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关于针对攻坚高考必考重点
HRPlanningSystemIntegrationandUpgradingResearchof
ASuzhouInstitution
攻坚高考必考重点
——高考英语热点动词十五类
动词是英语中最活跃的词类,是句子的核心成分。
此外,英语动词的变化较多,形式颇为复杂,是英语学习的难点之一。
历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点,在单项填空题中所占比例在50%以上。
笔者通过对近十年来的高考英语试题进行分析,归纳常考动词十五类,供大家参考。
• 连系动词类
连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种:
• 变化类 表事物发展变化的过程,如become,go,turn,grow,get,fall等。
• 感觉类 表人体部位的感受,如feel,smell,taste,look,sound等。
• 状态类 表事物所处的状态,如keep,come,run,remain,stand,lie,stay,prove等。
• 外表特征类 表外表给人的印象,如appear,seem,look等。
连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于相容词的结构作表语。
除了少数几个(如feel,get,become,grow等)外,不用进行时态和被动结构。
例如:
Themixtureistastedterrible.(误)
Themixturetastesterrible.(正)
Jimpretendedtobefallingasleepwhenhismothercamein.(误)
Jimpretendedtofall/beasleepwhenhismothercamein.(正)
I'mfeelingmuchbetterthaneverbefore.
Itwasgettingdarkeranddarker.Besides,acoldrainbegantofall.
[高考例题]
• -Doyoulikethematerial?
-Yes,itverysoft.(NMET94)
A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt
(2)Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridge?
Itwillfreshforseveraldays.(NMET03)
A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed
(3)Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremainastheplanewasmakingalanding.
A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating(04春季高考上海卷)
(4)Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot,youmayrunoverbyacar.(02高考北京卷)
A.haveB.getC.becomeD.turn
(5)Happybirthday,Alice.Soyouhavetwenty-onealready.(04天津卷)
A.becomeB.turnedC.grownD.passed
(6)Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyoucan'thavetimetobeforetheparty.(04全国卷II)
• getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange
(7)Onhearingthenewsoftheaccidentinthecoalmine,shepale.(04湖北卷)
A.gotB.changedC.wentD.appeared
(8)Theflowerssweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.(04上海卷)
• tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt
(9)Althoughhehastakenalotofmedicine,hishealthpoor.(02春上海卷)
• provesB.remainsC.maintainsD.continues
(10)Ilovetogototheseasideinsummer.Itgoodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.
• doesB.feelsC.getsD.makes
(Key:
CBCBBACBBB)
• 感官动词类
常考的感官动词有see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,find,catch等。
感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾主补足语,表达不同的含义。
• 后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。
Ioftenheardthesongsung,butIhaveneverheardyousingit.
Whenyougotowatchthefootballwatch,youwillenjoyseeingtheChinesefootballteamwin.
• 后接V-ing形式表示正在进行的动作。
Seeingthesunrisingabovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.
Hearingthis,Ifeltmyheartbeatingfast.
• 后接V-ed形式表被动意义。
Afterhisreturntwentyyearslater,hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.
AlthoughIhadlearntsomeEnglish,Ihadneverheardawordofitspoken.
[高考例题]
(1)Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseethenextyear.(NMET2000)
• carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout
(2)Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.(NMET03)
• smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked
(3)Themissingboyswerelastseenneartheriver.
• playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay
(4)Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlwhowascaughtandletheroff.(NMET93)
• tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealing
(5)Helookedaroundandcaughtamanhishandintothepocketofapassenger.
A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting(04春北京卷)
(Key:
CBADD)
• 使役动词类
表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词,如make,let,have,keep,leave,set,send等。
使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾主补足语,表达不同的含义。
分以下三种情况:
• make,lethave等后接不带to的不定式,表“使/让某人/某物做某事”。
Don'tmakehimdoitifhedoesn'twantto.
Ifyouhaveanyproblems,justletmeknow.
在被动结构中不定式须带to,但是have不用于被动结构中to。
Hewasmadetoapologizetotheguest.
• have,keep,leave,send,set,get等后接V-ing形式,表持续性动作。
I'msorrytokeepyouwaitingforsolong.
Whydoyouhavehimworryingabouthislessons?
• have,keep,leave等后接V-ed形式,表被动含义。
Hedidn'tkeeponaskingmethetimeuntilhehadhadhiswatchrepaired.
I'llkeepyouinformedassoonasIhavethenews.
[高考例题]
(1)Don'tleavethewaterwhileyoubrushyouteeth.(04天津卷)
• runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun
(2)Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirchildren'sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents.(04重庆卷)
• worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry
(3)-Whydidyougobacktotheshop?
-Ileftmyfriendhere.(03春安徽内蒙古卷)
• waitingB.towaitC.waitD.waits
(4)Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefireallnight.(NME91)
• toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned
(5)-Goodmorning,canIhelpyou?
-I'dliketohavethispackage,madam.
• beweighedB.weighingC.weighedD.toweigh(NMET89)
(6)Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn'tmakehimself.(NMET91)
• hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard
(7)Asyouhaveneverbeentherebefore,I'llhavesomeoneyoutheway.(94上海卷)
• showB.toshowC.showingD.showed
(8)Pauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.(NMET95)
• learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning
(9)Acomputercandoonlywhatthinkingpeople.(99上海卷)
• haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone
(10)Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhadwentwrong.(98年上海卷)
• itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired
(Key:
BCACCDABAC)
• 含情感色彩的动词
这类动词有excite,inspire,encourage,interest,satisfy,delight,please,move,frighten,surprise,amaze,astonish,shock,worry,astonish,disappoint,discourage,exhaust,puzzle,tire,terrify等。
情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语,有V-ing和V-ed两种形式,在句中作宾语和表语,V-ing形式指人,V-ed形式则指事物。
Thestorywassomovingthateveryonepresentwasmovedtotears.
Whatdisappointingresult!
Wewerealldisappointedwithit.
Climbingahillwastiringandweweretiredwhenwereachedthesummit.
[高考例题]
(1)Nickislookingforanotherjobbecausehefeelsthatnothinghedoeshisboss.(2000春北京安徽内蒙古卷)
• servesB.satisfiesC.promisesD.supports
(2)-I'mverywithmyowncooking.Itlooksnicesmellsdelicious.
-Mm,itdoeshaveasmell.(02春NMET)
• pleasant;pleasedB.pleased;pleasedC.pleasant;pleasantD.pleased;pleasant
(3)Mr.Smith,ofthespeech,startedtoreadanovel.(03春北京卷)
• tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring
(4)Itisbelievedthatifabookis,itwillsurelythereader.(03上海卷)
• interested;interestB.interesting;beinterested
C.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest
(5)Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome.(04春上海卷)
• beingexhaustedB.exhaustedC.exhaustingD.havingexhausted
(Key:
BDADB)
• 后接不定式动词类
afford,agree,choose,determine,expect,decide,learn,offer,mange,hope,want,wish,promise,refuse,fail,pretend,happen等动词,后跟不定式作宾语。
Thankyouforofferingtohelp,butIcanmanagemyself.
Helearnedtorideabicyclewhenhewasasmallboy.
[高考例题]
(1)Weagreedherebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.(NMET95)
A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet
(2)LittleJimshouldlovetothetheatrethisevening.(NMET92)
• tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking
(3)Idon'tknowwhetheryouhappen,butI'mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.(04辽宁卷)
• tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard
(4)ShepretendedmewhenIpassedby.(NMET89)
• nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen
(5)Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappearseverything.(01高考上海卷)
• totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold
(Key:
CADAD)
• 后接V-ing形式动词类
该类动词常考的有appreciate,avoid,bear,consider,dislike,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,hate,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,postphone,resist,stand,suggest等。
这些动词须V-ing形式作宾语。
例如:
Idon'tmindwaiting,butI'vegottostandinthecoldwind.
Haveyouconsideredmakingsomenecessarychangestoyourplan?
OnlybypractisingspeakingEnglisheverydaycanyouexpecttoimproveyourspokenEnglish.
[高考例题]
(1)Iwouldappreciatebackthisafternoon.
• youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you'recalling
(2)Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelpintobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneed.(96年上海卷)
• topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded
(3)HehasalwaysinsistedonhisDr.turnerinsteadofMr.Turner.(92上海卷)
• beencalledB.calledC.beingcalledD.havingcalled
(4)Ireallyappreciatetorelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.(04年上海卷)
• tohavehadtimeB.havingtimeC.tohavetimeD.tohavingtime
(5)Doyoumindaloneathome?
(94年上海卷)
• JaneleavingB.JanehavingleftC.Jane'sbeingleftD.Janetobeleft
(6)IcanhardlyimaginePeteracrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.(NMET91)
• sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed
(Key:
CBCBCC)
• 后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类
remember,try,regret,mean,forget,stop,goon,can'thelp等后接不定式与V-ing形式作宾语,表达含义不同。
见下表:
动词
接动名词作宾语
接不定式作宾语
remember
过去发生的动作
将来的动作
try
尝试做某事
努力做某事
regret
对做过的事表示后悔
对要做的事表示遗憾
mean
意味着做某事
企图(打算)做某事
can'thelp
禁不住做某事
不能帮助做某事
goon
继续做未完成的事情
做完一件事后,接着做另一件事
forget
忘记以前曾做过某事
忘记做某事
stop
中断正在做的事情
中断正在做的事,去做别的事
例如:
Irememberbeingpad,butI'veforgottentheexactamount.
Pleaseremembertosendmeaphotoofyoursonthenexttimeyouwritetome.
Idon'treallymeantoworkhere,whichmeansleavingthejobsoonafterwards.
[高考例题]
• -Thelightintheofficeisstillon.(NMET91)
-Oh,Iforgot.
• turningitoffB.turnitoff
C.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff
• -Youwerebraveenou