最新牛津译林版英语高二年级上册册module 5《unit 2 the environment》教案doc.docx
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最新牛津译林版英语高二年级上册册module5《unit2theenvironment》教案doc
Module5Unit2Newwordsandexpressions
Part1Wordsfrompage22to25
1.debate
debate既可用作名词,又可用作动词,意为“辩论,争辩,争论”。
用作名词时有如下用法:
AfteralongdebateDavidwaschosencaptainofourschoolfootballteam.
Theproposalunderdebatewasputforwardbyourmonitor.
用作动词时,过去式和过去分词分别是debated,debated;现在分词为debating。
常构成短语debateaboutsth.withsb.意为“与某人争论某事”等。
举例如下:
Whataretheydebatingabout?
Theyweredebatingwhethertogotothemountainsortotheseasidefortheirholidays?
Beforewemakeafinaldecision,wemustdebatethequestionwiththerestofthemembers.
Wedebatedformorethananhourontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthatplantoprotectourenvironment.
名词debater的意思是辩论者
2.lay
lay在本单元是用作动词,意思有“产卵,下蛋,放置,摆放”等。
其过去式、过去分词分别为laid,laid,现在分词是laying。
lay的主要用法有:
Howmanyeggsdoesthehenlayeachweek?
Newlaideggs,onedollareachdozen.
Shelaidherhandonmyshoulder.
Pleaselaydownyourpensandjustlistentomecarefully.
Icarefullylaidmynewjacketonthebed.
Thenbothsidesstartedlayingtheblameoneachother.
Whydon’tyoulaythatproblemasideforawhileandthinkaboutitlater?
Hewaswillingtolaydownhislifeforhiscountry.
lay构成的词组
(1)Pleaselaythetablefordinner.摆设餐具
(2)Thecouplelaidasidesomemoneyfortheiroldage.储蓄
(3)Thepresidentlaidgreatemphasisonwouldpeace.放重点在……上
(4)Don’tlayalltheblamefortheaccidentonme.归罪于
(5)Someworkerswerelaidoffbecauseofashortageofmaterials.暂时解雇
注意lay与lie的区别。
lie有两种意思,一是“说谎”,过去式、过去分词分别为lied,lied;现在分词是lying;二是“位于,躺”,过去式、过去分词分别为lay,lain;现在分词是lying。
(1)Pleaselaythebookwhereitlay.
(2)Thelittleboyliedthathehadlaidtheegglaidbythehenlyingunderthetreeinthebox.
3.approach
approach既可用作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词,意为“接近,靠近”,分别可指距离上、时间上,或某种状态上的接近。
如:
Thelittleboyapproachedthemousequietlyandwatchedit.
Assummerapproached,theweatherbecamehotterandhotter.
Hisworkisapproachingperfection.
Heisratherdifficulttoapproach.=It’snoteasytogetonfriendlytermswithhim.
approach也可用作名词,指“接近,渐近”或“(人)易、难亲近”。
如:
Thebirdsflewawayinalldirectionsatmyapproach.
Theapproachoftheexaminationmadehimnervous.
Myclassteacheriseasyofapproach.
4.beneficial
beneficial是形容词,意为“有益的,有利的,有帮助的”,是正式用语。
常构成短语“bebeneficialto…”,意为“对……有帮助的”,如:
Enoughsleep,goodfoodandsomeexercisearebeneficialtothehealth.
Ihopethisholidaywillbebeneficialformyhusband,whoisunderhighpressureofwork.
beneficial的名词和动词都是benefit。
作为名词时,意为“利益,帮助,恩惠,益处”,常构成短语beofbenefitto,意为“对……有裨益”;以及forthebenefitof,意为“为了……的利用”,用法如下:
Igotalotofbenefitfromtravelingaroundtheworld.
Thesecollectedmoneywillbeusedforthebenefitofthepeoplefromflood-strickenareas.
benefit既可用作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,意为“有益于;对……有益,因……得到利益”。
如:
Theprojectforenvironmentalprotectionwillbenefitusenormously.
Ibenefitedalotfrommyteacher’sadvice.
5.production
production作不可数名词时,意为“生产,产出,产量,生产量”。
如:
Thecompanyisfamousfortheproductionofmobilephones.
Productionhasbeenincreasedbyusingbettermethods.
Thistypeofcarsisproducedinmassproduction.
production的动词是produce,意为“生产”;形容词是“productive”,意为“多产的”;另外一个名词是可数名词product,意为“产品,生产物”,如:
Whatarethechieffarmproductsinyourprovince?
6.responsibility
responsibility是不可数名词,意为“责任,职责,负责”,如:
Hedon’thaveasenseofresponsibility,soheisn’tpopularwithhisclassmates.
Hetriedtoavoidtakingresponsibilityfortheaccident.
Itistheresponsibilityofeveryofustoprotectourenvironment.
responsible是形容词,意为“有责任的,应负责任的”,如:
Parentsareresponsiblefortheirchildren’ssafety.
Whoisresponsibleforthemessintheclassroom?
Isn’thetooyoungforsucharesponsiblejob?
7.effective
effective是形容词,意为“有效的”,如:
Thelocalgovernmenthasalreadytakensomeeffectivemeasuretodevelopthecitywithoutdamagingtheecosystem.
Thismedicineishighlyeffectiveagainstbird-flu.
ThenewlawbecomeseffectiveonOctober1st.
effective的比较级和最高级分别为“moreeffective”和“themosteffective”。
其副词为effectively,意为“有效地”。
反义词是ineffective,意为“无效的”;名词是effect,意为“功效,作用”,常构成词组havea/an…effecton…,意为“对…产生…的作用”。
effect一词的用法举例如下:
Thismedicinehadagood/abad/aside/anill/aninstant/anegativeeffectonthatpatient.
Punishmenthadverylittleeffectonthosefactories,whichcreatedharmfulwaste.
Theplansofprotectingtheendangeredanimalswillsoonbecarriedintoeffect.
8.willing
willing是形容词,意为“乐意的,自愿的”。
如:
Areyouwillingthatheshouldbeadmittedintoourclub?
Aretheywillingworkersforenvironmentalprotection?
willing的比较级和最高级分别是morewilling和themostwilling,其副词是willingly,意为“乐意地”,名词是“willingness”,意为“心甘情愿”,如:
Hegaveuphisseattotheoldladywillingly.
Thosevolunteersshowedgreatwillingnesstoserveinthe2008OlympicGames.
9.figure
figure可用作名词,意为“数字”,如:
ItisreportedthatalotofpeopleinChinaareinfectedwithAIDS.Thefigureisreallyincredible.
Hehasanincomeofsixfigures.
Thepriceofthehouseisinsevenfigures.
figure用作名词还有其他意思,如“图形,身材,大人物”等。
如:
Theblackboardwascoveredwithinterestingfigures.
Itakeexerciseeverymorningtokeepmyfigure.
BillGatesisanoutstandingfigureinIT.
figure也可用作动词,构成词组figureout,意为“计算出,理解”,如:
Ican’tfigureoutwhyshedroppedschool.
Part2Wordsfrompage29to35
1.state
state在本单元用作名词,意为“状态,状况,情形”。
用法如下:
Generallyspeaking,matterhasthreestates-solid,liquidandgas.
Thepatientisinapoorstateofhealth.
state用作名词还可指“国家、(构成联邦共和国的)州、国家的”。
如:
HowmanystatesarethereintheUnitedStatesofAmerica?
Therailroadsbelongtothestateinthiscountry.
state也可用作动词,意为“陈述、声明”。
如:
ThevisitingPrimeMinisterstatedthatseveralagreementshadbeenreachedduringthestatevisit.
2.shocked
shock是及物动词,意为“使震惊,使震动”。
Theresultofthetsunamiisveryshocking,withdeadbodieshereandthere.
Iwasshockedatthenewsofhissuddendeath.=Iwasshockedtohearthenewsofhissuddendeath.
shock也可用作名词,意为“震惊、冲击、震动”。
如:
Thenewsofhissuddendeathwasagreatshocktous.
Threeshocksoftheearthquakeswerefeltlastnight.
[拓展]同shock一样,还有一些不可数名词,如success,failure,honor,danger,surprise等;当指具体的每个人或某件事时,前面可加a或an,如:
LiuXiangisreallyagreatsuccess.
Myclassteacherturnedupatmybirthdayparty,whichwasreallyabigsurprise.
3.disappointed
disappoint是及物动词,意为“使失望”。
常以过去分词disappointed作形容词,意为“失望的,沮丧的”,构成词组bedisappointedat/about/with,意为“对…而感到失望”,及bedisappointedtodosth.,意为“做…而感到失望”。
用法举例如下:
Theresultoftheexperimentreallydisappointedus.
Pleasedon’tdisappointme.
Whatareyoulookingsodisappointedabout?
Hewasdisappointedtohearthenewsthathisvisawasrefused.
Weweredisappointedthatourteamhadlostthegame.
disappointing是形容词,意为“让人失望的,令人扫兴的”,如:
Howdisappointingtheweatherthissummeris!
disappointment是名词,意为“失望,灰心,扫兴”,如:
Whenheheardthebadnews,hisdisappointmentwasobvious.
Muchtomydisappointment,thepicnicwasputoffbecauseofthebadweather.
4.shame
shame在本单元用作名词,意为“可耻的事或人”时可用作可数名词,“羞耻,羞愧”时是不可数名词。
如:
Whatashametotakeintheoldlady!
Hewascalledashametohisclassforhischeatingintheexam.
Tomyshame,Imadethesamemistakeagain.
Theboyhunghisheadinshame.
Ifeltshameathavingtoldalie.
shameful是形容词,意为“可耻的”,shamefully是副词,意为“可耻的”。
5.arrival
arrival是名词,意为“到达者;到达物;到达,到来”。
如:
OurtimeofarrivalinSydneyiseighto’clock.
Onhisarrivalhome,hekissedbothofhiskids.
Wearewaitingforthearrivalofthenews.
Thereareseveralnewarrivalsatthehotel.
arrive用作不及物动词,意为“到达,抵达”。
arrive后面加介词at,则为到达较小的场所,如:
家、店、镇等;后面加介词in,则为到达较大的地方,如:
国家、大都市等;而on则用于岛屿及现场等,如:
Whenshallwearriveattheairport?
I’llphoneyouthetimeIarriveinNewYork.
Thepolicearrivedonthesceneinnotime.
Ittookthemalongtimetoarriveataconclusion.
Atlastthedaytheyhadbeenlookingforwardtoarrived.
6.limited
limited为形容词,意为“有限的”。
如:
Hisknowledgeofhistoryisratherlimited.
Thelimitededitionmadethestampmovevaluable.
Youshoulddrivewithinthelimitedspeedinthisarea,otherwiseyou’llbefined.
limit作名词时,意为“极限,限度,界限”。
如:
Thetaskistoomuchforme.Iknowmylimits.
Herpatiencereacheditslimit.
Ifonlythebankswouldlendmoneywithoutlimit?
limit作动词时,意为“限制,限定”。
常用词组limitsb./sth.tosth.,意为“把…限制在…内”。
如:
Wemustlimittheexpensetowhatwecanafford.
Motherlimitedustoanice-creameach.
7.decreased
decrease既可作动词用,又可作名词用,反义词为increase。
作动词时,意为“减少,使减退”。
如:
Thankstothenewtrafficlaw,thenumberoftrafficaccidenthasdecreased.
Thenumberofmiludeerhasdecreasedto250inthatarea.
Theconductordecreasedthespeedofthetrainbecauseofthetrafficaccidentahead.
decrease作名词时,意为“减少的数量”。
词组onthedecrease相当于decreasing,意为“在减少中”。
如:
Therehasbeenadecreaseinthenumberofsmokersthisyear.
Istheftonthedecrease?
8.equipment
equipment是不可数名词,意为“设备,器材,装备”。
如:
What’sthecostofequipment?
We’llvisitafactorywithmodernequipmentthisafternoon.
Hespentmuchtimeandmoneyontheequipmentofhisnewhouse.
equip是动词,意为“装备于…,使…本身具备”,过去式、过去分词分别为equipped、equipped,现在分词为equipping。
用法举例如下:
Shallweequipourofficewithaprinter?
Wefoundournewschoolequippedwithdifferentkindsofsportsfacilities.
Themorewelearn,themoreequippedfordealingwithallkindsofproblemsinthemodernsocietywebecome.
9.measures
measure在本单元作可数名词用,意为“措施,方法”,通常以复数形式出现。
如:
Thetookstrongmeasuresagainstdangerousdrivers.
Theschoolhastakensomemeasurestopreventcheating.
measure作名词时,还有“尺寸,大小,基准”等。
如:
Ihadacoatmadetomyownmeasure.
Itookthemeasureofmystudy.
Wealthisnotalwaysthemeasureofsuccess.
measure可用作动词,意为“测量(长度,大小,重量等),测定;测…的尺寸”。
如:
Thetailormeasuredmeforasuit.
Thepolicemena