论文中西方餐桌礼仪英文版.docx

论文中西方餐桌礼仪英文版.docx

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论文中西方餐桌礼仪英文版

论文-中西方餐桌礼仪英文版

DifferentTableMannersbetweenChinaandtheWest

不同的国家和民族由于地区差异形成了不同的文化。

而不同国家的社会生活方式则形成了不同的饮食文化及餐桌礼仪。

饮食文化及餐桌礼仪是非语言文化的重要组成部分。

作为一名外语学习者，了解中西方饮食文化及餐桌礼仪方面的差异及其渊源是必要且必须的。

因为这不仅仅可以增加对所学语言文化的认识，更加有助于提高跨文化交际的成功率，以此避免由不合适的行为或方式所形成的误解。

本文第一部分分别对中西方餐桌礼仪做简要概括。

第二部分为本文核心，从餐具，座次，点餐及用餐氛围四个方面具体介绍中西方餐桌礼仪的差异。

第三部分从地理因素，价值观，及传统习俗入手，讲述形成中西方餐桌礼仪差异的缘由。

以此三个部分展现餐桌礼仪文化在中西方文化交流中占据重要地位。

Differentcountriesandnationshavedifferentculturesasaresultofregionaldifferences.Thesociallifestyleofdifferentcountriesformdifferentdietcultureandtablemanners,whichareanimportantpartofnonlanguageculture.Asaforeignlanguagelearner,itisnecessarytolearnthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternfoodcultureandtablemanners.Becauseitcannotonlyincreasethecomprehensionofthelanguageculture,butalsohelptoimprovethesuccessrateofinterculturalcommunication,soastoavoidthemisunderstandingcausedbyinproperbehaviorormanner.

ThefirstpartofthispapergivesabriefsummaryofChineseandwesterntablemanners.Thesecondpartisthecoreofthispaper,descripingspecificlythedifferencebetweenchineseandwesterntablemannerfromfouraspectsthataretableware,seatarrangement,servingorderanddiningatmosphere.Thethirdpartfromthegeographicalfactors,values,andtraditionalcustomsintroducesthereasonsthatthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesterntablemanners

chopsticks,ornottopointatanyonewithchopsticks.Takingparticularnotice,donotinsertthechopsticksinriceorpasta,becauseitisverysimilartotheancientritualcandlesandsymbolizesinfelicity.Inadditiontochopsticks,spoons,plates,cups,napkins,toothpicksarenecessary.Thespoonisusedforsouporothersmallmorsels.Attentiuon,donotputsouptoofulltosmearthetableclothorclothing.Afterusing,putthefoodintotheplateimmediately.Ingeneral,thebigplateisforavarietyofdishes,smalldishesforthefooddish,toholdtheincomingfoodfromthepublicplate.Remembernottoputtoomanythingsinthediskcoversoasnottoavoidoiltospill,andputthornsonthefrontendoftheplate.Napkinsareoftenusedinsomelargehotels.Beforedinner,thewaiterswillprepareahotwettowelfortheguests.Thecupisusuallyontheleftofthedish,nottopourfully.

Servingorder

Appetizers,thefirstdish,aresometimemadeoffourkindsofcoldplatetrepresentativeappetizersarethecoldjellyfishskin,preservedeggsandsoon.

Afterthecoldplate,itisfollowedbyfourhotplatethatcommonlyisfriedshrimp,friedchickenandsoon.However,hotplatesaremostlyomitted.Whileplacingthehotplate,oneoughttoservefromtheleftoftheoppositeseatsofguestsofhonor.Theheadsofthewholefishandduckshouldnotbepointedatthechiefseat.

 Thefollowingarethemaincourse,alsoknownaslargedishes,willbetakenontable.Ifthemenuismarked"eightpieces",itsaysthatthereareatotalofeightmaincourse.Thenumberofcoursesinthemaincourseisusuallyfour,six,eightandsoeven,sincetheChinesepeoplethinkthatevenisthenumberofKyrgyzstan.Intheluxuriousbanquet,themaincourseevencanbeuptotenkindsofspecies.Thesedishesaremadeofdifferentmaterials,addedacid,sweet,bitter,spicy,saltyflavors,withfried,steamed,boiled,fried,roasted,friedandothercookingmethods.Mostoftheorderofthedishesarematchedinteractively,forexample,combininglighttastewithoilyandgreatytaste.Soupistheend.Dessert,suchaspies,cakes,buns,almondsandsoon,isprovidedafterthemaincourse.Lastisthefruit,whichisgoodfordigesting.

Inwesternbanquent,theappetizerisalsothefirstdishwhichisspecialty.Asforthefirstdish,itusuallymatchwithaperitif.Itiswithacidandcrisptasteandwesterners’favoritesnack.Thefollowingdish,extremlydifferentfromChina,issoupwhichisclassifiedgenellyintofivecategories:

vegetablesoup,coldsoup,creamsoup,pureedsoup,andclearsoup.Nextissidedish,alsocalledfishdish,includingaviateryofseafoodsuchasshellfishandmolluscsfortheseafoodisfullofnutritionandgoodforlungandeye.Thefourthdishismaincourse,whichalsoknownaspoultryormeatdish.Delicioussteakorlambisthemostcommonmaincourse.Itismoretastywhendrizzlingfreshfoiegras.Aftergreasymeatdish,itisrighttimeforsalad,refreshingvegetabledish,suchastomato,broccoli,onionandsoon.Thefollowingdishisdessertwhichhavemanydifferentkinds.Itcanbechocolatecookie,croissant,moussecake,macarons.Coffeeisthefinaldrinking,whichcanbeaddedmilkandsugaraccordingtoowntaste.Italsohasdifferentkindssuchasbluemountaincoffee,latte,macchino,mochaandsoon.

Tablesetting

IntheChinesetablemanner,atthebegining,letguestsattendtheseats,thenpleasetheelderlyseatnexttotheguests.Oneshouldseatfromtheleftsideofthechair.Whensittingonthechair,oneshouldnotmovethechopsticks,ormakenoise,letalonewalkcasuallyunlesshavingurgency.Hostshouldinvitesguesttohaveaseatandnoticethatdonotletguestsitclosetotheplacethatisseryeddishes.Ifyouarethemaster,youshouldpointtoachairandsaytotheguestswithagentletone:

"pleasesithere."Therearefourfountamentalwayforsittingarrangement:

first,takingthetableofthehostsittingasasign,theguestonitsrightishonorandtheleftislow.Second,firsthostshouldsitfacingthemaindoor,thenguestofhonorsitontherightofthehostanddeputychiefgustontheleft.Third,ifthepositionofthehostisinferiortotheguestofhonor,thehostisabletoaskguesttositwherethehostshouldhaveseated,thenthehostsitontheright,hostshouldhaveaseatthatisfacedthemaindoor,andtheguestofhonorsitontherightofmaster.Asfordeputychiefguest,heshouldsitontheleft.

Westernpeoplebelievethattherightishonorandtheleftislow.whenhostessannouncesthatthedinnerisready,thehostwillleadthegueststositinturn,withthehostesswalkinglast.Somecarefulmasterwillplacenamecardonthetableinordertoshowseats.while,ifthereisnosucharrangement,thentheseatarrangementisgenerally:

menandwomensitseparatedlly,malehostfirst,gewhoseseatisinthehostessOntherightofhostess.theothercouplesarediagonallyseated.CouplesittingdividuallyshowstheopeningandlivelynatureoftheAmericanbanquet.Theyhopethatthebanquetcanbeusedtoenhancetherelationshipofeachotherandrelaxingatmosphere.Intheinformalparty,seatarrangmentfollowsthatwomenisfirst.Ifagentlmansharesasupperwithawoman,themanshouldnotletthewomansitnearthepassagewayandshouldletthewomansitonhisright;themanshouldletthewomansitinside.Iftwomenwithawoman,menoughttoleadthewomansitinthemiddle．Whatismore,menshouldremovethechairsandletwomensitfirst．Whentwomanhaveadinner，thejuniorsitoutside．

Atmosphere

Whenchinesepeopleenjoyyummyfoodtheyusuallytalkalot,whichshowsthesincereandhospitalityofhostess.Besides,livelytablecanreflecttheguests’joy.Theactiveatmospherereflectsthewarmthoffamily,andharmonyofthenationinasence.However,inthewesterntradition,peoplethinkthatexcessivenoiseisrude,andonlythequietandorderlylooksnoble.Therenotexistthesephenomenonsuchaspesuadingtodrinkalcoholandcarryingdishforothers.Thisreflectstherespectfortheindividualinthewesternculture.peoplehardlytalkwitheachotherbutcutandeattheirfoodwithforkquietly.Theyavoidmakingnoisewhileeatinganddrinking.Eveniftheyhavesomethingimportanttotalk,theykeepthesoundthatbothofthemcanheard.

Whenchineseinvitedgueststohavedinner,theyusuallyprepareawildvarietyofdishes,whichisnolessthansevenoreightdishes.Themoredeliciousandexpensivethedishesare,themoreimportantguestsare.Althoughthehostnesselaborateperpectly,shewouldsay:

Iamsosorrythatthedishdoesnotcookwell,eatmore.Hopeyoubearwithme.Pleaseforgiveme,therearenotsomuchfoodforyouall.Orsomemodestwordssimilarlikethis.Inaddition,thehostwillasktheguest:

Wouldyoulikesomemore?

Andmaybethehostwillaskthislater.Theguestanswerwithalittleshame:

justalittlemore.Whileinwesterndinner,therearefourorfivedishes.Ifitisathome,theguesthadbettereatallofthefood,sothehostnesswillbeveryhappybecauseofhergoodcook.Usually,hostsimplysaytoguest:

heipyourself.Whenthehostask:

wouldyoulikemorefriedchicken?

Theguestjustansweraccordingtohimself.Ifheisfullenough,hesay:

no,thanks.Ifnot,heshouldanswer:

yes,Iwouldlikesomemorechickens.Afterdinner,guestcouldsayitwasoutoftheworld！

Sodelicious！

Ilickedtheplateclean.orImadeapigofmyself.Inthiswaycanmakehostnesshappy.Bycomparingthis,wecanknowthatChineseobeytheprinciplethatistobelittlethemselvesandtorespectothers.Westernpeoplepaymoreattentiontokeepingtheirprestigeandsavingface.Forexample,westernpeoplenevertalkadoutthedisguestingthingsontable.Theywilltrytheirbesttouseimplicitandelegentwordstoreplacetoilet.suchas:

"WherecanIwashmyhand","IwonderifIcouldgosomewhere.","CanIaddsomepowder?

"

 Geography 

ChinaislocatedintheeastAsia-Europecontinentalmonsoonclimatezone,rainandheatoverthesameperiod,verysuitableforgrowingplant,whichformsChinesepeople'splantcharacter.Mostwesterncountriesarelocatedintemperatemaritimeclimatezone,whichistheperfectplacefornaturalpasture.Sowes