五年高考真题专题十三.docx

五年高考真题专题十三.docx

《五年高考真题专题十三.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《五年高考真题专题十三.docx（200页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

五年高考真题专题十三

2015～2011年各省市高考题

考点一　主旨大意与写作意图题

Passage1　（2015·新课标全国Ⅱ）

话题：

房间与身材

词数：

316

Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.

Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating，forpeopleareoftenlessself－conscious（难为情）whenthey'reinpoorlylitplaces－andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn'thaveenoughwindowlight，getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.

Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy，peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing，whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit'stimetorepaint，goblue.

Don'tforgettheclock－ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories（卡路里）permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime，andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyou'reatit，actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown，turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.

Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12－inchplateinsteadofa10－inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone，totalintake（摄入）jumpsby14percent.Andwe'llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort，wideglassthanatall，skinnyglass.

【语篇导读】　这是一篇科普说明文。

短文主要说明了人的食量与房子粉刷的颜色、灯光的明暗等有着密切的关系。

它们对人的身材会产生一定的影响。

1.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout.

A.theirhomecomforts

B.theirbodyshape

C.housebuying

D.healthydiets

解析　推理判断题。

短文主要说明了饮食与室内光线、墙壁的颜色、餐具的尺寸及进餐的速度等有着密切的关系。

显然这对于那些注重体型的人是有所帮助的。

故答案为B。

答案　B

2.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople.

A.digestfoodbetter

B.reducefoodintake

C.burnmorecalories

D.regaintheirappetites

解析　事实细节题。

根据第三段“...peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.”可知，蓝色的用餐环境有助于减少食物摄入量。

因此B项正确。

答案　B

3.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?

A.Eatquickly.

B.Playfastmusic.

C.Usesmallerspoons.

D.Turndownthelights.

解析　事实细节题。

由第四段第二句可知，进餐快的人比进餐慢的人每顿饭多消耗70卡路里的热量。

由此可知A项错误。

由第四段倒数第二句中的“turnonrelaxingmusic”可知B项不对。

而由第二段首句中的“turnupthelights”可知D项也是错误的。

根据最后一段“whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone，totalintakejumpsby14percent.”也可直接推知答案为C。

答案　C

★4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?

B.WaysofServingDinner

C.EffectsofSelf－Consciousness

D.IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?

解析　标题归纳题。

短文首句即为主题句：

房子可能影响住户的身材。

接下来从房子的颜色、室内灯光等方面说明了对饮食的影响。

用A项作标题，既能总括全文，又能吸引读者。

答案　A

Passage2　（2015·安徽）

话题：

家庭团结

词数：

304

Whenherfivedaughterswereyoung,HeleneAnalwaystoldthemthattherewasstrengthinunity（团结）.Toshowthis,shehelduponechopstick,representingoneperson.Thensheeasilybrokeitintotwopieces.Next,shetiedseveralchopstickstogether,representingafamily.Sheshowedthegirlsitwashardtobreakthetiedchopsticks.Thislessonaboutfamilyunitystayedwiththedaughtersastheygrewup.

HeleneAnandherfamilyownalargerestaurantbusinessinCalifornia.However,whenHeleneandherhusbandDannylefttheirhomeinVietnamin1975,theydidn'thavemuchmoney.TheymovedtheirfamilytoSanFrancisco.TheretheyjoinedDanny'smother,Diana,whoownedasmallItaliansandwichshop.Soonafterwards,HeleneandDianachangedthesandwichshopintoasmallVietnameserestaurant.Thefivedaughtershelpedintherestaurantwhentheywereyoung.However,Helenedidnotwantherdaughterstoalwaysworkinthefamilybusinessbecauseshethoughtitwastoohard.

Eventuallythegirlsallgraduatedfromcollegeandwentawaytoworkforthemselves,butonebyone,thedaughtersreturnedtoworkinthefamilybusiness.TheyopenednewrestaurantsinSanFranciscoandLosAngeles.Eventhoughfamilymemberssometimesdisagreedwitheachother,theyworkedtogethertomakethebusinesssuccessful.DaughterElisabethexplains,“Ourmothertaughtusthattosucceedwemusthaveunity,andtohaveunitywemusthavepeace.Withoutthestrengthofthefamily,thereisnobusiness.”

Theirexpandingbusinessbecamealargecorporationin1996,withthreegenerationsofAnsworkingtogether.NowtheAns'corporationmakesmorethan$20millioneachyear.Althoughtheybeganwithasmallrestaurant,theyhadbigdreams,andtheyworkedtogether.Nowtheyareabigsuccess.

【语篇导读】　文章通过讲述家庭企业的发展历程来强调家庭团结的重要性。

介绍了HeleneAn和她的丈夫离开越南时，他们并不富有。

HeleneAn以筷子为例教育孩子在家庭及事业中要团结起来，只要有梦想，一定会成功。

1.Helenetiedseveralchopstickstogethertoshow.

A.thestrengthoffamilyunity

B.thedifficultyofgrowingup

C.theadvantageofchopsticks

D.thebestwayofgivingalesson

解析　句意：

海琳把几支筷子绑在一起来显示家庭团结的力量。

考查细节理解。

由第一段HeleneAnalwaystoldthemthattherewasstrengthinunity与B项意思相近。

答案　A

2.WecanlearnfromParagraph2thattheAnfamily.

A.startedabusinessin1975

B.leftVietnamwithoutmuchmoney

C.boughtarestaurantinSanFrancisco

D.openedasandwichshopinLosAngeles

解析　考查细节理解。

由theydidn'thavemuchmoney与B项意思相近。

答案　B

3.WhatcanweinferabouttheAndaughters?

A.Theydidnotfinishtheircollegeeducation.

B.Theycouldnotbeartoworkinthefamilybusiness.

C.TheywereinfluencedbywhatHelenetaughtthem.

D.Theyweretroubledbydisagreementamongfamilymembers.

解析　考查推理判断。

由第三段Ourmothertaughtusthattosucceedwemusthaveunity可知。

答案　C

★4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HowtoRunaCorporation

B.StrengthComesfromPeace

C.HowtoAchieveaBigDream

D.FamilyUnityBuildsSuccess

解析　考查主旨大意。

由文章最后一段可知文章主要讲的是家庭团结对取得成功的重要性。

文章没有讲怎样经营一家大型公司，也没有提到怎样实现伟大梦想。

答案　D

Passage3　（2015·安徽）

话题：

互联网与记忆

词数：

288

AsInternetusersbecomemoredependentontheInternettostoreinformation,arepeoplerememberingless?

Ifyouknowyourcomputerwillsaveinformation,whystoreitinyourownpersonalmemory,yourbrain?

ExpertsarewonderingiftheInternetischangingwhatwerememberandhow.

Inarecentstudy,ProfessorBetsySparrowconductedsomeexperiments.SheandherresearchteamwantedtoknowhowtheInternetischangingmemory.Inthefirstexperiment,theygavepeople40unimportantfactstotypeintoacomputer.Thefirstgroupofpeopleunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldsavetheinformation.Thesecondgroupunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldnotsaveit.Later,thesecondgrouprememberedtheinformationbetter.Peopleinthefirstgroupknewtheycouldfindtheinformationagain,sotheydidnottrytorememberit.

Inanotherexperiment,theresearchersgavepeoplefactstoremember,andtoldthemwheretofindtheinformationonthecomputer.Theinformationwasinaspecificcomputerfolder（文件夹）.Surprisingly,peoplelaterrememberedthefolderlocation（位置）betterthanthefacts.WhenpeopleusetheInternet,theydonotremembertheinformation.Rather,theyrememberhowtofindit.Thisiscalled“transactivememory（交互记忆）”

AccordingtoSparrow,wearenotbecomingpeoplewithpoormemoriesasaresultoftheInternet.Instead,computerusersaredevelopingstrongertransactivememories;thatis,peoplearelearninghowtoorganizehugequantitiesofinformationsothattheyareabletoaccessitatalaterdate.Thisdoesn'tmeanwearebecomingeithermoreorlessintelligent,butthereisnodoubtthatthewayweusememoryischanging.

【语篇导读】　该篇介绍了专家们通过实验了解了互联网是如何改变我们记忆内容以及方式的，但这并不意味着我们是否能变得聪明，但毫无疑问的是，我们记忆的方式正在改变。

★1.Thepassagebeginswithtwoquestionsto.

A.introducethemaintopic

B.showtheauthor'saltitude

C.describehowtousetheInternet.

D.explainhowtostoreinformation

解析　考查写作意图。

由第一段可知作者使用两个问题是为了引出要讨论的话题。

答案　A

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefirstexperiment?

A.TheSparrow'steamtypedtheinformationintoacomputer.

B.Thetwogroupsrememberedtheinformationequallywell.

C.Thefirstgroupdidnottrytoremembertheinformation.

D.Thesecondgroupdidnotunderstandtheinformation.

解析　考查细节理解。

由第二段sotheydidnottrytorememberit可知。

答案　C

3.Intransactivememory,people.

A.keeptheinformationinmind

B.changethequantityofinformation

C.organizeinformationlikeacomputer

D.rememberhowtofindtheinformation

解析　考查细节理解。

由第三段Rather,theyrememberhowtofindit可知在交互记忆里，人们记得如何找到信息。

答案　D

4.WhatistheeffectoftheInternetaccordingtoSparrow'sresearch?

A.Weareusingmemorydifferently.

B.Wearebecomingmoreintelligent.

C.Wehavepoorermemoriesthanbefore.

D.Weneedabetterwaytoaccessinformation.

解析　考查推理判断。

由第四段butthereisnodoubtthatthewayweusememoryischanging可知。

答案　A

Passage4　（2015·四川）

话题：

金字塔

词数：

436

NooneissurehowtheancientEgyptiansbuiltthepyramidsnearCairo.Butanewstudysuggeststheyusedalittlerock‘n’roll.Long－agobuilderscouldhaveattachedwoodenpolestothestonesandrolledthenacrossthesand,thescientistssay.

“Technically,Ithinkwhatthey'reproposingispossible，”physicistDanielBonnsaid.

PeoplehavelongpuzzledoverhowtheEgyptiansmovedsuchhugerocks.Andthere'snoobviousanswer.Onaverage,eachofthetwomillionbigstonesweighedaboutasmuchasalargepickuptruck.TheEgyptianssomehowmovedthestoneblockstothepyramidsitefromaboutonekilometeraway.

ThemostpopularviewisthatEgyptianworkersslidtheblocksalongsmoothpaths.Manyscientistssuspectworkersfirstwouldhaveputtheblocksonsleds（滑板）.Thentheywouldhavedraggedthemalongpaths.Tomaketheworkeasier,workersmayhavelubricatedthepathseitherwithwetclayorw