高考英语二轮考点复习讲义 阅读理解 世界与环境.docx

高考英语二轮考点复习讲义 阅读理解 世界与环境.docx

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高考英语二轮考点复习讲义阅读理解世界与环境

2013高考英语二轮考点复习讲义：

阅读理解-世界与环境

1.我们居住的地球的环境特点以及很多自然灾害的现象。

2.由于人类的破坏，地球变化带来的一些事件。

3.一些提倡保护我们居住的环境，提高环保意识的各种环保行为和活动。

4.介绍一些环保的产品，及其带来的好处。

5.保持环境的自然、进行有效再循环的话题。

·链接高考

链接1.（2012山东卷）

ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru'sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.

Forthousandsofyears,PolynesianpeoplelivedontheremoteislandofNauru,farfromwesterncivilization,thefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFeamin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter,awhalingship,HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.

However,becauseitwasveryremote,NauruhadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thenwhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisit,bringinggunsandalcohol.Theseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsontheisland.Aten-yearcivilwarstarted,whichreducedthepopulationfrom1,400to900.

Nauru'srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingcompanydiscoveredphosphate（磷酸盐）ontheisland.Infact,itfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphate,whichisaveryimportantfertilizerforfanning.Thecompanybeganminingthephosphate.

Aphosphatemineisnotaholeintheground;itisastripmine.Whenacompanystrip-mines,itremovesthetoplayerofsoilThenutakesawaythematerialitwants.Strip-miningtotallydestroysdieland.Gradually,thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon.

In1968,Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Everyyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsandmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphate

Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizeddialtheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000,Nauruwasalmostfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.

56.Whatmightbetheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.ToseekhelpforNauru'sproblems.

B.Togiveawarningtoothercountries.

C.Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.

D.Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.

57.WhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?

A.Richandpowerful.B.Modemandopen.

C.Peacefulandattractive.D.Greedyandaggressive.

58.TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom______.

A.soilpollutionB.phosphateovermining

C.farmingactivityD.whalehunting

59.WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru'sfinancialproblem?

A.Itsleadersmisusedthemoney.

B.Itspenttoomuchrepairingtheisland.

C.Itsphosphateminingcostmuchmoney.

D.Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.

60.WhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?

A.Theecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.

B.Theleaderswilltaketheexperts'wordsseriously.

C.TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruans.

D.Thephosphateminesweredestroyed.

【难度】一般

59.【答案】A

【试题解析】细节理解题。

根据最后一段前两句和最后三句可知，Nauru的领导者对金钱的错误使用致使这个国家陷入了财政困难，故答案选A。

链接2.（2012北京卷）

“Inwilderness（荒野）isthepreservationoftheworld.”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection:

whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.

AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout,thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild,theuntouched;morethananythingelse,theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong,andthedangerexploitation（开发）bringstosuchlandscapes（景观）isreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed—therainforests,forexample,storecarboninvastquantities.ToMr.Sauven,these”ecosystemservices”faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation.

LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation.ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth,andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives,ratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival.Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved,thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials,andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide,theargumentgoes,thereisnofurtherreasonnottodoso.Beinguntouchedisnot,initself,acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers.

Ilookforwardstoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther,andtotheirbeingchallengedbytheotherparticipants.Onechallengethatsuggestsitselftomeisthatbothcasesneedtotakeonthequestionofspiritualvaluealittlemoredirectly.Andthereisapracticalquestionastowhetherwildernessescanbeexploitedwithoutharm.

Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings,butalsotheguidanceofreason.Whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldobviouslydeservesmuchmoreseriousthinking.

67.JohnSauvenholdsthat_____.

A.manypeoplevaluenaturetoomuch

B.exploitationofwildernessesisharmful

C.wildernessesprovidehumanswithnecessities

D.theurgetodeveloptheecosystemservicesisstrong

68.WhatisthemainideaofPara.3?

A.Theexploitationisnecessaryforthepoorpeople.

B.Wildernessescannotguaranteebetteruseofrawmaterials.

C.Usefulservicesofwildernessesarenotthereasonfornoexploitation.

D.Allthecharacteristicsconcerningtheexploitationshouldbetreatedequally.

69.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthisdebate?

A.Objective.B.Disapproving.

C.Sceptical.D.Optimistic.

70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?

A.

B.

C.

D.

CP:

CentralPointP:

PointSp:

Sub-point（次要点）C:

Conclusion

【试题解析】短文在最后一段提到“Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings,butalsotheguidanceofreason.Whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldobviouslydeservesmuchmoreseriousthinking.”。

由此结合上文可知，作者对于双方的辩论是持着客观的态度，A选项与此相符。

因此，正确答案为A选项。

【难度】一般

70.【答案】D

【试题解析】短文在第1段提出问题，在第2段和第3段分别列出了两方面的观点，第4段作者对两种观点谈了自己的看法，最后一段是全文的结论部分。

由此可知，D选项就是短文的结构框架。

因此，正确答案为D选项。

【难度】一般

链接3.2010福建卷

Largercompanieshaveanextramotivationtolookatreducingtheircarbonfootprint,asnewrulesnextyearwillrequirebusinessestobuycarbonallowancestomakeupfortheiremissions（排放）.Thosethathavetakenearlyactionwillhaveaheadstart.Morethantwothirdsofconsumersarenotclearaboutwhichcompaniesareenvironmentallyresponsible.Thissuggeststhatfirmsthatareabletorelayclearlytheirmessagetothepublicwillbeinapolepositiontoattractshoppers.

TheCarbonTrustbelievesthatitcanhelpbyinformingcustomersaboutthegoodworkcompaniesaredoing.“Whencompaniesaregranted（授予）thestandard,theycanusealogo（标识）inalltheirmarketingwhichmakesitclearthattheyareworkingtowardscuttingemissions,”Mr.Morrisonsaid.

64．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

A．Businessesarefindingwaystosendtheirmessagetotheshoppers.

B．Companieswillsoongetinformationaboutcuttingcarbonemissions.

C．Firmsaremakingeffortstoencouragecustomerstokeepgoodsathome.

D．Firmsareurgedtocutcarbonemissionsbyshoppers’environmentalawareness.

65．Theunderlinedword“inform”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.

A．affectB．changeC．disturbD．reject

66．AccordingtoHarryMorrison,businesses.

A．willbenefitfromcuttingcarbonemissions

B．shouldbuycarbonallowancesforshoppers

C．arerequiredtomakeupfortheircarbonemissions

D．haveencouragedshopperstotaketheircustomelsewhere

67．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatbusinesseswill.

A．haveastrongdesiretoreducecosts

B．usethesamelogointheirmarketing

C．gainadvantagesbytakingearlyaction

D．attractmoreshoppersbystoringgoods

分析解读：

65.很多考生认为时今年和去年的购买对于环境的考虑发生了变化，从而选择了B项，实际这是由于没有仔细分析，仅从字面意思了解得出的错误结论。

如果考生把这一段仔细解读一下，在理解的前提下，再找一下关键词汇，例如：

awareof,effect等，就会觉得affect这个选项好了。

67.本题有不少考生选择了A项，因为他们觉得既然减排对企业有利，那么一些企业必然会有很大的愿望减排。

实际本篇文章的第一句就表明了减排对企业是一个困难的时间，因此企业开始应该是没有意愿减排的，本文是来描述减排的好处，给企业以提醒的，因此选C。

·专项训练

A

Haveyoueverhadagreatideaabouthowtocleanupaparkorstartarecyclingprogram?

TheGloriaBarronPrizeforYoungHeroesrewardskidswhohaveputtheirideasintoaction.Everyyear,theBarronPrizechoosestenwinnersnationwidewhohavemadeapositivedifferencetotheircommunityandtheplanet.

StefanieLacy,an18-year-oldfromTexas,createdthefirstsuccessfulrecyclingprograminhertown.AndWhitneyBoulton,an18-year-oldfromNewYork,organizeda"StreamTeam"tocleanupalocalriver.

WhenStefaniemovedfromSanAntoniotoasmalltown,alsoinTexas,shenoticedthathernewtowndidnothavearecyclingprogram.Ratherthanjustthrowingawayhertrash,Stefaniedecidedtotakeaction.Shewenttohercitycouncilandadvisedaddingarecyclingprogram.Then,shecontactedthenearestrecyclingcenter.Andaftersometime,sheconvincedittoplaceabininhertown.

Todaytheprogramisinitsfourthyear.

Sofartheprogramhasrecycledmorethan459tonsofpaperandsavedover$22,000intrash-disposalexpenses.

Whitneywasinspiredtotakeactionwhileonawalkinhertown.Shepassedariverthatherfatherhadknownasachild.

1.WhocanwintheBarronPr