初中英语动词专题电子教案.docx
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初中英语动词专题电子教案
动词
动词的含义现动词原形、过去式、在句子中做谓语。
动词是表示动作或状态的词,动词的基本形式:
在分词和过去分词。
:
动词的种类
类别
特点
举例
及物动词(vt)
跟宾语
music.Ilike
不及物动词(vi)
不跟宾语It
lastnight.rained
系动词
I跟表语
anurse.
isamadoctor.Sheveryhappy.
areWe
助动词
跟动词原形或分词
Idon'tlikeplayingbasketball.
Ihaveseenthismoviebefore.
情态动词
跟动词原形
ShecanspeakJapanese.
动词时态
一般现在时(3种结构)
表示经常性、习惯性的动作;或普遍真理、客观事实;或某种状态。
“主·谓·(宾)”结构
Peteralwaysspendstoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.
Aliceusuallygoestoschoolbybusinthemorning.
Ilikelisteningtoclassicalmusic.
“There·be”结构
Thereisamaponthewall.
Therearesomebirdsinthesky.
“主·系·表”结构
It'sverycoldtoday.
Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.
Myfatherisateacher.
动词第三人称单数
动词特征
构成
例词
一般动词
词尾加s
like-likes
ch,sh,s,o,x以结尾)(ch记忆技巧:
吃XO
(sh,s)后喝蛇
es
词尾加
teach-teaches
do-doesgo-goeswash-washespass-passesmix-mixes
)fax-faxes(发送传真
以y结尾
es
为i,再加辅音字母+y,变y
study-studiescarry-carriestry-tries
s
元音字母+y,直接加
play-playsstay-stayssay-says
一般过去时种结构)3(.动词必须用过去式,表示发生在过去的动作。
在一般过去时的句子中
过去分词的构成动词过去式及
规则变化
构成法
词例
ed
(1)一般情况下加
work--worked--workedplay--played--played
结尾的,加
(2)以ed
live--lived--livedlike--liked--liked
ed.再加为“辅音字母(3)以+y”结尾的,改yi,
study--studied--studiedcry--cried--cried
结尾,且末尾只有一个音节重读闭音节以或r(4)ed.
辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,再加
stop--stopped--stoppedprefer--preferred--preferredrefer-referred-referred
occur-occurred-occurred
不规则变化(参考课本)
week/month/
(yesterday;thedaybeforeyesterday;last:
一般过去时常见的提示
)year/Sunday--等等。
justnow;---ago;after---;when---this---;
需借注:
当谓语动词是行为动词时,肯定句用动词的过去式表达,构成疑问句或否定句时,'t构成,谓语动词要还原成原形。
例如:
助did或didnIwenttothezooyesterday.
tgototheparklastweekend.Mymotherdidn'DidJimcometoseeyoulastnight?
.
现在进行时非延续性动词没有进行时)表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。
(只有延续性动词有进行时;
+现在分词主语+系动词(am/is/are)
现在分词的构成
构成法
词例
ing.
(1)一般情况下加
learn--learning
;work--working
e,再加ing.e结尾的,去掉
(2)以
live--living;take--taking
(3)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,再加ing.
sit--sitting;stop--stoppingchat--chatting;refer--referring
(4)以ie结尾的,要改ie为y,再加ing.
tie--tying;lie--lying
;atthemoment/atpresent;现在进行时的标志:
LookListen;nowreadingamagazineoverthere..AliceisLook.PeterissingingaChinesesong.Listen.
nowAliceistalkingtoPeter
.atthemomentI'mlearningJapanese
表示将来时。
,它们的特殊情况:
非延续性动词没有进行时现在分词形式
非延续性动词的现在分词:
表示将来时。
主语+(am/is/are)+
toschoolnow.
'mgoingINewYorksoon.
forMaryisleavingcoming.SpringFestivalis
inBeijing.
arrivingI'm
过去进行时
表示在过去的某时正在发生或进行的动作。
主语+系动词(was/were)+现在分词
Davidwasdoinghishomeworkat8o'clockyesterday.
Iwasdoingmyhomeworkathistimeyesterday.
TomwashavingbreakfastwhenMarycalledhim.
一般将来时
表示将要发生的动作,或计划或打算作某事。
主语+will+动词原形主语+(am/is/are)+goingto+动词原形+(am/is/are)+非延续性动词的现在分词:
主语例如:
Iwilltellyouthegoodnews.
JohnisgoingtovisitHangzhounextweek.
MyfatheriscomingtoQingdaotomorrow.
:
一般将来时常见的提示thisdays;future;inthreeweek;intomorrow;thedayaftertomorrow;nextthe
evening,soon,attheendofthisterm
一般将来时的用法1.表示将来的动作或状态。
例如:
WewillgettoShanghaitomorrow.
2.在“祈使句+and/or+句子”这个结构中,“句子”用一般将来时。
例如:
Getupearly,andyouwillcatchtheearlybus.
Hurryup,oryouwillbelateforschool.
“begoingto+动词原形”与“will+动词原形”
begoingto和will在一般情况下可以互换,但是在下列情况下将来时要用will。
说明
例句
带有意愿色彩
Iwillhelpyoulater.
问对方是否愿意或客气的邀请或命令
Willyoupleaseclosethedoor?
Willyougowithme?
在时间、条件状语从句中,如果主句will是一般将来时,用
Mr.Wangwillcomeifitdoesn'train.HewillcallusassoonashegetstoHongKong.
过去将来时.
)宾语从句表示在过去的某时计划或打算作某事。
(间接引语/
动词原形主语+would+
动词原形主语+(was/were)+goingto+
主语+(was/were)+非延续动词的动名词例如:
Ithoughtyouwouldhelptheoldman.
Marywasgoingtotakepartinthismeeting.
HesaidhewasleavingforHongKong.
现在完成时
.过去的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响”含义:
现在完成时表示“.“曾经”、“还没有”等词语汉语译文中经常含有“已经”、
构成:
主语+have/has+过去分词例如:
Ihaveseenthismoviebefore.(结果:
我了解这部影片的内容)
Hehashadagoodeducation.(结果:
他的知识水平很高)
现在完成时常见的标志:
sofar/uptonow;recently;inrecentyears;before;
inthepast…/inthelast…/overthepast…/overthelast…
since/for:
既可以用于“现在完成时”,也可以用于“现在完成进行时”.
already/yet/ever/never/before:
既可以用于“现在完成时”,也可以用于“过去完成时”.
Ihavealreadyfinishedthework./Ihavejustfinishedthework.
Haveyoufinishedtheworkyet?
Ihaven'tfinishedmyworkyet.
延续性动词与非延续性动词
延续性动词可以接一段时间;
非延续性动词后面不能接一段时间,如果要接一段时间,就必须把非延续性动词替换成
相应的延续性动词.
come--behereHecameheretwohoursago.
Hehasbeenherefortwohours.
go--beout/beawayTheywentoutanhourago.
Theyhavebeenoutforanhour.
Tomlefttenminutesago.
beaway---leave
awayfortenminutes.Tomhasbeen
Iboughtthisdictionary10yearsago.havebuy---Ihavehadthisdictionaryfor10years.
Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.
begin---beonThefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.
lookfor,watch,waitfor,live,work,develop,teach,learn,(如:
某些延续性动词一直持续到现在的“从过去的某一时刻起,连用时,表示等)与since或forstudy,rain动作”,它们的“现在完成时”可以与“现在完成进行时”互相替换。
herefor20years.Hehaslivedherefor20years.Hehasbeenliving
Beijingbefore.havebeento---”:
I▲havebeento表示“曾经去过Japan.havegoneto”:
They▲havegoneto表示“已经去了---
过去完成时+had+过去分词主语.“过去的过去”表示在过去的某个动作之前发生的动作--
12Englishsongs.hadlearnedBytheendoflastmonth,we.
hegothome,alltheguestshadleftBythetimethetrainhadalreadyleft.Whentheyarrivedattherailwaystation,readingthatbook.IhadfinishedBeforeIwenttobed,Iwenttobed.,AfterIhadfinishedreadingthebook
只能用于“过去完成时”bytheendoflast---”“Bytheendoflastmonth,wehadlearned5000Englishwords.
现在完成进行时+have/has+been+现在分词主语表示从过去的某一时刻起到现在,一直在做某事。
IhavebeenwaitingforyourreplysinceIsentyoualetter
Ihavebeenlivingherefor20years
Ithasbeenrainingsincelastnight
Since1989,WangGanghasbeenworkinginthiscompany.
HehasbeenlearningEnglishfor10years.
专项练习.
动词时态专项训练
1.HeoftentotheparkwithsomefriendsonSundays.
A.goB.goesC.isgoingD.hasgone
2.Tom'sfatherlisteningtoclassicalmusic.
A.likeB.don'tlikeC.likesD.isliking
3.yourmotherupearlyinthemorning.
A.Do/getB.Do/getsC.Does/getsD.Does/get
4.Look,theboysfootballontheplayground.
A.playB.playingC.areplayingD.isplay
5.PeterwentswimmingwithMikeyesterday,he?
A.didB.doesC.didn'tD.doesn't
6.IaUFOintheskywhileIwastalkingawalkinthestreetjust
now.
A.sawB.haveseenC.willseeD.wasseeing
7.FredamodelplanewhenIwenttoseehim.
A.makesB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.made
8.I'lltellhertocallyoubackwhensheback.
A.willcomeB.comesC.hascomeD.iscoming
9.Myfathercigarettes,hethinksitisharmfulforhealth.
A.didn'tsmokeB.don'tsmoke
C.doesn'tsmokesD.doesn'tsmoke
10.I2000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.
A.hadlearnedB.havelearned
C.wouldlearnD.waslearning
11.Howlongyouthemobilephone?
A.haveboughtB.have/hadC.did/buyD.do/buy
12.MybrothertoLondonmanytimes,soheknowsLondonverywell.
A.wasgoingB.wentC.hasbeenD.hasgone
13.Iwanttoknowifyoufreetomorrowevening.Ifyou
free,I'dliketoinviteyoutodinner.
A.willbe/areB.are/willbe
C.are/areD.willbe/willbe
14.Listen,themusicverynice.
A.issoundingB.soundC.soundsD.issounded
15.ImybesttolearnEnglishwellfromnowon.
A.triedB.havetriedC.amtryingD.willtry
16.Ourteachertoldusthatlightfasterthansound.
A.travelledB.travelsC.hadtravelledD.istravelled
17.MrBrownisn'tathomenow.Hetohisoffice.
A.hadgoneB.hadbeenC.hasgoneD.hasbeen
18.Hesaidhewouldgotothemovieswithusifhefree.
A.willbeB.wouldbeC.isD.was
19.Jennytovisithergrandmathreedaysago.
A.wentB.goesC.hasgoneD.hadgone
20.TheGreensChinaforfiveyears.
A.hasbeeninB.havebeenin
C.hascometoD.havegoneto
21.Thereabasketballmatchinourschoolthedayaftertomorrow.
A.willhaveB.willbeC.wouldbeD.isgoingto
have
22.ItoHainanforvacationinthreedays.
A.wentB.goC.willgoD.wasgoing
23.HowlongyouFrenchbeforeyouwenttoParis?
A.had/studiedB.have/studied
C.do/studyD.would/study
24.Hi,Peter.Iyouwerehere.
A.don'tknowB.haven'tknown
C.hadn'tknownD.didn'tknow
25.Wewillgeteverythingreadybeforeshehere.
A.willcomeB.comesC.wouldcomeD.came
26.Tomhiscoatandthenwentout.
A.putonB.putsonC.hadputonD.wouldputon
27.Neitherofusinterestedinfolksongs.
A.wereB.amC.isD.are
28.IheardherinthenextroomwhenIgothome.
A.playB.playingC.toplayD.played
29.LindaTVsince6o'clockthismorning.
A.waswatchingB.hasbeenwatched
C.hadwatchedD.hasbeenwatching
30.Hetoworkinafactoryattheageof17.
A.beganB.hasbegunC.wouldbeginD.hadbegun
31.OnedaywhileIalongthestreet,Isomeonecalling
me.
A.walked/heardB.waswalking/washearing
C.waswalking