届高考阅读理解专题阅读细节题分类破解上.docx
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届高考阅读理解专题阅读细节题分类破解上
2020届高考阅读理解专题阅读细节题分类破解(上)
在高考中,阅读细节题所占的比重最大。
细节题相对容易,做好这类题是确保拿下基础分的关键。
同时,把握细节,准确获取信息。
解答细节题常见的陷阱有:
“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”——即截取原文词语或结构进行改造,对原句做细微改动,如时间、地点、范围、程度、原因和对象等;或者把A的观点说成B的观点等。
解答细节题的方法:
先读题干,锁定题眼,然后带着问题快速扫读文章相关段落,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再对相关部分进行精准的分析对比,找出答案。
倘若有两项说法都正确,就要根据文章主题或主旨进行判断,与主旨一致者即为正确答案。
对于直接事实题,采用对号入座的方式即可解答。
对于间接事实题,考查的内容往往在文中有所隐含,或者选项部分把某处换了个表达方式以此来增加难度。
这种题是多数,要特别重视。
平时要注意同一个意思的多种表达。
为了提高读者的实战水平,下面进行分类讲解,让读者明白各类题的提问规律,提高解题速度和准确度。
一针对时间、地点提问
针对时间、地点提问的常用句式:
1.Whendidtheaccidenthappen?
2.Howlongdidthefightlast?
3.Howoftendothepartnersmeet?
4.Whattimedidtheplanetakeoff?
5.Wheredidtheherofirstcomeacrosstheheroine?
例1:
(2011陕西B)WhenwasthesecondchildofIreneCurieandFredericJoliotborn?
A.In1932.B.In1927.
C.In1897.D.In1926.
原文:
Theysoonfellinloveandweremarriedin1926.TheirdaughterHelenewasbornin1927andtheirsonPierrefiveyearslater.
答案:
A解析:
根据“TheirdaughterHelenewasbornin1927andtheirsonPierrefiveyearslater”可知选A。
例2:
(2011天津C)Accordingtothepassage,wherewouldtheprojectbemoreeasilycarriedout?
A.Inlargecommunitieswithlittlesenseofunity.
B.Inlargecitieswherelibrariesarefarfromhome.
C.Inmedium-sizedcitieswithadiversepopulation.
D.Inlargetownswhereagreementcanbequicklyreached.
原文:
TheonlyproblemaroseinNewYork,wherelocalreaderscouldnotdecideononebooktorepresentthehugeanddiversepopulation.Thismayshowthattheideaworksbestinmedium-sizedcitiesorlargetowns,whereagreatersenseofunity(一致)canbeachieved.OritmayshowthatNewYorkersrathermissedthepoint,puttingalltheirenergy.
答案:
D解析:
根据“Thismayshowthattheideaworksbestinmedium-sizedcitiesorlargetowns,whereagreatersenseofunity(一致)canbeachieved”可知D项正确。
二针对原因提问
针对原因提问的常用句式:
1.Whydoestheauthormention…?
2.Whatisthereason/thecausefor…?
3.Theharboursurvivedthestormowingto______.
4.Thegirlrefusedtoaskforhelpbecauseshethought.
5.TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom_______.
6.Accordingto…,itisdifficultforschoolstoofferthementoringdueto_____.
例:
(2012全国新课标B)Whyisitdifficulttofindawildbees’nest?
A.It’ssmallinsize.
B.It’shiddenintrees.
C.It’scoveredwithwax.
D.It’shardtorecognize.
原文:
Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.
答案:
B解析:
根据“thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem”可知选B。
三针对条件提问
针对条件提问的常用句式:
1.Ifthepriceisreasonable,theshopperwill.
2.Thesoncoulddrivethecaronconditionthat.
3.Theconferencewillbeputoffunless.
例:
(2010湖南A)Ifithasbeenover12hourssinceyoumissedadose,youshould.
A.changetheamountofyournextdose
B.eatmorewhentakingyournextdose
C.haveadoseassoonasyouremember
D.takethenextdoseatyourregulartime
原文:
HOWTOTAKELIPITOR
DO:
’TakeLipitorasprescribedbyyourdoctor.
‘Trytoeatheart-healthyfoodswhileyoutakeLipitor.
‘TakeLipitoratanytimeofday,withorwithoutfood.
‘Ifyoumissadose(一剂),takeitassoonasyouremember.Butifithasbeenmorethan12hourssinceyoumissedadose,wait.Takethenextdoseatyourregulartime.
答案:
D解析:
根据最后一句可知,如果错过了12小时,就等到下一次固定的时间服药。
四针对目的提问
针对目的提问时,有的是针对文中某个细节或某段的;有的是针对全文的写作目的的,此类也属于主旨题和推断题,在后面对应的专题中都会涉及。
此种题型的常用提问句式:
1.Whatis…aimedat?
2.…is…intended/meant/designedfor.
3.Whatdoesthewriterintendtotellus?
4.Whatmightbetheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?
5.Theprogramaimsto_____.
6.ForwhatpurposedidPetercallTracy?
7.Thewritermentions…inorderto.
8.Thewriter’spurposeforwritingthisarticleisto .
例:
(2012山东A)Whatmightbetheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?
A.ToseekhelpforNauru’sproblems.
B.Togiveawarningtoothercountries.
C.Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.
D.Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.
原文:
ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru’sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.
答案:
B解析:
根据最后一句可知写此文是为了警示其它国家。
五针对方式提问
涉及方式的提问,如果是关于写作方法的就属于主旨题,这里主要探讨细节题。
针对方式提问的常用句式:
1.Inwhatwayisthelibrary“pedestrian-friendly”?
2.HowdoesMr.CoolmanagetotraveltheInformationHighwaysofast?
3.Theauthordevelopsthesecondparagraphmainlyby.
4.ThemainwayofhandlingwasteinagreenmannerinEdinburghis________.
5.Thehoneyguideisspecialintheway____________.
6.ThemethodthewriterusestodevelopParagraph4is_________________.
例:
(2012全国新课标D)Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.
A.presentingresearchfindings
B.settingdowngeneralrules
C.makingacomparison
D.usingexamples
原文:
Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:
Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrials(尝试)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.
Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.
Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.
答案:
D解析:
根据“Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem”可知作者是通过举例说明的方法来解释这个原理的。
故D正确。
六针对人物、事物提问
针对人物、事物提问的常用句式:
1.Whatdidthetouristsmissinthenationalpark?
2.Whatisthefunctionofthenewinvention?
3.Whohelpedthevictimintheend?
4.Forwhomdidthedirectorbuythegift?
例1:
(2011全国卷ⅠE)Whoshouldyougetintouchwithifyouhopetoworkinaradiostation?
A.ProducerVacancies,Kissl00.
B.MrsOglivie,PalmlaceLimited.
C.TheEnterpriseShoppingCentre.
D.WealdenDistrictCouncil.
原文:
Wanted,SomeoneforaKiss
We’relookingforproducerstojoinUSonthesoundofLondonKiss100FM.You’llworkontheStation’smusicprogrammes.Musicproductionexperienceinradioisnecessary,alongwithrichknowledgeofmoderndancemusic.Pleaseapply(申请)inwritingtoProducerVacancies,Kiss100.
答案:
A解析:
根据最后一句可知选A。
例2:
(2011湖北A)Whatlessonhastheauthorlearntfromhisexperience?
A.Learningfromparentsisnecessary.
B.Jumpingtoaconclusionisdangerous.
C.Tellingthetruthmaynotalwaysbethebestsolution.
D.Selectingpleasantwordsmaynotbetheperfectpolicy.
原文:
Asitturnedout,itwasn’tcancer.ButIdidlearnthatwhensomeoneisstressedandworriedabouttheirlovedonethey’resometimesselectiveinwhattheyhear—andasadoctorit’simportanttobemindfulofthis.Inbeingtruthful,I’dmadethesituationworse.
答案:
C解析:
根据“ButIdidlearnthatwhensomeoneisstressedandworriedabouttheirlovedonethey’resometimesselectiveinwhattheyhear—andasadoctorit’simportanttobemindfulofthis.Inbeingtruthful,I’dmadethesituationworse.”可知,由于实话实说,“我”把情况弄得更糟,与C项吻合。