英语常用系动词.docx
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英语常用系动词
英语常用连系动词
连系动词也称系动词(LinkVerb),它本身具有实在意义,但不能单独作谓语,后边必须加上表语共同构成复合谓语。
连系动词与其后面的表语合起来叫作系表结构。
系表结构主要是为了说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
一、表示状态的系动词
用来说明主语的状态,只有一个be,但be在不同的人称和时态中有不同的形式,有am、are、is、was和were,后接名词、形容词、分词、不定式、副词和介词短语等作表语。
例如:
Themanisascienceteacher.
Mary'snewdresseswerecolorful.
二、表示持续性的系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep、remain、stay、lie、stand、continue和rest等,例如:
Pleasekeepquiet.
Severalproblemsremaintobesolved.
Ihopetheweatherwillstayfine.
Thewholecitylayinruinsaftertheearthquake.
Mr.Blackstandshighinthepublicestimation.
Theweathercontinuescold.
Mygrandfatherwillneverrestidle.
三、表“像”系动词
用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem、appear和look,例如:
Sheseemsveryhappywiththenewjob.
Heappearedtobetalkingtohimself.
Shelookshappy.
四、感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel、smell、sound、taste等,后面接形容词作表语,说明主语所处的状态,其意思分别为“摸/闻/听/尝起来……”。
这几个动词的主语往往是物,而不是人。
例如:
Thetomatoesfeelverysoft.
Theseflowerssmellverysweet.
Themusicsoundsverypleasingtotheear.
Themeattastesdelicious.
五、表示变化的系动词
这些系动词表示主语变化成什么样,主要有become、grow、turn、fall、get、go、come和run等,这些词后面大多数接形容词作表语,但become,turn,sound,remain,seem亦可接名词作表语,只是turn若跟名词则不加冠词。
例如:
Shebecameafamouswriter.
Hiscoldisgrowingworse.
Inautumntheleavesturnyellow.
Theyfirstmetatuniversityandlaterfellinlove.
It'sgettingcold.
Themilkwentsour.
Myshoecameloose.
Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.
Heturnsdoctor.=Hebecomesadoctor.
六、表终止的系动词
表示主语发出的动作已经终止,主要有prove和turnout,表达“证实”和“变成”之意。
例如:
Myadviceproved(tobe)wrong.
Heprovedacompetentmanager.
Thepartyturnedout(tobe)verysuccessful.
Therookieturnedout(tobe)thebesthitterontheteam.
七、学习系动词的注意事项
1.特别要注意“be+过去分词”所构成的系表结构与其所构成的被动语态的区别。
系表结构侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态,通常没有由by引导的介词短语,如:
Thedoorwasclosed.被动语态侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者,表示动作;句中可以用由by引导的介词短语。
如:
Thedoorwasclosedbyme.
还要注意由“be+V-ing”所构成的系表结构与其所构成的进行时态的区别。
系表结构侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态,也可说明主语是什么。
如:
MyjobisteachingEnglish.进行时态侧重于强调主语正在做某事。
如:
Mr.Wangisreadinganeveningpapernow.
2.要特别注意某些动词既可以做系动词,又可以做实意动词的用法。
有些系动词也是实意动词,该动词表达实义时,有具体词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
Hefellillyesterday.
Hefellofftheladder.
Thenewly-inventedsoftdrinkingtastesquiteunique.
Thechefistastingthefishcarefully.
3.系动词除了接名词、形容词、分词、不定式、副词和介词短语等以外,还可接以下几种表语形式:
①能接asif/asthough表语从句的系动词有:
look(看起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),feel(觉得);appear(显得),seem(似乎)等。
例如:
Helookedasifhehadjuststeppedoutofmybookoffairytales.
Sheseemedasif(though)shecouldn’tunderstandwhyLaurawasthere.
Itsoundstomeasthoughthere’sataprunningsomewhere.
Shefeltasifherheadweresplitting.
Theriverappearedasifenvelopedinsmog.
②可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有:
seem和appear不可用be、look。
如:
Itseemedthathehadmadesomeseriousmistakesinhiswork.
Itappearedthathewastalkingtohimself.
③能用不定式作表语的系动词有be、seem、get、look、appear、prove、grow等。
Herjobistolookafterthechildren.
Heseemsnottogowithus.
Shelookstobeayounggirloftwenty.
Hedidn’tappeartodislikeit.
Myadviceprovedtobewrong.
Hewillgrowtolikethisworkgradually.
④能与there连用的系动词有:
be、appear和seem.如:
Thereappearedtobeonlyoneroom.
Thereseems(tobe)noneedtogo.
⑤能接介词短语的有:
feel,look,sound,taste,remain
Itsoundslikeatraingoingundermyroom.
Theconcertremainsinmymemory.
4.系动词一般不用进行时。
5.系动词无被动语态。
练习:
1.Thedrug__________(tobe)highlyeffective.
A.turnedB.became
C.provedD.smelled
2.Howsweetthemusic__________!
A.soundsB.looks
C.remainsD.is
3.Thebigsoldier__________thereexceptforhisslightlymovinglips.(B)
A.keptcalmB.stoodstill
C.wasquietD.laysilent
4.Thisafternoonwillbecloudy,_____clear.
A.feelingB.tasting
C.fallingD.turning
5.Theactressisthirty-fiveyearsold,butshe___alotyounger.(B)
A.looksB.appears
C.seemsD.feels
Heappearsquiteyoung.
他显得年轻。
6.He____paleandhisclotheswereinafrightfulstate.(A)
A.lookedB.appeared
C.seemedD.waslooked
7.HisdreamtobeadmittedintoBeijingUniversityhas______trueatlast.(D)
A.becomeB.turned
C.grownD.come
8.ThesilkmadeinSuzhou___smoothandsoft.(C)
A.isfeltB.istouched
C.feelsD.isfeeling
9.Things_____tobeexactlyastheprofessorhadforeseen.(A)
A.turnedoutB.turned
C.wereprovedD.showed
10.Holdingthenoteinhishand,Adam_____theredumbfounded.(D)
A.remainedB.stayed
C.keptD.stood
11.Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyoucan’thavetimeto______beforetheparty.(A)
A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange
12.--Iwaswonderingifwecouldgoskiingontheweekend.
--_________good.
A.SoundB.Sounded
C.SoundingD.Sounds
13.Itremains________whetherJimwillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.(B)
A.seenB.tobeseen
C.seeingD.tosee
14.ThemelontheSmithsservedatdinnerwouldhavetastedifithadbeenputinthefridgeforalittlewhile.
A.goodB.better
C.bestD.well
15.Pleaseremain_________untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.
A.toseatB.tobeseated
C.seatingD.seated
1-5CABDB6-10ADCAD11-15ADBBD
1.Thestorysounds___________.
A.tobetrueB.astrue
C.beingtrueD.true
2.Thoseorangestaste__________.
A.goodB.well
C.tobegoodD.tobewell
3.–Areyoufeeling____________.(B)
--Yes.I'mfinenow.
A.anywellB.anybetter
C.quitegoodD.quitebetter
4.–Doyoulikethematerial?
--Yesit__________verywell.
A.isfeelingB.felt
C.feelsD.isfelt
5.–Youdon'tlookvery__________.Areyouill?
--NoI'mjustabittired.
A.goodB.well
C.strongD.healthy
6.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif_______whetherhewasgoing
intherightdirection.
A.seeingB.havingseen
C.tohaveseenD.tosee
7.–Howlong___eachotherbeforethey____married?
--Foraboutayear.
A.havetheyknown,get
B.didtheyknowweregoingto,get
C.dotheyknowaregoingto,get
D.hadtheyknown,got
8.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget___bythehour.
A.payB.paying
C.paidD.topay
9.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot____frommyfriends.(A)
A.separatedB.spared
C.lostD.missed
10.–Howaretheteamplaying?
--Theyareplayingwellbutoneofthem_____hurt.
A.gotB.gets
C.areD.were
1-10DABCBDDCAA