北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

北京清华大学考博英语真题及答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

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B

2. 

Nobodyknewhowhecameupwiththis______ideaaboutthetrip.

weary

twilight

unanimous

weird

D

3. 

Theflowerunderthesunwould______quicklywithoutanyprotection.

wink

withhold

wither

widower

C

4. 

The______ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.

segregation

specification

spectrum

subscription

A

5. 

He______himselfbitterlyforhismiserablebehaviorthatevening.

repealed

resented

relayed

reproached

6. 

Anyearthquakethattakesplaceinanyareaiscertainlyregardedasakindofaevent.

cholesterol

charcoal

catastrophic

chronic

7. 

Hecutthestringandheldupthetwo______totiethebox.

segments

sediments

seizures

secretes

8. 

Allthemusicalinstrumentsintheorchestrawillbe______beforeitstarts.

civilized

chattered

chambered

chorded

9. 

Whentheairinacertainspaceissqueezedtooccupyasmallerspace,theairissaidtobe______.

commenced

compressed

compromised

compensated

10. 

Shemadetwocopiesofthispoemandpostedthem______todifferentpublishers.

sensationally

simultaneously

strenuously

simply

11. 

The______ofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromotherpartsofthecountry.

clash

clarify

clarity

clatter

12. 

Businessinthisareahasbeen______becausepricesaretoohigh.

prosperous

secretive

slack

shrill

13. 

Hetoldastoryabouthissisterwhowasinasad______whenshewasillandhadnomoney.

plight

polarization

plague

pigment

14. 

Headdeda______tohisletterbysayingthathewouldarrivebefore8pm.

presidency

prestige

postscript

preliminary

15. 

Somelinguistsbelievethatthe______ageforchildrenlearningaforeignlanguageis5to8.

optimistic

optional

optimal

oppressed

16. 

Itallstartedin1950,whenpeoplebegantobuildtheirhousesonthe______oftheircities.

paradises

omissions

orchards

outskirts

17. 

Themeetingwas______overbythemayorofthecity.

presumed

proposed

presented

presided

18. 

Thecrowd______intothehallandsomehadtostandoutside.

A.outgrew 

B,overthrew 

C.overpassed 

D.overflew

19. 

Itwasclearthatthestorm______hisarrivalbytwohours.

retarded

retired

refrained

retreated

20. 

Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirst,forittakes______overalltheotherissues.

precedence

prosperity

presumption

probability

PartⅡReadingComprehension

Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Governmentsthatwanttheirpeopletoprosperintheburgeoningworldeconomyshouldguaranteetwobasicrights:

therighttoprivatepropertyandtherighttoenforceablecontracts,saysMancurOlsoninhisbookPowerandProsperity.OlsonwasaneconomicsprofessorattheUniversityofMarylanduntilhisdeathin1998.

Somehavearguedthatsuchrightsaremerelyluxuriesthatwealthysocietiesbestow,butOlsonturnsthatargumentaroundandassertsthatsuchrightsareessentialtocreatingwealth."

Incomesarelowinmostofthecountriesoftheworld,inshort,becausethepeopleinthosecountriesdonothavesecureindividualrights,"

hesays.

Certainsimpleeconomicactivities,suchasfoodgatheringandmakinghandicrafts,relymostlyonindividuallabor;

propertyisnotnecessary.Butmoreadvancedactivities,suchasthemassproductionofgoods,requiremachinesandfactoriesandoffices.Thisproductionisoftencalledcapital-intensive,butitisreallyproperty-intensive,Olsonobserves.

"

Noonewouldnormallyengageincapital-intensiveproductionifheorshedidnothaverightsthatkeptthevaluablecapitalfrombeingtakenbybandits,whetherrovingorstationary,"

heargues."

Thereisnoprivatepropertywithoutgovernment--individualsmayhavepossessions,thewayadogpossessesabone,butthereisprivatepropertyonlyifthesocietyprotectsanddefendsaprivaterighttothatpossessionagainstotherprivatepartiesandagainstthegovernmentaswell."

Would-beentrepreneurs,nomatterhowsmall,alsoneedagovernmentandcourtsystemthatwillmakesurepeoplehonortheircontracts.Infact,thebankingsystemsreliedonbydevelopednationsarebasedonjustsuchanenforceablecontractsystem."

Wewouldnotdepositourmoneyinbanks...ifwecouldnotrelyonthebankhavingtohonoritscontractwithus,andthebankwouldnotbeabletomaketheprofitsitneedstostayinbusinessifitcouldnotenforceitsloancontractswithborrowers,"

Olsonwrites.

OthereconomistshavearguedthatthepooreconomiesofThirdWorldandcommunistcountriesaretheresultofgovernmentssettingbothpricesfindthequantitiesofgoodsproducedratherthanlettingafreemarketdeterminethem.Olsonagreesthatthereissomemerittothispointofview,buthearguesthatgovernmentinterventionisnotenoughtoexplainthepovertyofthesecountries.Rather,therealproblemislackofindividualrightsthatgivepeopleincentivetogeneratewealth."

Ifasocietyhasclearandsecureindividualrights,therearestrongincentives（刺激，动力）toproduce,invest,andengageinmutuallyadvantageoustrade.,andthereforeatleastsomeeconomicadvance,"

Olsonconcludes.

21. 

WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutOlson?

Hewasafictionwrite

HeeditedthebookPowerandProsperit

HetaughteconomicsattheUniversityofMarylan

Hewasagainsttheownershipofprivatepropert

2

22. 

WhichofthefollowingrepresentsOlson'

spointofview?

Protectingindividualpropertyrightsencourageswealthbuildin

Onlyinwealthysocietiesdopeoplehavesecureindividualright

Secureindividualrightsarebroughtaboutbythewealthofthesociet

Insomecountries,peopledon'

thavesecureindividualrightsbecausethey'

repoo

23. 

WhatdoesOlsonthinkaboutmassproduction?

It'

scapitalintensiv

spropertyintensiv

Itreliesonindividuallabo

Itreliesonindividualskill

24. 

Whatisthebasisforthebankingsystem?

Contractsystemthatcanbeenforce

People'

swillingnesstodepositmoneyinbank

Thepossibilitythatthebankcanmakeprofitsfromitsborrower

Thefactthatsomepeoplehavesurplusmoneywhilesomeneedloan

25. 

AccordingtoOlson,whatisthereasonforthepooreconomiesofThirdWorldcountries?

governmentintervention

lackofsecureindividualrights

beingshortofcapital

lackofafreemarket

Whereonestageofchilddevelopmenthasbeenleftout,ornotsufficientlyexperienced,thechildmayhavetogobackandcapturetheexperienceofit.Agoodhomemakesthispossible,forexamplebyprovidingtheopportunityforthechildtoplaywithaclockworkcarortoyrailwaytrainuptoanyageifhestillneedstodoso.Thisprinciple,infact,underliesallpsychologicaltreatmentofchildrenindifficultieswiththeirdevelopment,andisthebasisofworkinchildclinics.

Thebeginningsofdisciplineareinthenursery.Eventheyoungestbabyistaughtbygradualstagestowaitforfood,tosleepandwakeatregularintervalsandsoon.Ifthechildfeelstheworldaroundhimisawarmandfriendlyone,heslowlyacceptsitsrhythmandaccustomshimselftoconformingtoitsdemands.Learningtowaitforthings,particularlyforfood,isaveryimportantelementinupbringing,andisachievedsuccessfullyonlyiftoogreatdemandsarenotmadebeforethechildcanunderstandthem.

Everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild'

sacquisitionofeachnewskill--thefirstspokenwords,thefirstindependentsteps,orthebeginningofreadingandwriting.Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandstatesofanxietyinthechild.Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly,ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.Ontheotherhand,though,ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearningopportunities,heloseshisnaturalzestforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself.

Learningtogetherisafruitsourceofrelationshipbetweenchildrenandparents.Byplayingtogether,parentslearnmoreabouttheirchildrenandchildrenlearnmorefromtheirparents.Toysandgameswhichbothparentsandchildrencanshareareanimportantmeansofachievingthisco-operation.Building-blocktoys,jigsawpuzzlesandcrosswordaregoodexamples.

Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnessorindulgenc