北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案.docx

北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案.docx

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北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案

2004年北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案

（总分100,考试时间90分钟）

PartⅠVocabulary

Directions:

Thereare20incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestonethatcompletesthesentenceandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

1. 

Hersadnesswasobvious,butshebelievedthatherfeelingofdepressionwas______.

A torrent

B transient

C tensile

D textured

该问题分值:

1

答案:

B

2. 

Nobodyknewhowhecameupwiththis______ideaaboutthetrip.

A weary

B twilight

C unanimous

D weird

该问题分值:

1

答案:

D

3. 

Theflowerunderthesunwould______quicklywithoutanyprotection.

A wink

B withhold

C wither

D widower

该问题分值:

1

答案:

C

4. 

The______ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.

A segregation

B specification

C spectrum

D subscription

该问题分值:

1

答案:

A

5. 

He______himselfbitterlyforhismiserablebehaviorthatevening.

A repealed

B resented

C relayed

D reproached

该问题分值:

1

答案:

D

6. 

Anyearthquakethattakesplaceinanyareaiscertainlyregardedasakindofaevent.

A cholesterol

B charcoal

C catastrophic

D chronic

该问题分值:

1

答案:

C

7. 

Hecutthestringandheldupthetwo______totiethebox.

A segments

B sediments

C seizures

D secretes

该问题分值:

1

答案:

A

8. 

Allthemusicalinstrumentsintheorchestrawillbe______beforeitstarts.

A civilized

B chattered

C chambered

D chorded

该问题分值:

1

答案:

D

9. 

Whentheairinacertainspaceissqueezedtooccupyasmallerspace,theairissaidtobe______.

A commenced

B compressed

C compromised

D compensated

该问题分值:

1

答案:

B

10. 

Shemadetwocopiesofthispoemandpostedthem______todifferentpublishers.

A sensationally

B simultaneously

C strenuously

D simply

该问题分值:

1

答案:

B

11. 

The______ofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromotherpartsofthecountry.

A clash

B clarify

C clarity

D clatter

该问题分值:

1

答案:

C

12. 

Businessinthisareahasbeen______becausepricesaretoohigh.

A prosperous

B secretive

C slack

D shrill

该问题分值:

1

答案:

C

13. 

Hetoldastoryabouthissisterwhowasinasad______whenshewasillandhadnomoney.

A plight

B polarization

C plague

D pigment

该问题分值:

1

答案:

A

14. 

Headdeda______tohisletterbysayingthathewouldarrivebefore8pm.

A presidency

B prestige

C postscript

D preliminary

该问题分值:

1

答案:

C

15. 

Somelinguistsbelievethatthe______ageforchildrenlearningaforeignlanguageis5to8.

A optimistic

B optional

C optimal

D oppressed

该问题分值:

1

答案:

C

16. 

Itallstartedin1950,whenpeoplebegantobuildtheirhousesonthe______oftheircities.

A paradises

B omissions

C orchards

D outskirts

该问题分值:

1

答案:

D

17. 

Themeetingwas______overbythemayorofthecity.

A presumed

B proposed

C presented

D presided

该问题分值:

1

答案:

D

18. 

Thecrowd______intothehallandsomehadtostandoutside.

  A.outgrew    B,overthrew   C.overpassed   D.overflew

A  B  C  D  

该问题分值:

1

答案:

C

19. 

Itwasclearthatthestorm______hisarrivalbytwohours.

A retarded

B retired

C refrained

D retreated

该问题分值:

1

答案:

A

20. 

Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirst,forittakes______overalltheotherissues.

A precedence

B prosperity

C presumption

D probability

该问题分值:

1

答案:

A

PartⅡReadingComprehension

Directions:

Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

  Governmentsthatwanttheirpeopletoprosperintheburgeoningworldeconomyshouldguaranteetwobasicrights:

therighttoprivatepropertyandtherighttoenforceablecontracts,saysMancurOlsoninhisbookPowerandProsperity.OlsonwasaneconomicsprofessorattheUniversityofMarylanduntilhisdeathin1998.

  Somehavearguedthatsuchrightsaremerelyluxuriesthatwealthysocietiesbestow,butOlsonturnsthatargumentaroundandassertsthatsuchrightsareessentialtocreatingwealth."Incomesarelowinmostofthecountriesoftheworld,inshort,becausethepeopleinthosecountriesdonothavesecureindividualrights,"hesays.

  Certainsimpleeconomicactivities,suchasfoodgatheringandmakinghandicrafts,relymostlyonindividuallabor;propertyisnotnecessary.Butmoreadvancedactivities,suchasthemassproductionofgoods,requiremachinesandfactoriesandoffices.Thisproductionisoftencalledcapital-intensive,butitisreallyproperty-intensive,Olsonobserves.

  "Noonewouldnormallyengageincapital-intensiveproductionifheorshedidnothaverightsthatkeptthevaluablecapitalfrombeingtakenbybandits,whetherrovingorstationary,"heargues."Thereisnoprivatepropertywithoutgovernment--individualsmayhavepossessions,thewayadogpossessesabone,butthereisprivatepropertyonlyifthesocietyprotectsanddefendsaprivaterighttothatpossessionagainstotherprivatepartiesandagainstthegovernmentaswell."

  Would-beentrepreneurs,nomatterhowsmall,alsoneedagovernmentandcourtsystemthatwillmakesurepeoplehonortheircontracts.Infact,thebankingsystemsreliedonbydevelopednationsarebasedonjustsuchanenforceablecontractsystem."Wewouldnotdepositourmoneyinbanks...ifwecouldnotrelyonthebankhavingtohonoritscontractwithus,andthebankwouldnotbeabletomaketheprofitsitneedstostayinbusinessifitcouldnotenforceitsloancontractswithborrowers,"Olsonwrites.

  OthereconomistshavearguedthatthepooreconomiesofThirdWorldandcommunistcountriesaretheresultofgovernmentssettingbothpricesfindthequantitiesofgoodsproducedratherthanlettingafreemarketdeterminethem.Olsonagreesthatthereissomemerittothispointofview,buthearguesthatgovernmentinterventionisnotenoughtoexplainthepovertyofthesecountries.Rather,therealproblemislackofindividualrightsthatgivepeopleincentivetogeneratewealth."Ifasocietyhasclearandsecureindividualrights,therearestrongincentives（刺激，动力）toproduce,invest,andengageinmutuallyadvantageoustrade.,andthereforeatleastsomeeconomicadvance,"Olsonconcludes.

21. 

WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutOlson?

A Hewasafictionwrite

B HeeditedthebookPowerandProsperit

C HetaughteconomicsattheUniversityofMarylan

D Hewasagainsttheownershipofprivatepropert

该问题分值:

2

答案:

B

22. 

WhichofthefollowingrepresentsOlson'spointofview?

A Protectingindividualpropertyrightsencourageswealthbuildin

B Onlyinwealthysocietiesdopeoplehavesecureindividualright

C Secureindividualrightsarebroughtaboutbythewealthofthesociet

D Insomecountries,peopledon'thavesecureindividualrightsbecausethey'repoo

该问题分值:

2

答案:

A

23. 

WhatdoesOlsonthinkaboutmassproduction?

A It'scapitalintensiv

B It'spropertyintensiv

C Itreliesonindividuallabo

D Itreliesonindividualskill

该问题分值:

2

答案:

B

24. 

Whatisthebasisforthebankingsystem?

A Contractsystemthatcanbeenforce

B People'swillingnesstodepositmoneyinbank

C Thepossibilitythatthebankcanmakeprofitsfromitsborrower

D Thefactthatsomepeoplehavesurplusmoneywhilesomeneedloan

该问题分值:

2

答案:

A

25. 

AccordingtoOlson,whatisthereasonforthepooreconomiesofThirdWorldcountries?

A governmentintervention

B lackofsecureindividualrights

C beingshortofcapital

D lackofafreemarket

该问题分值:

2

答案:

B

  Whereonestageofchilddevelopmenthasbeenleftout,ornotsufficientlyexperienced,thechildmayhavetogobackandcapturetheexperienceofit.Agoodhomemakesthispossible,forexamplebyprovidingtheopportunityforthechildtoplaywithaclockworkcarortoyrailwaytrainuptoanyageifhestillneedstodoso.Thisprinciple,infact,underliesallpsychologicaltreatmentofchildrenindifficultieswiththeirdevelopment,andisthebasisofworkinchildclinics.

  Thebeginningsofdisciplineareinthenursery.Eventheyoungestbabyistaughtbygradualstagestowaitforfood,tosleepandwakeatregularintervalsandsoon.Ifthechildfeelstheworldaroundhimisawarmandfriendlyone,heslowlyacceptsitsrhythmandaccustomshimselftoconformingtoitsdemands.Learningtowaitforthings,particularlyforfood,isaveryimportantelementinupbringing,andisachievedsuccessfullyonlyiftoogreatdemandsarenotmadebeforethechildcanunderstandthem.

  Everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild'sacquisitionofeachnewskill--thefirstspokenwords,thefirstindependentsteps,orthebeginningofreadingandwriting.Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandstatesofanxietyinthechild.Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly,ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.Ontheotherhand,though,ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearningopportunities,heloseshisnaturalzestforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself.

  Learningtogetherisafruitsourceofrelationshipbetweenchildrenandparents.Byplayingtogether,parentslearnmoreabouttheirchildrenandchildrenlearnmorefromtheirparents.Toysandgameswhichbothparentsandchildrencanshareareanimportantmeansofachievingthisco-operation.Building-blocktoys,jigsawpuzzlesandcrosswordaregoodexamples.

  Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnessorindulgenc