高考英语二轮考点复习讲义 阅读理解 世界与环境.docx
《高考英语二轮考点复习讲义 阅读理解 世界与环境.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考英语二轮考点复习讲义 阅读理解 世界与环境.docx(18页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
高考英语二轮考点复习讲义阅读理解世界与环境
2013高考英语二轮考点复习讲义:
阅读理解-世界与环境
1.我们居住的地球的环境特点以及很多自然灾害的现象。
2.由于人类的破坏,地球变化带来的一些事件。
3.一些提倡保护我们居住的环境,提高环保意识的各种环保行为和活动。
4.介绍一些环保的产品,及其带来的好处。
5.保持环境的自然、进行有效再循环的话题。
·链接高考
链接1.(2012山东卷)
ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru'sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.
Forthousandsofyears,PolynesianpeoplelivedontheremoteislandofNauru,farfromwesterncivilization,thefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFeamin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter,awhalingship,HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.
However,becauseitwasveryremote,NauruhadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thenwhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisit,bringinggunsandalcohol.Theseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsontheisland.Aten-yearcivilwarstarted,whichreducedthepopulationfrom1,400to900.
Nauru'srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingcompanydiscoveredphosphate(磷酸盐)ontheisland.Infact,itfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphate,whichisaveryimportantfertilizerforfanning.Thecompanybeganminingthephosphate.
Aphosphatemineisnotaholeintheground;itisastripmine.Whenacompanystrip-mines,itremovesthetoplayerofsoilThenutakesawaythematerialitwants.Strip-miningtotallydestroysdieland.Gradually,thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon.
In1968,Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Everyyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsandmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphate
Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizeddialtheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000,Nauruwasalmostfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.
56.Whatmightbetheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?
A.ToseekhelpforNauru'sproblems.
B.Togiveawarningtoothercountries.
C.Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.
D.Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.
57.WhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?
A.Richandpowerful.B.Modemandopen.
C.Peacefulandattractive.D.Greedyandaggressive.
58.TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom______.
A.soilpollutionB.phosphateovermining
C.farmingactivityD.whalehunting
59.WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru'sfinancialproblem?
A.Itsleadersmisusedthemoney.
B.Itspenttoomuchrepairingtheisland.
C.Itsphosphateminingcostmuchmoney.
D.Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.
60.WhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?
A.Theecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.
B.Theleaderswilltaketheexperts'wordsseriously.
C.TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruans.
D.Thephosphateminesweredestroyed.
【难度】一般
59.【答案】A
【试题解析】细节理解题。
根据最后一段前两句和最后三句可知,Nauru的领导者对金钱的错误使用致使这个国家陷入了财政困难,故答案选A。
链接2.(2012北京卷)
“Inwilderness(荒野)isthepreservationoftheworld.”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection:
whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.
AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout,thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild,theuntouched;morethananythingelse,theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong,andthedangerexploitation(开发)bringstosuchlandscapes(景观)isreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed—therainforests,forexample,storecarboninvastquantities.ToMr.Sauven,these”ecosystemservices”faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation.
LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation.ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth,andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives,ratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival.Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved,thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials,andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide,theargumentgoes,thereisnofurtherreasonnottodoso.Beinguntouchedisnot,initself,acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers.
Ilookforwardstoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther,andtotheirbeingchallengedbytheotherparticipants.Onechallengethatsuggestsitselftomeisthatbothcasesneedtotakeonthequestionofspiritualvaluealittlemoredirectly.Andthereisapracticalquestionastowhetherwildernessescanbeexploitedwithoutharm.
Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings,butalsotheguidanceofreason.Whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldobviouslydeservesmuchmoreseriousthinking.
67.JohnSauvenholdsthat_____.
A.manypeoplevaluenaturetoomuch
B.exploitationofwildernessesisharmful
C.wildernessesprovidehumanswithnecessities
D.theurgetodeveloptheecosystemservicesisstrong
68.WhatisthemainideaofPara.3?
A.Theexploitationisnecessaryforthepoorpeople.
B.Wildernessescannotguaranteebetteruseofrawmaterials.
C.Usefulservicesofwildernessesarenotthereasonfornoexploitation.
D.Allthecharacteristicsconcerningtheexploitationshouldbetreatedequally.
69.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthisdebate?
A.Objective.B.Disapproving.
C.Sceptical.D.Optimistic.
70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
CP:
CentralPointP:
PointSp:
Sub-point(次要点)C:
Conclusion
【试题解析】短文在最后一段提到“Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings,butalsotheguidanceofreason.Whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldobviouslydeservesmuchmoreseriousthinking.”。
由此结合上文可知,作者对于双方的辩论是持着客观的态度,A选项与此相符。
因此,正确答案为A选项。
【难度】一般
70.【答案】D
【试题解析】短文在第1段提出问题,在第2段和第3段分别列出了两方面的观点,第4段作者对两种观点谈了自己的看法,最后一段是全文的结论部分。
由此可知,D选项就是短文的结构框架。
因此,正确答案为D选项。
【难度】一般
链接3.2010福建卷
Largercompanieshaveanextramotivationtolookatreducingtheircarbonfootprint,asnewrulesnextyearwillrequirebusinessestobuycarbonallowancestomakeupfortheiremissions(排放).Thosethathavetakenearlyactionwillhaveaheadstart.Morethantwothirdsofconsumersarenotclearaboutwhichcompaniesareenvironmentallyresponsible.Thissuggeststhatfirmsthatareabletorelayclearlytheirmessagetothepublicwillbeinapolepositiontoattractshoppers.
TheCarbonTrustbelievesthatitcanhelpbyinformingcustomersaboutthegoodworkcompaniesaredoing.“Whencompaniesaregranted(授予)thestandard,theycanusealogo(标识)inalltheirmarketingwhichmakesitclearthattheyareworkingtowardscuttingemissions,”Mr.Morrisonsaid.
64.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Businessesarefindingwaystosendtheirmessagetotheshoppers.
B.Companieswillsoongetinformationaboutcuttingcarbonemissions.
C.Firmsaremakingeffortstoencouragecustomerstokeepgoodsathome.
D.Firmsareurgedtocutcarbonemissionsbyshoppers’environmentalawareness.
65.Theunderlinedword“inform”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.
A.affectB.changeC.disturbD.reject
66.AccordingtoHarryMorrison,businesses.
A.willbenefitfromcuttingcarbonemissions
B.shouldbuycarbonallowancesforshoppers
C.arerequiredtomakeupfortheircarbonemissions
D.haveencouragedshopperstotaketheircustomelsewhere
67.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatbusinesseswill.
A.haveastrongdesiretoreducecosts
B.usethesamelogointheirmarketing
C.gainadvantagesbytakingearlyaction
D.attractmoreshoppersbystoringgoods
分析解读:
65.很多考生认为时今年和去年的购买对于环境的考虑发生了变化,从而选择了B项,实际这是由于没有仔细分析,仅从字面意思了解得出的错误结论。
如果考生把这一段仔细解读一下,在理解的前提下,再找一下关键词汇,例如:
awareof,effect等,就会觉得affect这个选项好了。
67.本题有不少考生选择了A项,因为他们觉得既然减排对企业有利,那么一些企业必然会有很大的愿望减排。
实际本篇文章的第一句就表明了减排对企业是一个困难的时间,因此企业开始应该是没有意愿减排的,本文是来描述减排的好处,给企业以提醒的,因此选C。
·专项训练
A
Haveyoueverhadagreatideaabouthowtocleanupaparkorstartarecyclingprogram?
TheGloriaBarronPrizeforYoungHeroesrewardskidswhohaveputtheirideasintoaction.Everyyear,theBarronPrizechoosestenwinnersnationwidewhohavemadeapositivedifferencetotheircommunityandtheplanet.
StefanieLacy,an18-year-oldfromTexas,createdthefirstsuccessfulrecyclingprograminhertown.AndWhitneyBoulton,an18-year-oldfromNewYork,organizeda"StreamTeam"tocleanupalocalriver.
WhenStefaniemovedfromSanAntoniotoasmalltown,alsoinTexas,shenoticedthathernewtowndidnothavearecyclingprogram.Ratherthanjustthrowingawayhertrash,Stefaniedecidedtotakeaction.Shewenttohercitycouncilandadvisedaddingarecyclingprogram.Then,shecontactedthenearestrecyclingcenter.Andaftersometime,sheconvincedittoplaceabininhertown.
Todaytheprogramisinitsfourthyear.
Sofartheprogramhasrecycledmorethan459tonsofpaperandsavedover$22,000intrash-disposalexpenses.
Whitneywasinspiredtotakeactionwhileonawalkinhertown.Shepassedariverthatherfatherhadknownasachild.
1.WhocanwintheBarronPr