届高考阅读理解专题阅读细节题分类破解上.docx

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届高考阅读理解专题阅读细节题分类破解上.docx

届高考阅读理解专题阅读细节题分类破解上

2020届高考阅读理解专题阅读细节题分类破解(上)

在高考中,阅读细节题所占的比重最大。

细节题相对容易,做好这类题是确保拿下基础分的关键。

同时,把握细节,准确获取信息。

解答细节题常见的陷阱有:

“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”——即截取原文词语或结构进行改造,对原句做细微改动,如时间、地点、范围、程度、原因和对象等;或者把A的观点说成B的观点等。

解答细节题的方法:

先读题干,锁定题眼,然后带着问题快速扫读文章相关段落,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再对相关部分进行精准的分析对比,找出答案。

倘若有两项说法都正确,就要根据文章主题或主旨进行判断,与主旨一致者即为正确答案。

对于直接事实题,采用对号入座的方式即可解答。

对于间接事实题,考查的内容往往在文中有所隐含,或者选项部分把某处换了个表达方式以此来增加难度。

这种题是多数,要特别重视。

平时要注意同一个意思的多种表达。

为了提高读者的实战水平,下面进行分类讲解,让读者明白各类题的提问规律,提高解题速度和准确度。

一针对时间、地点提问

针对时间、地点提问的常用句式:

1.Whendidtheaccidenthappen?

2.Howlongdidthefightlast?

3.Howoftendothepartnersmeet?

4.Whattimedidtheplanetakeoff?

5.Wheredidtheherofirstcomeacrosstheheroine?

例1:

(2011陕西B)WhenwasthesecondchildofIreneCurieandFredericJoliotborn?

A.In1932.B.In1927.

C.In1897.D.In1926.

原文:

Theysoonfellinloveandweremarriedin1926.TheirdaughterHelenewasbornin1927andtheirsonPierrefiveyearslater.

答案:

A解析:

根据“TheirdaughterHelenewasbornin1927andtheirsonPierrefiveyearslater”可知选A。

例2:

(2011天津C)Accordingtothepassage,wherewouldtheprojectbemoreeasilycarriedout?

A.Inlargecommunitieswithlittlesenseofunity.

B.Inlargecitieswherelibrariesarefarfromhome.

C.Inmedium-sizedcitieswithadiversepopulation.

D.Inlargetownswhereagreementcanbequicklyreached.

原文:

TheonlyproblemaroseinNewYork,wherelocalreaderscouldnotdecideononebooktorepresentthehugeanddiversepopulation.Thismayshowthattheideaworksbestinmedium-sizedcitiesorlargetowns,whereagreatersenseofunity(一致)canbeachieved.OritmayshowthatNewYorkersrathermissedthepoint,puttingalltheirenergy.

答案:

D解析:

根据“Thismayshowthattheideaworksbestinmedium-sizedcitiesorlargetowns,whereagreatersenseofunity(一致)canbeachieved”可知D项正确。

二针对原因提问

针对原因提问的常用句式:

1.Whydoestheauthormention…?

2.Whatisthereason/thecausefor…?

3.Theharboursurvivedthestormowingto______.

4.Thegirlrefusedtoaskforhelpbecauseshethought.

5.TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom_______.

6.Accordingto…,itisdifficultforschoolstoofferthementoringdueto_____.

例:

(2012全国新课标B)Whyisitdifficulttofindawildbees’nest?

A.It’ssmallinsize.

B.It’shiddenintrees.

C.It’scoveredwithwax.

D.It’shardtorecognize.

原文:

Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.

答案:

B解析:

根据“thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem”可知选B。

三针对条件提问

针对条件提问的常用句式:

1.Ifthepriceisreasonable,theshopperwill.

2.Thesoncoulddrivethecaronconditionthat.

3.Theconferencewillbeputoffunless.

例:

(2010湖南A)Ifithasbeenover12hourssinceyoumissedadose,youshould.

A.changetheamountofyournextdose

B.eatmorewhentakingyournextdose

C.haveadoseassoonasyouremember

D.takethenextdoseatyourregulartime

原文:

HOWTOTAKELIPITOR

DO:

’TakeLipitorasprescribedbyyourdoctor.

‘Trytoeatheart-healthyfoodswhileyoutakeLipitor.

‘TakeLipitoratanytimeofday,withorwithoutfood.

‘Ifyoumissadose(一剂),takeitassoonasyouremember.Butifithasbeenmorethan12hourssinceyoumissedadose,wait.Takethenextdoseatyourregulartime.

答案:

D解析:

根据最后一句可知,如果错过了12小时,就等到下一次固定的时间服药。

四针对目的提问

针对目的提问时,有的是针对文中某个细节或某段的;有的是针对全文的写作目的的,此类也属于主旨题和推断题,在后面对应的专题中都会涉及。

此种题型的常用提问句式:

1.Whatis…aimedat?

2.…is…intended/meant/designedfor.

3.Whatdoesthewriterintendtotellus?

4.Whatmightbetheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?

5.Theprogramaimsto_____.

6.ForwhatpurposedidPetercallTracy?

7.Thewritermentions…inorderto.

8.Thewriter’spurposeforwritingthisarticleisto   .

例:

(2012山东A)Whatmightbetheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.ToseekhelpforNauru’sproblems.

B.Togiveawarningtoothercountries.

C.Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.

D.Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.

原文:

ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru’sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.

答案:

B解析:

根据最后一句可知写此文是为了警示其它国家。

五针对方式提问

涉及方式的提问,如果是关于写作方法的就属于主旨题,这里主要探讨细节题。

针对方式提问的常用句式:

1.Inwhatwayisthelibrary“pedestrian-friendly”?

2.HowdoesMr.CoolmanagetotraveltheInformationHighwaysofast?

3.Theauthordevelopsthesecondparagraphmainlyby.

4.ThemainwayofhandlingwasteinagreenmannerinEdinburghis________.

5.Thehoneyguideisspecialintheway____________.

6.ThemethodthewriterusestodevelopParagraph4is_________________.

例:

(2012全国新课标D)Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.

A.presentingresearchfindings

B.settingdowngeneralrules

C.makingacomparison

D.usingexamples

原文:

Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:

Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrials(尝试)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.

Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.

Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.

答案:

D解析:

根据“Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem”可知作者是通过举例说明的方法来解释这个原理的。

故D正确。

六针对人物、事物提问

针对人物、事物提问的常用句式:

1.Whatdidthetouristsmissinthenationalpark?

2.Whatisthefunctionofthenewinvention?

3.Whohelpedthevictimintheend?

4.Forwhomdidthedirectorbuythegift?

例1:

(2011全国卷ⅠE)Whoshouldyougetintouchwithifyouhopetoworkinaradiostation?

A.ProducerVacancies,Kissl00.

B.MrsOglivie,PalmlaceLimited.

C.TheEnterpriseShoppingCentre.

D.WealdenDistrictCouncil.

原文:

Wanted,SomeoneforaKiss

We’relookingforproducerstojoinUSonthesoundofLondonKiss100FM.You’llworkontheStation’smusicprogrammes.Musicproductionexperienceinradioisnecessary,alongwithrichknowledgeofmoderndancemusic.Pleaseapply(申请)inwritingtoProducerVacancies,Kiss100.

答案:

A解析:

根据最后一句可知选A。

例2:

(2011湖北A)Whatlessonhastheauthorlearntfromhisexperience?

A.Learningfromparentsisnecessary.

B.Jumpingtoaconclusionisdangerous.

C.Tellingthetruthmaynotalwaysbethebestsolution.

D.Selectingpleasantwordsmaynotbetheperfectpolicy.

原文:

Asitturnedout,itwasn’tcancer.ButIdidlearnthatwhensomeoneisstressedandworriedabouttheirlovedonethey’resometimesselectiveinwhattheyhear—andasadoctorit’simportanttobemindfulofthis.Inbeingtruthful,I’dmadethesituationworse.

答案:

C解析:

根据“ButIdidlearnthatwhensomeoneisstressedandworriedabouttheirlovedonethey’resometimesselectiveinwhattheyhear—andasadoctorit’simportanttobemindfulofthis.Inbeingtruthful,I’dmadethesituationworse.”可知,由于实话实说,“我”把情况弄得更糟,与C项吻合。

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