重庆公共英语考试真题卷3.docx

重庆公共英语考试真题卷3.docx

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重庆公共英语考试真题卷3

2021重庆公共英语考试真题卷（3）

本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。

一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。

每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）

1.Questions14to16arebasedonatalkonpruritus,socalled"severeitching"—whyandhowbodypartsitch.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions14to16.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanitching-suppressingagent[A]Antihistamines.[B]Aspirin.[C]Cologne.[D]Ultravioletlighttherapy.

2.Questions11to13arebasedonanewsreportaboutatornadowhichhitpartsofMexico.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11to13.Whatwasthecorrespondent’scommentonthelocalgovernment’srescuework[A]Prompt.[B]Confident.[C]Ineffective.[D]Casual.

3."Itdoesn’tmatterwhatethicalassumptionsyouuse,"saysMichaelGrubb,anexpertonclimatechangepolicy,coldfinancialargumentsareenoughtodecidewhattodoaboutglobalwarming.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinparagraph4mean[A]Weitzman’sreportcausedunexpectedproblemtoinvestmentchoices.[B]Weitzman’sreportdoesnotconcurwithindustrialthinktanks.[C]Weitzman’sreportdoesn’tsupportconventionalanalysisintheUnitedStates.[D]Weitzman’sreporthassuccessfullyconvincedmanyeconomists.

Asargumentsoverthesciencebehindclimatechangehavecooled,thequestionofhowmuchnationsshouldbewillingtopayhascometodominatethedebate.NowMartinWeitzmanhasdevelopedthefirstthoroughmethodforincludingunlikelybutextremeeventsincost-benefitanalyses.Whenyoutakeintoaccountextremetemperaturerisesofmorethanaround6℃,hesays,theydominateallotheroptionsandeffectivelydemandthatinvestmentaimedatstoppingthembemadenow.

Economistssaythatsucheventsaretheoreticallypossiblebutaresounlikelyandliesofarinthefuturethatitisnotcost-effectivetospendmoneytopreventthem.Computermodelsalsosuggestthatusingmorerenewableenergyandreducingemissionsinotherwayswouldalmostcertainlyavoidextremetemperatureincreases.ButWeitzman’sresultsaresodramaticthatsomeeconomists,manyofwhomarguedinfavourofcaution,areshiftingtheirposition.

Environmentalgroupsarguethattheriskofextremeeventsjustifieslargeinvestmentnow,butothergroups,notablyindustry-orientatedthinktanksandmanyRepublicanpoliticians,haveresistedsuchcalls."IntheUnitedStates,cost-benefitanalyseshavebeenusedtobackupquestionsaboutwhetherinvestmentisworthmuchmow,"saysGrubb."Thisthrowsaprettyfundamentalspannerintheworks."

ThenewmethodalsobacksuptheconclusionsoftheSternReviewontheEconomicsofClimateChange,albeitviadifferentmethods.Stem’scost-benefitanalysis,whichwaspublishedinOctober2006,didnotconsiderextremeevents.Evenso,hefoundthatthebenefitsofinvestingnowwouldbeenormous:

Theworldcouldsave$2.5trillionayeariftheriseinCO2washaltedatlevelsaround50percentgreaterthantoday.ButwhenSternputapriceonthedamagesthatrisingtemperaturescouldcause,hevaluedfuturecostsintoday’smoney.Manyeconomists,includingWeitzman,criticizedthatassumption,arguingthatitignoresthefactthatinv

4.Letter-writinggoesbackthousandsofyearsbutheatedupduringtheMiddleAgesandRenaissance.Historically（perhapsnow）letterswereindicatorsofstatusandbreeding.Likeconversation,theywereusedtomanipulate,embellish,entertain,threaten,seduceandofcoursedobusiness.OnthewayhomefromdiscoveringAmerica,ChristopherColumbusgotcaughtinastormandhismindturned—asagoodbourgeoisparent—tohistwosons.WhowouldpaytheirschoolfeesifhecametoawateryendHepickedupaquillanddocumentedhisaccomplishmentsonthevoyageforhisSpanishpatrons,KingFerdinandandQueenIsabella,rolleduptheletterinawoodenMadeiracaskandthrewitintothesea.ThiswasnotsomuchforposteritybutratherwhatUniversityofYorkprofessorWilliamH.Shermanhascalled"afather’sdesperatepetitionforthefuturesupportofhischildren."The18thcenturywasstrongontheepistolarybook,whichmadeauthors’quarrelsespeciallyamusing.TobiasSmollettwroteTravelsThroughFrance&Italy（myfavouritelettercontainshisdescriptionofFrenchwomen:

"Astheirfacesareconcealedunderafalsecomplexion,sotheirheadsarecoveredwithavastloadoffalsehair,frizzledattheforehead,soasexactlytoresemblethewoollyheadsoftheGuineanegroes"）.HisapproachtoanythingforeignwasconsideredsofullofspleenbyauthorLaurenceSternethathewasmovedtowriteASentimentalJourney.ThissatiricalnovelgivesSmollettthenameSmelfungus—acantankerousmanaddictedtoexaggeration,whotalksofbeing"flay’dalive"bycannibals:

"I’lltellit,criedSmelfungus,totheworld.Youhadbettertellit,saidI,toyourphysician."SamuelJohnson,inreferringtohisownletters,claims"...hissoulliesnaked"buthehaddoubtsaboutthetruthfulnessofothers,writingthattherewas"notransactionwhichoffersstrongertemptationstofallacyandsophisticationthanepistolaryintercourse."How-tobooksabounded.Letters,apartfrombusinessones,wereseenasafemininetask,andtemplatesaddressedfeminineproblems.TheNewAcademyofComplements,forexample,publishedin1671,titledthelettertobewrittenbyabandonedwomen"ACrack’tVirgintoHerDeceitfulFriend."Hand-wringingisthemotif."Nowyouappearsofoul,thatnothingcanbemoremonstrous;isthisthefruitofyourPromisesandVows...howcomesitthentopass,thatyouforsakeme,ruinemyReputation,andleavemetobecometheMapofShameandIgnominy..."IlongtousetheMapofShamebitbutIsuspectitwasasunhelpfulthenasboilingbunniesisnow.SamuelJohnson[A]truthfullyrecordedhislifeinhisletters.[B]wasexceptionallytruetohimself.[C]suggestedthatlettersweremoresusceptibletofallacy.[D]suggestedthatletter-writingwasmoretemptingthananyotherformsofwriting.

AVanderbiltUniversitystudysayschildrentaughtcursivewritinglearnandexpressthemselvesbetter.Ifso,Ihaveafewsuggestionsforoureducators;Howaboutletters"OnReprimandingaPersonofDifferenceWithoutIncurringHateCharges",or"AnAilingCitizentoHisCallousMinisterofHealth."Thepossibilitiesare,sadly,limitless.

5.Questions17to20arebasedonadialoguebetweentwocolleaguesintheofficeonenight.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17to20.Whatwillthewomanbedoingtomorrowmorning[A]Teachingherstudents.[B]Writingthearticleabouthertrip.[C]Studyingforanexam.[D]TravellingtotheAmazon.

6.Nopeopledoubtthefundamentalimportanceofmothersinchildrearing,butwhatdofathersdoMuchofwhattheycontributeissimplybeingthesecondadultinthehome.Bringingupchildrenisdemanding,stressfulandexhausting.Twoadultscansupportandmakeupforeachother’sdeficienciesandbuildoneachother’sstrength.Asweallknow,fathersalsobringanarrayofuniquequalities.Somearefamiliar:

protectorandrolemodel.Teenageboyswithoutfathersarenotoriouslypronetotrouble.Thepathwaytoadulthoodfordaughtersissomewhateasier,buttheymuststilllearnformtheirfathers,inwaystheycannotfromtheirmothers,suchashowtorelatetomen.Theylearnfromtheirfathersaboutheterosexualtrust,intimacyanddifference.Theylearntoappreciatetheirownfemininityfromtheonemalewhoismostspecialintheirlives.Mostimportant,throughlovingandbeinglovedbytheirfathers,theylearnthattheyarelove-worthy.Currentresearchgivesmuchdeeper-andmoresurprisinginsightintothefather’sroleinchildrearing.Onesignificantlyoverlookeddimensionoffatheringisplay.Fromtheirchildren’sbirththroughadolescence,fatherstendtoemphasizegamemorethancaretaking.Thefather’sstyleofplayislikelytobebothphysicallystimulatingandexciting.Witholderchildrenitinvolvesmoreteamwork,requiringcompetitivetestingofphysicalandmentalskills,fffrequentlyresemblesateachingrelationship:

comeon,letmeshowyouhow.Mothersplaymoreatthechild’slevel.Theyseemwillingtoletthechilddirectlyplay.Kids,atleastintheearlyyears,seemtoprefertoplaywithdaddy.Inonestudyof-year-oldwhoweregivenachoice,morethantwo-thinschosetoplaywiththeirfathers.Thewayfathers’playhaseffectsoneverythingfromthemanagementofemotionstointelligenceandacademicachievement.Itisofparticularimportanceinpromotingself-control.Ac-cordingtooneexpert,"childrenwhoroughhousewiththeirfathersquicklylearnthatbiting,kickingandotherformsofphysicalviolencearenotacceptable."Theylearnwhento"shutitdown".Atplayandinotherrealms,fatherstendtolaystressoncompetition,challenge,initiative,risk-takingandindependence.Mothers,ascaretakers,stressemotionalsecurityandpersonalsafety.Onetheplaygroundfathersoftentrytogetthechildtoswingeverhigher,whilemothersalecautious,worryingaboutanaccident.Weknow,too,thatfathers’involvementseemstolinkedtoenhancedverbalandproblem-solvingskillsandhigheracademicachievement.Severalstudiesfoundthatalongwithpaternalstrictness,theamountoftimefathersspent:

readingwiththemwasastrongpredictoroftheirdaughters’verbalability.Forsonstheresultshavebeenequallystriking.Studiesuncoveredastrongrelationshipbetweenfathers’involvementandthemathematicalabilitiesoftheirsons.Otherstudiesfoundsrelationshipbetweenpaternalnurturingandboys’verbalintelligence.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue

A.Motherstendtostresspersonalsafetylessthanfathers.

B.Boysarelikelytobenefitmorefromtheirfathers’caring.

C.Girlslearn