英语听力教程第三版unit6findtherightwords听力原文.docx

英语听力教程第三版unit6findtherightwords听力原文.docx

《英语听力教程第三版unit6findtherightwords听力原文.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语听力教程第三版unit6findtherightwords听力原文.docx（16页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

英语听力教程第三版unit6findtherightwords听力原文

Unit6FindtheRightWords

PartIGettingready

Audioscript:

TheEnglishIanguagecanbetracedbacktoprehistoric

Indo-EuropeanthroughtheWestGermanicline.However,manyotherinfluenceshaveshapedthedevelopmentofModernEnglish.WewillreviewsomeimportantdatesinthehistoryoftheEnglishIanguage.ThefirstthreeareLatin

influences:

1.In5,5.CaesarconqueredBritainandtheCelticpeople.

2.In43..Romecolonizedtheisland.

3.TheRomansremainedfor400years（thefirstfour

centuriesoftheChristianEra）.

Thenextsignificantdateswere:

4.Theyear499（whichwastheyearoftheAnglo-Saxon

conquestoftheisland）.

5.From500on,theWestGermanicIanguagewasthebasic

IanguageofBritain（orEngland）.

InfluencesfromotherIanguagescontinuedhowever.

6.InthesixthandseventhcenturiesEnglandwas

ChristianizedbymissionariessentbythePope（sothat

Latininflueneecontinued）.

Then,

7.IntheeigllthandnintheenturiestheNorsemen

（Vikings）,invadedEnglandwiththeirOldNorseIanguage.

8.In1066.theNormanConquestbroughtFrenchlinguistie

influenee.

9.TheFrenchinflueneecontinuedfor300years（thenintheenturythroughthe11theentury）.

10.Andfinally,inthefifteenandsixteenhundreds,when

classicallearningwasrevived,therewascontinuedLatin

Ianguageinfluenee.

Audioscript:

1.PeoplearedelightedifyoucanspeaktheirIanguage,

andtheydon'tcarehowwellyouspeakit.Theyarenotupsetwhenyoumakemistakes.Ithinkinordertolearn,youmustn'tbeafraidofmakingmistakes.

2.I'maveryshypersonandit'snoteasyformetotalk

tostrangers.Butyouhavetoforceyourselftotalktopeople.That'swhatIdidanditreallyhelpedme.

3.IthinkthebestIanguagelearnersarepeoplewitha

senseofhumor.Trytolaughatyourownmistakesanddon'ttakeyourselftooseriously.You'llfindthatotherpeoplewillbesympatheticwhenyoumakemistakes.

4.Itooktwocoursesinbusinessstudies.Iread,studied,listenedtolecturesandtooknotesinEnglish.Itwasa

verygoodexperieneeformebecauseIdidn'thavetimetothinkabouttheIanguage.Irecommendforgettingaboutthe

grammarandthinkingaboutthemeaninginstead.

5.Inmyexperienee,learningaforeignIanguagealways

invoIvesalotoftime,alotofboringworkandlotsof

problems!

Inshort,ifyouwanttolearnanotherIanguageyouhavetoworkhard.

6.Trytoreadasmuchasyoucan.Ithinkthat'sthebestwaytoimproveyourEnglishandtolearnmorenewwords.

IalwaystrytoreadsomethinginEnglisheveryday.

PartIISkillstocommunicatebad

news

Audioscript:

AviArditti:

rmAviArdittiwithRosanneSkirble,andthisweekonWordmaster:

givingdoctorsbetterskillstocommunicatebadnews.

RosanneSkirble:

AnthonyBackisamedicaloncologistat

theUniversityofWashingtonandtheFredHutchinsonCancerResearchCenterinSeattle.Heandfourcolleaguesareinthefifthyearleadingaprogramfundedwithoneandone-halfmilliondollarsfromtheNationalCancerInstitute.

AviArditti:

DoctorBacksaysspeciallytrainedactorsplaycancerpatientstohelponcologistslearnhowtoavoidsoundinginsensitivewhentheprognosisisgrim.

AnthonyBack：

ProbablythebiggestmisconceptionIfaceisthatyou'reeitherbornwiththisoryou'renot.Infact,whattheresearchshowsisthatpeoplelearntodothisovertime.Andthewaytheylearntodoitistheyseegoodrolemodels,theypractice,theygetspecificfeedbackonwhatthey'redoing,theytry-outnewthings,theyinnovateanddevelopnewconversationalpracticesforthemselves.

AviArditti:

Canyougiveussomeexamplesofthoseconversationalpractices--whataresomewaystoimpartbadnews

AnthonyBack：

Here'sanexample:

Thepatienthashadcancer

inthepast,hasbeendoingwellandiscomingin

forsomeroutinefollow-uptests.Theroutinefollow-uptestsunexpectedlyshowthecancerhasstartedtocomeback.

Thedoctorwilltypicallygoinandsaytothe

patient,"Guesswhat,yourcancer'sback."Andthepatientwillbejustblownaway,rightThereareacoupleofpracticestherethatdoctorscandothatcanhelp.Oneistostartwith--especiallyifyoudon'tknowthepatient--askingwhatthepatientexpected,whatdidtheyunderstandabouttheircancer,whatweretheyexpectingwiththistest.

Becauseifthepatientsaystoyou"Youknow,they

didn'ttellmeanything.rmjustherebecauseIgotthisappointmentinthemail,"that'sonewholekindofcomprehensionlevel.Whereasifthepatientsays"IhadaTlNlMOlungcancerandtheytoldmeIhadafifty-fivepercentchaneeofdiseaserecurreneeinthenexttwoyears,"that'sawholedifferentstory,right

Thesecondthingisthatafteryougivethis

difficultnews,thenIthinkit'sreallyimportant

toaddressboththecognitivereactionandalsothekindoftheemotionalsideofit.

RosanneSkirble:

Whataresomeofthephrasesorthewaysinwhichyoucancouchthisnews

AnthonyBack：

Youknow,thewaytomakeiteasieristomakesurethatyouaregoingfromthecontextthepatientdrewforyou.Soyougofromwhatthepatientunderstandsandyoutrytousetheirwordsasmuchaspossible.Andthen,whenyougettothereallybadpartofthenews,Ithinkit'sactually

importanttobedirectandconcreteandnottocouchthenews.It'sbettertosay"Thecancerhascomeback"thantosay"Therearehypo-densitiesinyour

liverontheCT"（or）"Youhaveamalignancy."Allthoseeuphemismsforcepatientstostruggletounderstandwhat'shappeningtothem,anditaddstotheirconfusionanddistress.

RosanneSkirble:

:

Well,shouldtheysaythingslike"Iwish

thingsweredifferent"or"Ihopeforthebest,"orshouldadoctorkindofmaintainadistanee

AnthonyBack:

Youknow,mythoughtaboutthatactuallyis

thatthemoreskilledthephysician,thelessthey

havetodistaneethemselves.Therearesomephrasesthatweuse,andthemostimportantonesarereallytheonesthatareaboutempathyforthepatient.You

know,"Iseethisisadifficultsituation,Iseethisisnotwhatyouexpected,I'mhopingforthebest."AndIthinkit'sfinefordoctorstotalkabouthope,andIthinkit'simportantactually.

AviArditti:

Letmeaskyou,haveyouseenanycultural

differencescomeupinthetrainingprogramsas

you'vehaddoctorsgothrough

AnthonyBack:

Youknow,wehaveactuallyavery

multiculturalgroupofphysicianswhocome,andtheyallbringinalltheirowndifferentvaluesabouthowfrankshouldpeoplebe.BecausetheAmericanstandard,ofcourse,isthatpatientsthemselvesgetalltheinformation,theymakethedecisionthemselves,andthere'sthisverystrongemphasisonautonomy.Andinalotofotherculturesthat'sreallynotthecase.

RosanneSkirble:

Andwhatgotyoustartedinthefirstplace

AnthonyBack：

Whatgotmestartedwas,whenlwasanoncology

trainee,andthiswasafterapersonalexperienee

--mymotherhaddiedofapre-leukemiakindofthing

--Irememberwalkingaroundinthebone-marrowtransplantwardswiththisexperieneed--itwasthisother,olderseniorphysician--goingaround

havingtheselife-and-deathconversationswithpatientsandthinking,God,therehasgottobeabetterwaytodothis.

AviArditti:

Theresult,saysDoctorAnthonyBackinSeattle,isaprogramthathasnowtrainedaboutonehundred-eightyoncologistsatretreatsheldtwiceayear.TheprogramWebsiteis--that'so-n-c-o-t-a-l-kdoti-n-f-o.

PartIllForeignaccents

Audioscript:

SectionI

Asfarasrmconcerned,IdotendtojudgepeopleImeet

bytheiraccents.Idon'tmeanthatrmasortofsnob,andonlylikepeoplewithposhaccents,butIneverfeelcomfortablewithanewpersonuntilI'vebeenabletoplacethemfromthewaytheyspeak.Ifit'sanEnglishperson,IfeelmuchmoreateaseifIcansay"Ah,hecomesformLiverpool",or"He'sprobablybeentopublicschool".IsupposethenIknowwhattotalkaboutandwhattoexpectfromtheotherperson.

Thesameistrueofforeigners.Personally,Iprefera

foreignertospeakwitharecognizableforeignaccent,sothatIknowthatrmtalkingtoaFrenchman,aGhanaian,aPole,andsoon.Soforme,itseemsabitpointlessforforeignerstotrydesperatelyhardtogetridoftheirnationalaccentandtrytospeakBBCEnglish.IfsomeoneisclearlyFrench,Iknowthere'snopointintalkingaboutcricketormakingjokesabouttheIrish.Andfrankly,Ithinkitevensoundsmoreattractive.Ican'treallyexplainwhy,butifapersonhasaforeignaccent,theyseemtobemoreinteresting,eveniftheyaresayingthemostordinarythings.

Audioscript:

SectionII

Mindyou,thereisalimittointelligibility.Iftheaccent

issostrongthatyouhaveastruggletounderstandwhattheyaresaying,thenthatgetsinthewayofthe

conversation,andtheflowisbrokenwhileyoutrytosort

outthesoundsintomeaningfulbits.Idon'tmeananaccentasstrongasthat.I'mtalkingaboutthekindofaccentwhereyoucantellimmediatelywhichcountrythepersoncomesfrom,butwherethey'vegotenoughEnglishtocarryonagoodconversationwithoutsearchingforwords,ormessingupthegrammarsothatyoulosethethread.Isupposeit'sthekindofaccentmostforeignershave,really.Tobehonest,it'sonlyaveryfewwhohavesuchagoodearthattheyproducemoreorlessgenuineBritish

English,andeventhenitcanbequiteamusingbecausetheymayhavepickedupaclearlyregionalaccent,orevenaveryupper-classaccentwhi