北京故宫英文导游辞.docx

北京故宫英文导游辞.docx

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北京故宫英文导游辞

北京故宫英文导游辞

forbiddencity（紫禁城）

（infrontofthemeridiangate）

ladiesandgentlemen:

iampleasedtoserveasyourguidetoday.

itisbelievedthatthepalacemuseum,orzijincheng（purpleforbiddencity）,gotitsnamefromastronomyfolklore,theancientastronomersdividedtheconstellationsintogroupsandcenteredthemaroundtheziweiyuan（northstar）.theconstellationcontainingthenorthstarwascalledtheconstellationofheavenlygodandstaritselfwascalledthepurplepalace.becausetheemperorwassupposedlythesonoftheheavenlygods,hiscentralanddominantpositionwouldbefurtherhighlightedtheuseofthewordpurpleinthenameofhisresidence.infolklore,theterm”aneasternpurplecloudisdrifting”becameametaphorforauspiciouseventsafterapurplecloudwasseendriftingeastwardimmediatelybeforethearrivalofanancientphilosopher,laozi,tothehanghupass.here,purpleisassociatedwithauspiciousdevelopments.thewordjin（forbidden）isself-explanatoryastheimperialpalacewasheavilyguardedandoff-explanatoryastheimperialpalacewasheavilyguardedandoff-limitstoordinarypeople.

theredandyellowusedonthepalacewallsandroofsarealsosymbolic.redrepresentshappiness,goodfortuneandwealth.yellowisthecoloroftheearthontheloessplateau,theoriginalhomeofthechinesepeople.yellowbecameanimperialcolorduringthetangdynasty,whenonlymembersoftheroyalfamilywereallowedtowearitanduseitintheirarchitecture.

manpowerandmaterialsthroughoutthecountrywereusedtobuildtheforbiddencity.atotalof230,000artisansandonemillionlaborerswereemployed.marblewasquarriedfromfangshancountrymountpaninjixiancountyinhebeiprovince.granitewasquarriedinquyangcountyinhebeiprovince.pavingblockswerefiredinkilnsinsuzhouinsouthernchina.bricksandscarletpigmentationusedonthepalatialwallscamefromlinqinginshandongprovince.timberwascut,processedandhauledfromthenorthwesternandsouthernregions.

thestructureinfrontofusisthemeridiangate.itisthemainentrancetotheforbiddencity.itisalsoknowsaswufenglou（five-phoenixtower）.mingemperorsheldlavishbanquetshereonthe15thdayofthefirstmonthofthechineselunaryearinhornoroftheircounties.theyalsousedthisplaceforpunishingofficalsbyfloggingthemwithsticks.

qingemperorsusedthisbuildingtoannouncethebeginningofthenewyear.qingemperorqianglongchangedtheoriginalnameofthisannouncementceremonyfrombanli（announcementofcalendar）tobanshou（announcementofnewmoon）toavoidcoincidentalassociationwithanotheremperor`sname,hongli,whichwasconsideredatabooatthattime.qingdynastyemperorsalsousedthisplacetoholdaudienceandforotherimportantceremonies.forexample,whentheimperialarmyreturnedvictoriouslyfromthebattlefield,itwasherethattheemperorpresidedovertheceremonytoacceptprisonersofwar.

Wade–GilesromanizationWu-t’aiShan,PinyinWutaiShanmountainandmountainchaininnortheastShansiProvince,China.Themountainchainisamassifwithasouthwest–northeastaxis,separatedfromtheHengShan（mountains）tothenorthwestbythevalleyoftheHu-t’oHo（river）,whichcurvesarounditssouthernflanktoflowintotheNorthChinaPlaininHopehProvince.Mt.Wu-t’aiisactuallyaclusterofflat-toppedpeaksfromwhichthemountaintakesitsname（FiveTerraces）.Thehighestpeakis10,033ft（3,058m）abovesealevel.

Mt.Wu-t’aiisparticularlyfamousasoneofthegreatholyplacesofChineseBuddhism.Greatnumbersoftemples,includingsomeoftheoldestwoodenbuildingssurvivinginChina,arescatteredoverthemountain;thelargesttemples—suchastheHsien-t’ung,theTa-ta-yüan,andthePu-sa-ting-shen-jung-yüan—aregroupedaroundthetownofT’ai-huai-chen.

Mt.Wu-t’aiappearsfirsttohavebecomeaholymountaintotheTaoistadeptsofthelaterHandynasty（AD25–220）butcameintoprominenceinthe5thcenturyundertheNorthernWeidynasty（386–534/35）when,asCh’ing-liangShan,itbecameidentifiedasthedwellingplaceofMãnjuśrībodhisattva（aheavenlybeingwhovoluntarilypostponeshisBuddhahoodinordertoworkforworldlywelfareandunderstanding）.ThecultofMãnjuśrīwasintensifiedundertheT’angdynasty（618–907）.InearlyT’angtimesMountWu-t’aiwascloselyassociatedwiththepatriarchsoftheHua-yenBuddhistschool,becomingtheprincipalcentreoftheirteaching.DuringthisperioditattractedscholarsandpilgrimsnotonlyfromallpartsofChinabutalsofromJapan,whocontinuedtovisitandstudythereuntilthe12thcentury.

ManyoftheothermonasteriesintheregionwereattachedtoCh’anBuddhism,whichinthe9thcenturyfoundpatronageintheregionfromtheprovincialgovernorsoftheneighbouringareasofHopeh,whowereabletoprotectMountWu-t’aifromtheworstravagesofthegreatreligiouspersecutionthatoccurredfrom843to845.UnderMongolruleinthelate13thcentury,TibetanBuddhism（Lamaism）wasfirstintroducedtoMountWu-t’ai.DuringtheCh’ingdynasty（1644–1911/12）,whentheTibetanBuddhistreligionwasanimportantelementinrelationsbetweentheChinesecourtandtheirMongolandTibetanvassalsandwhenthestategavelavishsupporttomonasteriesinhabitedbylamas（monks）,MountWu-t’aiwasoneoftheprincipalmonasticcentres.

Fewofthepresentbuildingsareveryold,butthemainhalloftheHua-kuangSsu,datingfrom857,istheoldestsurvivingwoodenbuildinginChina.

TheExhibitionofInscribedBambooTabletsofWuKingdomoftheThreeKingdomsatChangsha Ladiesandgentlemen,

WelcometoChangshamuseum.Wellbeheretovisit“TheExhibitionofInscribedBamboo TabletsofWuKingdomoftheThreeKingdomsatChangshaandTheYearsofUnearthed MostValuableCulturalRelics”.Ihopemyexplanationcansatisfyyou!

   Now,weareinthefirstexhibitionhall.Here,itadoptspanoramictechnique,andrestoresthesiteofunearthingBambooTabletsofWuKingdom.In1996,duringJulytoNovember,inthesoutheastofWuYisquare,teamupwithPingHeTangDepartment.TheexhumationswerecarriedonbyChangsharelicsworkteams.Theyunearth61archaicwellsduringthe

WarringStatesperiodandtheMingandQingDynasty,andfoundout3000kindsofrelics,likecopper,ironbamboo,wood,ceramics,andsoon.Topeople’sastonishment,intheNo.22archaicwell,theyfoundlotsofbambootabletsandwooden

slips.Afterconfirming,theyaretherelicsofSunWuinThreekingdoms1700yearsago.Thesepatchesofrelicswouldreplenishthelackedhistoricalmaterialsofthreekingdomsexactly.Ourcountryoncehadfourdiscoveries:

TheoracleboneinscriptionofYin,bambootabletsandwoodenslipsofTunxuinnorthwestChina,CulturalbooksofDunhuangstoneroom,FilesofQingcabinet.BambooTabletsofWuKingdomoftheThreeKingdomsatChangshacanbementionedinthesamebreathwiththefourdiscoveries,andbecomethesearchingsubjectofinternationalacademia.

Everybody!

PleaselookatthecrosssectionreconstructionoftheNO.22archaicwell.Itsupperpartofopeningwasdamagedwhenitwasexcavating.Thisisanirregularcircularshapeverticalshaft;thebottomhasabagformlikely.Theopeningofthewellhasalength3.5mfromsouthtonorth,3.1mfromeasttowest,and5.6mindepth.Theopeningiscoveredwithpureredbrowncolorclay,1.5mdeeperofwhichisthebambootabletsandwoodenslipslayer.Thebambootabletsandwoodenslipslayeris50cmthickincenterand20cmthinonallsides,piledupwithslopeform.Theropestiedthebambootabletsandwoodenslipshavebecomerotten,butwecanseetheywereburiedbybundlesatthattime.Therearemorethan10,000piecesofbambootabletsandwoodenslipsbytheinitialstatistics.Thesecondlayeristhegraybrownclaylayerof3.1mthick,amongthemmixup

withlotsofbamboowoodscrapes,grassscrapes,leaves,fragmentarybricks,potteryandporcelainandsoon.Atthebottomofthewellisanothersmallwell,whichhassquarewoodenframe.Thefourcornersarenailedbyastickofspileinlayedwithtwowoodenboardsasthewellwall.Thecircleofthewellis93cmlong,58cmtall.Thefunctionofthissmallwellisprobablyforgatheringthegroundwaterfromallsidesofthewell,and thenputforwardtopouroutwithwaterpitcherandothertoolsinordertomaintainthewellspacedry.Thisisthelivingphototakenbythetimeofexcavating.

  AnalyzingthestructureandrelicsofthewellNO.22,itisanancientwellforstoringfood.TheclimateofChangshaissohot,wetandrainythatthefoodiseasytoberot,butthecircumstanceunderthegroundof10mdepthisjustlikeasamodernrefrigerator.ThearchaeologicaldiscoveriesapprovedthatpeoplehadusedthisstoringmethodfromthetimeofShangdynasty. 

Youmayaskthat,whywerethebambootabletsofWuKingdomburiedinthewell?

Therearetwostatements.ThefirstoneconsideredthatintheperiodofThreeKingdoms,thereweresomanywars,thesuddenlyburst-outwarmadepeopleburythemhereinahurry.Theotherconsideredthattoburytheminthewellmaybeawayofdealingwiththerecordsinthepast.

　Nowpleaselookatthephoto.ThisisthephotoofunearthingtheNo.22well.Wecanseethatthebambootabletsandwoodenslipsweresoakedinthemud.Whycantheybekeptintactforover1700years?

OneoftheimportantreasonsisthatthegroundwaterlevelinChangshawasveryhigh,andthebambootabletsandwoodenslipsweresoakedinthewater.Besides,theywereburieddeeply;theycanbesealedupwall.Withth