医学英语考试复习重点.docx
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医学英语考试复习重点
Pronounceeachmedicalwordcorrectly,andwriteoutthepronunciationofeachunderlinedletter(s).(1pointforeach,10pointsinall)
Puttheprimarystressoneachofthefollowingmedicalwords.(1pointforeach,10pointsinall)
TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsintoChinese.(1.5pointforeach,15pointsinall)
TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish.(1.5pointforeach,15pointsinall)
Givethemeaningforeachofthefollowingwordsaccordingtoyourknowledgeofcombiningwordelements.(2pointforeach,30pointsinall)
Makemedicalwordsaccordingtothegivienexplanationandyourknowledgeofmedicalwordforming.(1pointforeach,10pointsinall)
Choosetherightanswerforeachofthefollowingitems.(1pointforeach,10pointsinall)
Chapter1CardiovascularSystemTerminology
PartIRootsforthecardiovascularsystem
atriotomy心房切开术
angi(o)-bloodvessel
angitis[æn'dʒaitis]脉管炎
angioplasty['ændʒiəu,plæsti]血管成形术
angiostenosis[,ændʒiəusti'nəusis]血管狭窄
angiorrhaphy['ændʒiəu'ɔrəfi]血管缝术
angiectasis[,ændʒi'ektəsis]血管扩张
arteri(o)-arteryorarteries
arteriogram[ɑ:
'tiəriəuɡræm]动脉造影照片
arteriorrhexis[ɑ:
tiəri'ɔreksis]动脉破裂
arteriopathy动脉病
arteriosclerosis[ɑ:
tiəriəusklə'rəusis]动脉硬化
aort(o)-[ei'ɔ:
tə]:
aorta主动脉
ather(o)-acombiningformdenotingglue-likedepositoratheroma粥样斑,
atherosclerosis[,æθərəu'dʒenisis]动脉粥样硬化
aortorrhaphy主动脉缝合术
aortectomy主动脉部分切除术
aortotomy主动脉切开术
atri(o)-:
atriumoftheheart
valv(o)-orvalvul(o)-:
valve
atrioventricular[,eitriəuven'trikjulə]房室的
valvulitis心瓣炎
valvotome瓣膜刀
atriomegaly心房肥大
valvulopathy(心)瓣病
cardi(o)-:
heartorthecardiacorifice
bradycardia心动过缓
pericarditis[,perikɑ:
'daitis]心包炎
tachycardia心动过速
cardiomyopathy心肌病
myocarditis心肌炎
phleb(o)-acombiningformdenotingrelationshiptoaveinorveins
phlebostenosis静脉狭窄
phleborrhagia静脉出血
phlebography静脉造影(术)
phlebotomy[fli'bɔtəmi]静脉切开术,放血术
vas(o)-:
bloodvesselorduct
ven(o)-:
vein
venostasis[,vi:
nə'steisis]静脉郁滞
vasculitis血管炎
vasography血管造影术
vasospasm血管痉挛
PartII Clinicalandpathologicalconditions
Atherosclerosis:
Embolism
HeatFailure
Hypertension:
Myocardialinfarction-
Anginapectoris-
Chapter2RespiratorySystemTerminology
PartIRootsfortheRespiratorysystem
rhinorrhea:
鼻液溢laryngo-喉;bronchogenic支气管原的;bronchiole细支气管
bronchorrhagia支气管出血
bronchoscopy[brɔŋ'kɔskəpi]支气管镜检查法
bronchiecctasis支气管扩张
bronchostenosis支气管狭窄
bronchitis支气管炎
bronchocele['brɔŋkənsi:
l]支气管囊肿
laryng(o)-:
larynx(throat)
laryngostenosis喉狭窄.
laryngitis喉炎
laryngectomy[,lærin'dʒektəmi]喉切除术
laryngostomy[,læriŋ'ɡɔstəmi]喉造口术
laryngoscope喉镜
laryngocentesis喉穿刺术
pharyng(o)-acombiningformdenotingrelationshiptothepharynx咽
pharyngocele咽囊肿[fə'riŋɡɔsi:
']
pharyngostenosis[,fəringəu'stinəusis]咽狭窄
pharyngorrhagia[,færingə'reidʒiə]咽出血
pharyngemphraxis[,færindʒemf'ræksis]咽阻塞
pleur(o)-:
pleura胸膜
pleuropexy胸膜固定术
pleurocentesis胸腔穿刺术
pleurodynia[,pluərə'diniə]胸膜痛
pleurotomy胸膜切开术
pneum(o)-acombiningformdenotingrelationshiptorespiration,thelungs,orair
pneumonectomy[,nju:
məu'nektəmi]肺切除术
pneumonia肺炎
pneumomelanosis肺黑变病
pneumoconiosis肺尘症
rhin(o)-nose
rhinostenosis鼻道狭窄
rhinoplasty['rainəu,plæsti]鼻成形术
rhinorrhagia[,rainə'reidʒiə]鼻出血
rhinosinusitis鼻窦炎
thorac(o)-:
thorax
pneumothorax气胸
hydrothorax胸膜积水
hemothorax血胸
thoracentesis胸腔穿刺术
pyothorax脓胸
trache(o)-:
tracheaorthewindpipe
tracheopyosis气管化脓
tracheitis[,treiki'aitis]气管炎
tracheomalacia[,treikiəmə'leiʃiə]气管软化
tracheorrhaphy气管缝合(术)
-pnea:
breathorrespiration
oligopnea呼吸迟缓
tachypnea[,tækip'ni:
ə]呼吸急促
dyspnea呼吸困难
eupnea,呼吸正常,正常呼吸
apnea[æp'niə]呼吸暂停
orthopnea[ɔ:
'θɔpniə]端坐呼吸
hyperpnea[,haipəp'ni:
ə]呼吸增强,呼吸过度
bradypnoea呼吸缓慢
hypopnea[hai'pɔpni:
ə,,haipəu'ni:
ə]呼吸减弱,呼吸不足
PartII Clinicalandpathologicalconditions
Tuberculosis
Asthma.
Pneumoconiosis
Chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD)
Emphysema,
Chapter3MusculoskeletalSystem
PartIRootsforthemusculoskeletalsystem
Vertebralcolumn脊柱;calcaneus跟骨;carpals腕骨;metacarpals掌骨;phalanges指骨,趾骨;tarsals:
踝眼骨跗骨;metatarsals:
跖骨[zhígǔ];tibia胫骨;humerus肱骨coccyx尾骨
Inotropic[,inə'trɔpik]变力的;影响肌肉收缩的;fasciodesis:
筋膜固定术;
tenorrhaphy腱缝术;cardiotonic强心药;dyskinesia[,diskai'ni:
ziə]运动障碍
myeloblast['maiələublɑ:
st]成髓细胞,原始粒细胞;asynovia滑液缺乏;
bursa:
粘液囊,滑液囊;bursotomy粘液囊切开术
acr(o)-:
extremity,tiporend
acrodynia[,ækrə'dainiə]肢端痛
acromegaly肢端肥大症
acrocyanosis【,ækrəusiə'nəusis]手足发绀
arthr(o)-:
jointorjoints
arthrosclerosis[,ɑ:
θrəuskliə'rəusis]关节硬化
arthrodysplasia关节发育不良
arthrodesis[ɑ:
'θrɔdəsis]关节固定术
arthralgia关节痛
chondr(o)-:
cartilage
chondromalacia软骨软化
chondrocyte软骨细胞
chondrosarcoma软骨肉瘤
chondrodysplasia软骨发育不全
chondrofibroma软骨纤维瘤
cost(o)-:
ribs
rachi(o)-:
spine
costosternoplasty肋骨胸骨成形术
.rachiocentesis椎管穿刺
costalagia肋骨痛
rachitis脊柱炎
rachiography脊柱造影
my(o)-:
muscle
myoblastoma[,maiəblæs’təumə]成肌细胞瘤
myosclerosis肌硬化(症)
myodynia肌痛
myodysplasia肌发育异常
myoatrophy肌萎缩
oste(o)-:
boneorbones
osteoarthritis[,ɔstiəuɑ:
'θraitis]骨关节炎
osteoclast['ɔstiəuklæst]破骨细胞
osteoblast['ɔstiəublæst]成骨细胞
osteonecrosisɔstiəune'krəusis]骨坏死[
sarc(o)-:
fleshorconnectivetissue肌肉、结缔组织
sarcolipoma脂肉瘤
sarcoblast成肌细胞
carcinosarcoma[,kɑ:
sinəusɑ:
'kəumə]癌肉瘤
spondyl(o):
vertebraorthespinalcolumn脊椎,脊柱
spondylitis脊椎炎
spondylomalacia脊椎软化
spondylosis[,spɔndi'ləusis]椎关节强直
spondylopathy脊椎病
syndesm(o):
ligaments与结缔组织、特别是与韧带有关
syndesmoplasty韧带成形术
syndesmopexy[sin'dezmə,peksi]韧带固定术
ten(o)-,tend(o)-:
tendons腱
tenosynovitis腱鞘炎
tenotomy腱切断术
tenorrhaphy腱缝合术
tenectomy腱鞘切除术
PartII CommonMusclesDisordersandDiseases
Metabolicbonedisease.
Osteoporosis
Arthritis.
Rheumatoidarthritis
Gout
Chapter4IntegumentarySystem(Skin)Terminology
PartIRoots
derm(o)-ordermat(o)-:
skin
-derma:
skinorskindisease
dermatitis皮炎
hypodermic皮下的
dermatosclerosis[,də:
mətəsklə'rəusis]硬皮病
dermatopathy[,də:
mə'tɔpəθi]皮肤病
epiderm(o)-theouterlayerofskin表皮
epidermosis表皮病
epidermoma表皮瘤
epidermatoplasty[,epidə:
'mætɔ,plæsti]表皮成形术
hidr(o)-:
sweatorsweatglands汗,汗腺
hyperhidrosis多汗(症)[,haipəhi'drəusis]
hidradenitis[,haidrædi'naitis]汗腺炎
hypohidrosis少汗症
anhidrosis[,ænhai'drəusis]无汗症
hidradenoma汗腺腺瘤
hist(o)-:
tissue组织
histiocytosis[,histiəsi'təusis]组织细胞增多病
histogenesis[,histəu'dʒenisis]组织发生
histiocytoma组织细胞瘤
kerat(o)-:
hornorhornytissue
keratosis角化病
keratinocyte[kə'rætinəsait]角质化细胞
keratogenesis[,kerətəu'dʒenisis]角质生成
lip(o)-:
fat,fatty,fattytissueorlipid
lipidosis脂沉积(症)
hyperlipemia[,haipə(:
)li'pi:
miə]高脂血症
lipoatrophy皮下脂肪萎缩,脂肪营养不良
PartIIClinicalandpathologicalconditions
Eczema
Psoriasis
Systemiclupuserythematosus(SLE)
Malignantmelanoma
Pruritus
Chapter5DigestiveSystemTerminology
PartI Roots
antr(o)-:
antrumofthestomach
appendic(o)-vermiformappendix阑尾
appendicocele阑尾疝
appendicostomy阑尾造口术
antrectomy[æn'trektəmi]窦切除术
antrostomy窦造口术
cholangi(o)-bileduct胆管
cholangitis[,kɔlən'dʒaitis]胆管炎
cholangiectasis胆管扩张
cholangiography[kə,lændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]胆管造影(术)
cholangioscopy胆管窥镜检查
cholangioenterostomy胆管小肠吻合术
choledoch(o)-:
commonbileduct
choledocholithasis胆总管石病
choledocholithotripsy胆总管碎石术
choledochoscope胆总管(窥)镜
choledocholithotomy胆总管石切除术
choledochectomy胆总管部分切除术
choledochotomy胆总管切开术
chol(o)-:
bilesac胆囊
cholecystitis[,kɔlisis'taitis]胆囊炎
cholepoiesis胆汁生成
cholecystolithiasis胆囊结石病
cholecystosonography胆囊声像图检查
cholestasis[,kɔli'steisis]胆汁郁积
cholecystoptosis胆囊下垂
colo-:
colon
colocentesis结肠穿刺术
colonoscopy结肠镜检查[术]
colorrhaphy结肠缝合术
colonalgia结肠痛
duoden(o)-:
duodenum十二指肠
duodenostomy十二指肠造口术
duodenorrhaphy十二指肠缝术
duodenectomy[,dju:
əudi'nektəmi]十二指肠切除术
enter(o)-:
intestines
enterolysis肠粘连松解术
enteroclysis灌肠(法)
enterorrhexis[,entərə'reksis]肠破裂
enterospasm肠痉挛
esophag(o)-:
thepassagethatcarriesfood食管
esophagodynia[i,sɔfəɡəu'diniə]食管痛
esophagostenosis食管狭窄
esophagoscope[i:
'sɔfəɡəskəup]食管镜
esophagocele[i'sɔfəɡəusi:
l]食管突出
gastr(o)-:
stomach
gastroptosis胃下垂
gastritis胃炎
gastropathy胃病
gastrorrhagia[,gæstrə'reidʒiə]胃出血
gastroduodenitis[,ɡæstrəu,dju:
əudi’naitis]胃十二指肠炎
gloss(o)-:
tongue
macroglossia[,mækrəu'glɔsiə]巨舌(症)
glossodynia舌痛
hepat(o)-acombiningformdenotingrelationshiptotheliver
hepatitis肝炎
hepatomegaly[,hepətəu'meɡəli]肝大
hepatorrhexis肝破裂
hepatectomy[,hepə'tektəmi]肝切除
laparo-:
abdominalwallorabdomen
laparocystotomy[,læpərəusis'tɔtəmi]剖腹囊肿切除术
laparorrhaphy[læpə'rɔrəfi]腹壁缝术
laparoenterostomy[,læpərəu,entə’rɔstəmi]剖腹肠造口术
laparoscopy[læpə'rɔskəpi]腹腔镜检查
peritone(o)-peritoneum腹膜
polypectomy[,pɔli'pektəmi]息肉切除
peritonitis腹膜炎
peritoneocentesis[,peri,təunjəsen'ti:
sis]腹膜穿刺
peritonealgia腹膜痛
proct(o)-rectumoranus肛门,直肠
proctop’tosis直肠脱垂
proctocele直肠突出
proctoscopy[,prɔk'tɔskəpi]直肠镜检查
proctorrhagia直肠出血
-pepsia:
digestion消化
-phagia:
eatingorswallowing噬,食
dyspepsia消化不良
dysphagia吞咽困难
polyphagia多食
hyperpepsia胃酸过多性消化不良
PartIICommonDigestiveSystemDisorders
Diarrhea
Heartburn
Pepticulcer
HepatitisLiver
Cholelithiasis
Pancreatitis
Appendicitis
PartIIIVideowatchingandcomprehension
Chapter6UrinarySystemTerminology
PartIRoots
Nephr/o,ren/o
Kidney
Nephritis,renalartery
Hydro/o
Water
Hydronephrosis(abnormalconditioninvolvingbackupofurineintothekidney
Cyst/o
Bladder
Cystitis,cystectomy(inflammationof,removalofbladder)
Pyel/o
Renalcollectingducts
Pyelogram(X-rayofthecollectingducts)
Ur/o,-uria
Urine
Polyuria,anuria(frequenturination,nourineformation)
Olig/o
Scanty,lessthannormal
Oliguria(reducedurineformation)
-pexy
Tosurgicallyreattach,fixinnormalposition
Nephropexy(surgicallyattachkidneyinnormalanatomicalposition)
cyst(o)-:
sac,cyst,especiallytheurinarybladder
cystoptosis膀胱下垂
cystoscopy[sis'tɔskəpi]膀胱镜检查
cystolithectomy[,sistə