文献翻译数控机床开环控制伺服系统与数控生产设备.docx

文献翻译数控机床开环控制伺服系统与数控生产设备.docx

《文献翻译数控机床开环控制伺服系统与数控生产设备.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《文献翻译数控机床开环控制伺服系统与数控生产设备.docx（16页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

文献翻译数控机床开环控制伺服系统与数控生产设备

附录

译文：

TheopensystemmeritofComputerNumericalControlandNumericalcontrolofproductionequipments

Abstract

Theopensystemmeritisthesystemsimple,thecostlow,buttheshortcomingistheprecisionislow.Thereversegap,theguidescrewpitcherror,stopinferiorlycanaffectthepointingaccuracybymistake.Followingseveralkindofimprovementsmeasuremaycausethepointingaccuracydistinctimprovement.

Thekeyword:

numericalcontrol、NC、theopensysterm

1）reversegaperrorcompensates

  Thenumericalcontrolenginebedprocessingcuttingtoolandtheworkpiecerelativemotionisdependsuponthedriveimpetusgear,theguidescrewrotation,thustheimpetusworkfloorandsoonmovestheparttoproducemovesrealizes.Astraditionalpartgear,guidescrewalthoughthemanufactureprecisionisveryhigh,butalwaysunavoidablyhasthegap.Asaresultofthiskindofgapexistence,whenmovementdirectionchange,startsthesectiontimetobeableto

causeinevitablyactuatesthepartwastingtime,appearstheinstructionpulsetopushthemotionlessfunctionalelementtheaspect.Thishasaffectedtheenginebedprocessingprecision,namelytheinstructionpulseandactualentersforthestepdoesnottally,hastheprocessingerrortherefore,thesplit-ringnumericalcontrolsystemallestablishesgenerallyhasthereversegaperror

compensatoryfunction,withbymakesupwhichwastestimethestepreversegapdifferencecompensatesisfirstactualreverseentersfortheerror,convertsthepulseequivalentnumberit,compensatesthesubroutineasthegaptheoutput,whenthecomputerjudgmentappears

wheninstructionforcountermotion,transfersthegaptocompensatethesubroutineimmediately,compensatesthepulseaftertheoutputtoeliminatethereversegaptocarryonagainnormallyinsertsmakesupthemovement.

2）oftenthevaluesystematiccharacteristicpositionerrorcompensates

Akindofstorehousebytransfersforthedesigner.Likethisinthecomponentsdesignstage,thedesigneronlymustinputthecharacteristictheparameter,thesystemdirectproduction

characteristicexamplemodel:

Wemustsavetherelatedcharacteristicclassinthedatabasethestructureinformation,thedatabasetablecollectionareuseinsavingthispartofrelatedinformation.Accordingtothecharacteristictypedefinitionneed,wedefinedthecharacteristicclasscodetable,thecharacteristicclasseditioninformationhaveoutstandingshownthecharacteristictype;Definedthecharacteristicclassstructureoutstandingtoreachthecharacteristicclassthestructure;Andrelatesthroughthecomponentscharacteristicdispositiontableandthecomponentscharacteristiclevelinformation.Thecharacteristicleveldatasheetcollectionis

thiscomponentsmodeldatabasedesigncore,hasrecordedcharacteristicexampleinformationandsoonmodeldesign,craft.Thecharacteristicstructuretablehasrecordedthecharacteristic

geometrystructure;Thecharacteristicsizetable,thecharacteristicshapepositiontableoflimits,thecharacteristicsurfaceroughnesstablehasrecordedthecharacteristicprojectsemanticsquotation;Thesizetable,theshapepositiontableoflimits,thesurfaceroughness

tablesavedallcomponentscharacteristicdatamessage.Inthecharacteristiclevel,usingcharacteristicID,geometryprincipallinkageandsoonessentialfactorID,sizeID,commondifferenceID,roughnessIDcarriesonthedataretrieval.WeapplythiscomponentsinformationmodeldatabaseunderthefactoryenvironmentsomemoduleCADintheAMintegrativesystem,hasrealizedCADandtheCAPPcharacteristicinformationsharingwell.Mainuseready-madeCAD/theCAMsoftware（Unigra□phics1I）carriesontheproductdesignandtheNCprogramminginthissystem,andthroughcarriesontwotimesofdevelopmentsgainscomponentstothissoftwarethesizeinformation;Atthesametimeusesthedialoguewindowwhichdevelopsvoluntarily,letsdesignthepersonneltoinputothercharacteristicinformationalternately,realizesthissoftwareandthesystemsharingdatabaseconnection.Whenassistancetechnologicaldesign,thetechnologicaldesignpersonnelthroughtheprocedureinquiryfunction,inquiresthecomponentsinformationfromthesharingdatabasewhichneeds,carriesontheinteractivetechnologicaldesign.ThushasfacilitatedtheCAPPcomponentsinformationacquisition,enhancedthetechnologicaldesignefficiency.WhencarriesontheNCprogrammingusingUG,mayfromthesharingdatabasegainthecraftandthemanufactureinformationwhichneeds,carriesonvariousworkingprocedurestheknifeaxledesignandtheprocessingsimulationestablishesanabsolutezerospotonthenumericalcontrolenginebed,theactualvariouscoordinateaxessyzygycompletelypositionerror,makesthecurveinordertodeterminedcompensatesthespot.Attemptsltoshowisanactualpositionerrorcurve,（error）carriesonthiscurvey-coordinatetakethepulseequivalentastheunitthedivision,makesthehorizontalline,eachhorizontallineandthecurvepointofintersectionnamelycompensatesthespotforthegoal.Chart1thecenter1to6o'clockplacepositionerrorsfor,needstodoreducesthepulsetocompensate;Butneedstocarryon6to9addsthepulsetocompensateinthecharttheshadowpartiallyfortocompensatethearea.Compensatestherangeofpointsthesetobecometheerror

   Thecalibrationcorrectionsstoresthecomputer,whenworktablebyzerodisplacementinposition,installssendsouttheabsolutezeropointlocalizationsignalintheabsolutezeropointmicroswitch,latercomputerasnecessarywillsendoutthegoaltocompensatetocompensatethesignal,willcarryonthepositionerrortotheenginebedtocompensate.Thecosinegeneratorassignsslideguageinitiationsignalaelectricityandbystepoftransmission.

3）feedbackscompensatestheopen-loopcontrol

   Chart2hasproducedthiskindofsystemschematicdiagram.Thissystemsurveystwopartsbytheopen-loopcontrolandtheinductionsynchromeshdirectpositiontobecomposed.Herepositionexaminationdoesnotserveasthepositionthefeedback,butiscompensatesthefeedbackasthepositionerror.Itscardinalprincipleis:

InstallstheinstructionpulsebytheenginebednumericalcontrolwhichCNCsendsout,ontheonehandthesuppliesopensystem,the

controlstep-by-stepstheelectricalmachineryaccordingtotheinstructionrevolution,andthedirectdriveplatenmoves,constitutestheopen-loopcontrol;Ontheotherhandthisinstructionpulsesuppliestheinductionsynchromeshthemeasurementsystem（namelydigitally,cosinegenerator）,aspositiondemandsignalaby.Theworkinthewarningwayinductionsynchromeshthistimenotonlyisthepositionsensor,alsoisthecomparator,itby,Thecosinegeneratorassignsslideguageinitiationsignalaelectricityandbystepoftransmission.

4）conclusions

   UndertheCIMSenvironmentthetechnologywhichdevelopsunceasinglybasedoncharacteristiccomponentsinformationmodeling,howenhancesthecomponentsorderofcomplexitywhichthecharacteristicdesigncancomplete;Howcausesquestionandsoonrequestwhichthecharacteristicdesignadoptiontrickrecognition,thecharacteristicsemanticstransformsalsotowaitforthepeopletosolve.Thisarticleintroducedthecharacteristictechnologyinthecomponentsinformationmodelingapplication,describesthiscomponentsdatamodeldatabaserealizationwithemphasis;EstablishesthecomponentsinformationdatabasesystemmaysatisfytheCIMSsystemwelltotheletter.

  Numericalcontrol（NC）isaformofprogrammableautomationinwhichtheprocessingequipmentiscontrolledbymeansofnumbers,letters,andothersymbols.Thenumbers,letters,andsymbolsarecodedinanappropriateformattodefineaprogramofinstructionsforaparticularworkpartorjob.Whenthejobchanges,theprogramofinstructionsischanged.ThecapabilitytochangetheprogramiswhatmakesNCsuitableforlow-andmedium-volumeproduction.Itismucheasiertowritenewprogramsthantomakemajoralterationsoftheprocessingequipment.

BasiccomponentsofNC

Anumericalcontrolsystemconsistsofthefollowingthreebasiccomponents:

·Programofinstructions

·Machinecontrolunit

·Processingequipment

ThegeneralrelationshipamongthethreecomponentsisillustratedinFig.2.1.Theprogramisfedintothecontrolunit,whichdirectstheprocessingequipmentaccordingly.

Theprogramofinstructionsisthedetailedstep-by-stepcommandsthatdirecttheprocessingequipment.Initsmostcommonform,thecommandsrefertopositionsofamachinetoolspindlewithrespecttotheworktableonwhichthepartisfixtured.Moreadvancedinstructionsincludeselectionofspindlespeeds,cuttingtool,andotherfunction.Themostcommonmediuminuseoverthelastseveraldecadeshasbeen1-in.-widepunchedtape.Becauseofthewidespreaduseofthepunchedtape,NCissometimescalled“tapecontrol”.However,thisisamisnomerinmodernusageofnumericalcontrol.Comingintousemorerecentlyhavebeenmagnetictapecassettesandfloppydiskettes.

Themachinecontrolunit（MCU）consistsoftheelectronicsandcontrolhardwarethatreadandinterprettheprogramofinstructionandconvertitintomechanicalactionsofthemachinetoolorotherprocessingequipment.

TheprocessingequipmentisthethirdbasiccomponentofanNCsystem.Itisthecomponentthatperformsusefulwork.Inthemostcommonexampleofnumericalcontrol,onethatperformsmachiningoperations,theprocessingequipmentconsistsoftheworktableandspindleaswellasthemotorsandcontrolsneededtodrivethem.

TYPESOFCONTROLSYSTEMS

Therearetwobasictypesofcontrolsystemsi