Chaucer:
thefatherofEnglishpoetry;
--Balladsdeveloped;
5.“Beowulf”
--longest;anepic;features(PaganandChristiancoloring;kenning;metaphor)
6.Romance
--Definition:
Itisanarrativeverseofprosesingingknightlyadventuresorotherheroicdeeds.Romancesarepopularinthemedievalperiod.
--“SirGawainandtheGreenKnight”
7.GeoffreyChaucer
--thefatherofEnglishliterature/poetry;
--TheCanterburyTales:
adoublefiction;theWifeofBath’sprologue;TheWifeofBath’sTale;heroiccouplet)
8.Ballad:
--Definition:
Astorytoldinsong,usuallyinfourlinestanzas,withthe2ndandthe4thlinesrhymed.
--RobinHoodBallads.
9.Appreciation:
--from“Beowulf”
--from“TheCanterburyTales”
II.TheRenaissance(Unit3,Unit4,Unit5,Unit6)
1.threediscoveries
2.Renaissance
--athristingcuriosityforclassicalliterature;
--akeeninterestinlifeandhumanactivities.
3.Humanism
--individualism;thejoyofthepresentlife;reason;theaffirmationofself-worth
--Humanismemphasizesthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife.Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecenteroftheuniverseandmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthepresentlife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.
4.Sonnet:
--Definition:
Itisapoemof14linesthatfollowsastrictrhymeschemeandspecificstructure;itexpressesasingleideaortheme.(ThomasWyattfirstintroducedittoEngland)
5.Shakespeareansonnet:
--Definition:
AShakespeareansonnetconsistsofthreefour-line stanzas (called quatrains)andafinal couplet composedin iambicpentameterwiththerhyme scheme ababcdcdefefgg.
6.Blankverse:
havingaregularmeter,butnorhyme.(HenryHoward,EarlofSurrey)
7.Spenserianstanza:
--Definition:
Eachstanzacontainsninelinesintotal:
eightlinesiniambicpentameterfollowedbyasingle'Alexandrine'lineiniambichexameter.Therhymeschemeoftheselinesis"ababbcbcc."
8.Appreciation:
--EdmundSpenserand“TheFaerieQueene”(writteninblankverse)
--ThomasMoreand“Utopia”
--ChristopherMarlowe’sDr.Faustus(Appreication);Tamburlaine;TheJewofMalta;ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove;
--Sonnet18byShakespeare(“ShallICompareTheetoaSummer’sDay”):
time,mortality,immortality
9.ThefirstEnglishessayist:
FrancisBacon(“OfStudies”)
10.Elizabethantheatre—thegoldenageofEnglishdrama;
11.Shakespeareancomedies:
AsYouLikeIt;TheMerchantofVenice;AMidsummerNight‘sDream;MuchAdoAboutNothing;TwelfthNight
12.Shakespeareantragedies:
Macbeth;KingLear;Hamlet;Othello
13.Shakespeareancomedies:
--Features:
clowns,servants,jesters,fools;dramaticirony;mistakenidentity,cross-dressing;
--Patterns:
TheGreenWorldPattern(Sample:
AMid-summerNight’sDream)
19.Shakespeareantragedies:
--Features:
characters;structure;soliloquy;traveling;theroleoffate/chance
20.Appreciation:
--“Tobe,ornottobe”(fromHamlet)(Hamlet’sdilemma)
--“Tommorrow,tomorrow,…”(fromMacbeth)(Mabethistiredoftheworld;boredwithlife;metaphors:
)
III.ThePeriodofRevolutionandRestoration(the17thcentury)(Unit7)
1.17th:
thebeginningofmodernEngland;
2.Cavalierpoets:
--Reflectedtheroyalistvalues;
--Themes:
beauty,love,loyalty,morality;
--Style:
Direct,short,franklyerotic
--Motto:
“CarpeDiem”“SeizetheDay”
--RobertHerrick,BenJohnson,RochardLovelace,etc;
--Appreciation:
“TotheVirgins,toMakeMuchofTime”(Herrick;“toseizetheday”)
3.Metaphysicalschool:
--thefounderoftheMetaphysicalschool:
JohnDonne
--conceit:
anextendedmetahporinvolvingdramaticcontrastsorfar-fetchedcomparisons;
--JohnDonne’slovepoems:
“TheFlea”;“Valediction:
ForbiddenMourning”(Appreciation)
--AndrewMarvell:
“ToHisCoyMistress”
4.Puritanwriters:
--JohnBunyanh:
“ThePilgrim’sProgress”(areligiousallegory)
--JohnMilton:
“ParadiseLost”(basedonTheOldTestament)(‘ParadiseRegained”;“SamsonAgonistes”)(Appreciation)
IV.The18thCenturyLiterature—TheAgeofEnlightenment(Unit8andUnit9)
1.18thcentury:
thegoldenageofEnglishnovels
2.Enlightenment
--anintellectualmovementinEuropeinthe18thcentury;
--Reasonastheguidingprincipleforthinkingandaction;
--thebeliefineternaltruth,eternaljustice,naturalequality;
--acontinuationofRenaissance;
(Beliefinthepossibilityofhumanperfectionthrougheducation).
3.Neo-classicism:
--Arevivalofclassicalstandardsoforder,harmony,balance,simplicityandrestrained
emotioninliteratureinthe18thcentury.
--AlexanderPope
4.“EssayonCriticism”byAlexanderPope
--amanifestoofneoclassicism;
--Appreciation:
“ALittleLearningisaDangerousThing…”(learningasmountainclimbing;inadequatelearningmayimpairabalancedapprecationofapoem).
5.Realisticnovels:
--JonathanSwift;Gulliver’sTravels;AModestProposal;ATaleofaTub;TheBattleoftheBooks;
--DanielDefoe:
RobinsonCrusoe;(Appreciation)
--HenryFielding:
TomJones;JosephAndrews;JonathanWildetheGreat;
6.Sentimentalism
--themiddleandlaterdecadesofthe18thc.;
--definition:
passionoverreason,personalinstinctsoversocialduties;thereturnofthepatriarchaltimes;lamentingoverthedestructiveeffectsofindustrialization
--OliverGoldsmith,ThomasGray,etc.
7.TheGraveyardSchool
--subjects,style;
--ThomasGray’s“Elegywritteninacountrychurchyard”:
structure;theme;(Appreciation)
8.Pre-romanticism:
--thelatterhalfo