新标准大学英语综合教程3课后练习答案Unit 3.docx

新标准大学英语综合教程3课后练习答案Unit 3.docx

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新标准大学英语综合教程3课后练习答案Unit3

Unit3

Languagepoints

1Forlackofabetterterminology,onemightnamethese:

（1）thesensuousplane,

（2）theexpressiveplane,（3）thesheerlymusicalplane.（Para1）

Theexpressionforlackofabetterterminologyisusedtointroduceratherinexactterms.Itmeanssincewedon’thaveanyexactterms,I’mgoingtousetheseratherroughterms.

Thewordsensuoussuggestsphysicalpleasurewhichrelatestoyourphysicalsensesratherthantoyouremotionsandthoughts.

Aplaneisalevelofthought,developmentorexistence.

Thewordsheerisusedtoemphasizetheamountordegreeofsomething.Thesheerlymusicalplanereferstothelevelofthemusicalmaterial,melodies,rhythms,harmoniesetc.Thesheerpleasure（Para2,Line2）meansgreatorpurepleasure.

2Theonlyadvantagetobegainedfrommechanicallysplittingupthelisteningprocessintothesehypotheticalplanesis…（Para1）

Thewordhypotheticalmeanstobebasedonsituationsoreventsthatseempossibleratherthanonactualones.Here,theplanesarenotreal,theyarejustpartofamodelforanalysisanddiscussion.

3Oneturnsontheradiowhiledoingsomethingelseandabsent-mindedlybathesinthesound.Akindofbrainlessbutattractivestateofmindisengenderedbythemeresoundappealofthemusic.（Para2）

Tobathemeanstoswimorwashyourselfinabath,riverorlake.Tobatheinthesoundmeanstoimmerseyourselfinthesound,likeinwater.

Toengendermeanstocauseafeelingorattitudetoexist.Theexpressionengenderedbythemeresoundappealmeanstobecreatedonlybytheappealorattractionofthesound.

4Musicallowsthemtoleaveit...dreamingbecauseofandaproposofthemusicyetneverquitelisteningtoit.（Para3）

Theexpressionaproposofmeansrelatingto;itisusedtointroducesomethingelseaboutthesubjectyouaretalkingabout.TheexpressionisderivedfromFrench,andthefinal-sissilentinpronunciation.

5...butyoumustnotallowittousurpadisproportionateshareofyourinterest.Thesensuousplaneisanimportantoneinmusic...butitdoesnotconstitutethewholestory.（Para4）

Tousurpmeanstotakeajoborpositionthatbelongstosomeoneelsewithouthavingtherighttodothis.

Thesentenceyoumustnotallowittousurpadisproportionateshareofyourinterestmeansdon’tletittakeupawrongamountofyourinterest.

Theexpressionitdoesnotconstitutethewholestorymeansthereismoretoitthanthis.

6Here,immediately,wetreadoncontroversialground.（Para5）

Theexpressionwetreadoncontroversialgroundcontainsametaphor:

Theseareideasthatsomepeoplewillprobablydisagreeaboutornotapproveof.

7Composershaveawayofshyingawayfromanydiscussionofmusic’sexpressiveside.（Para5）

Toshyawayfromsomethingmeanstoavoidsomeoneorbeunwillingtodosomethingbecauseyouarenervous,afraidornotconfident.

8Isitpessimisticallysadorresignedlysad;isitfatefullysadorsmilinglysad?

（Para6）

Thewordresignedlymeanswithresignation,acceptingthatsomethingunpleasantmusthappenorthatyoucannotchangeit.Thewholesentencegivesnuances–shadesofmeaning–ofdifferentkindsofsadness:

sadnesswhichhasafeelingofpessimism（thingsarebadandwecan’tchangethemeasily）,sadnesstowhichwemayfeelresigned–weacceptit,sadnessthatwefeelispartofourfate–wecan’tavoiditanditispartofourlife,andsadnessthatalsohashumour,sowesmileeventhoughwefeelsad.

9Itisveryimportantforallofustobecomemorealivetomusiconitssheerlymusicalplane.（Para9）

Tobecome/bealivetosomethingmeanstoknowthatsomethingishappeningandrealizehowimportantitis.

10Afterall,anactualmusicalmaterialisbeingused...Hemusthearthemelodies,therhythms,theharmonies,thetonecolorsinamoreconsciousfashion.（Para9）

Themusicalmaterialsrefertotheelementsofmusic,usuallydiscussedundertheheadingsofmelody（thetune）,rhythm（theeffectsoftimeordurationofthebeatsofmusic,thepulse）,harmony（howthenotesofmusiccombinewitheachotherinchordsorsequencesofnotes）,tonecolor（howtheprecisesoundofnotescanvary）,andform（howthemusicisorganizedwithalltheelementsandpatternsofrepetitionandvariation）.

11Perhapsananalogywithwhathappenstouswhenwevisitthetheaterwillmakethisinstinctivecorrelationclearer.（Para11）

Ananalogyisacomparisonbetweentwosituations,processesetc,thatisintendedtoshowthatthetwoaresimilar.Thatthetwothingsareanalogousmeansthesamethingsaretrueoforrelevanttobothofthem.

Dealingwithunfamiliarwords

4Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.

1tomakeuporformsomething（constitute）

2happeningordoneatthesametime（simultaneously）

3abletodosomethingbecauseyouhavetheknowledge,skill,orexperiencethatisneeded（qualified）

4aregularpatternofsoundsinmusicthatyoucanshowbymoving,hittingyourhandstogether,orhittingadrumorothersurface（rhythm）

5toreceiveorobtainsomethingfromsomethingelse（derive）

6someonewhowritesmusic,especiallyclassicalmusic（composer）

7asmuchasisneeded（sufficiently）

5CompletetheparagraphwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity4.

JohannSebastianBachispossiblythegreatest

（1）composertheworldhaseverknown.HisWell-TemperedClavichord

（2）constitutesoneofthemostcompleteworksforkeyboardeverwritten.Itis（3）simultaneouslybothaseriesoftechnicalexerciseswhichexplorethepossibilitiesofthekeyboard,andamasterpieceofexpressivefeeling.Althoughhewasahighly（4）qualifiedmusician（asanorganistandachoirmaster）,hewasnotconsideredtobe（5）sufficiently“modern”bythegenerationwhichfollowedhim,andhewassoonforgotten.Buthismusicwasrediscoveredinthe19thcentury,foritsperfectsenseof（6）rhythmandharmony.Indeed,manyofthegreatcomposersofthe20thcentury,suchasStravinsky,（7）derivedalotoftheirmusicalideasfromhim.

6Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsandexpressionsinthebox.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.

1Shh!

They’reabouttoannouncethewinnerofthisyear’sInternationalPianoCompetition.（proclaim）

2It’squiteeasytomakeacomparisonbetweenpoetryandmusic.（analogy）

It’squiteeasytomakeananalogybetweenpoetryandmusic.

3Weareamazedbyherabilitytoexpressherselfwithgreatclearnessandsimplicity.（clarity）

4Howmanyartistshavegivenupeverythingforthecauseoftheirart?

（forthesakeof）

5Internetemergesasapowerfulandeffectiveforceinadvertisingnewproducts.（potent）

6Ienjoyedtheperformance,butIthoughttheclothestheactorswerewearingwereabitsilly.（costumes）

7Answerthequestionsaboutthewordsandexpressions.

1Ifyousplitsomethingup,doyou（a）divideitintoparts,or（b）putthepartstogether?

2Ifyoudosomethingabsent-mindedly,areyou（a）thinkingaboutwhatyouaredoing,or（b）thinkingaboutsomethingelse?

3Doyoulookforconsolation（a）afterapieceofbadnews,or（b）afterapieceofgoodnews?

4Ifyouaretreadingoncontroversialground,areyou（a）takingarisk,or（b）makingeverybodyhappy?

5Ifyoushyawayfromsomething,doyou（a）keepclosetoit,or（b）keepyourdistancefromit?

6Ifyoupinsomethingdown,areyou（a）abletoexamineitcarefully,or（b）unabletoexamineitcarefully?

7Ifyouknowthemelodyofapieceofmusic,areyoufamiliarwith（a）thetune,or（b）themeaningofthemusic?

8Isaninstinctivereactiontosomething（a）automatic,or（b）onewhichfollowsalotofthought?

Readingandinterpreting

8Workinpairsandchoosethebestanswertothequestions.

1Whichisthewriter’smainpurpose?

（a）Toshowhowcomplexlisteningtomusicis.

（b）Togetpeopletolistentomusicmore.

（c）Todiscouragesomepeoplefromlisteningtomusic.

（d）Togetpeopletothinkabouthowtheylistentomusic.

2Whodoesthewriteraddressasyou?

（a）Musicians.

（b）Theatregoers.

（c）Composers.

（d）Intelligentmusiclovers.

9Check（¸）thestatementsyouagreewith.

√1Theanalysisthewritermakesisafairandaccurateone.

Yes,Ithinkthisisareasonableanalysisoflisteningtomusic.

2Hedescribesthesensuouslistenerinnegativeterms.

Hedoesmentionsomenegativeaspectsofsensuouslisteningbuthesaysseveraltimesthatwelisteninallthreeways,soIdon’tthinkheisactuallynegativeaboutthisway.

√3Hethinksallgreatmusicisexpressive.

Hedoesn’tactuallysaythis,butthisseemstobehispointofview.

4Hethinksmostlistenersarenotintelligentenough.

No,hedoesn’tsaythis.Hesaysmostlistenersarenotconsciousenoughofthethirdplane,butthatdoesn’tmeantheyaren’tintelligent.

√5Heisprobablyaprofessionalmusician.

IguessthisistruebecauseofhisknowledgeofStravinskyandBach,andhisinsightsintotheeffectivewayoflisteningtomusic.

√6Heisprobablyagoodteacher.

Ithinksobecauseofhiswayofexplainingthethreeplanesandbecauseofthewayheusestheanalogyofthetheatre,whichnon-musicianmightappreciate.

Activereading

（2）

Languagepoints

1Weknowhisworkincludespaintingsofreligiousandmythologicalthemes,domesticinteriorsandlandscapes.（Para2）

Domesticinteriorsaretheinsideofhouseholdswiththerooms,furnitureanddecorations.

Landscapesarepaintingsofanareaofland,showingthescenerysometimeswithpeoplebutthefocusmostlyonnature.

2WhileGrietgoesaboutherduties,sheattractstheattentionnotonlyofabutcher’sboy,Pieter,butalsoofthepainterhimself.（Para6）

Togoaboutherdutiesmeanstodothework