短文改错专题复习.docx
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短文改错专题复习
短文改错专题复习
[复习讲义]
英语复习短文改错专题
nmet短文改错的解题基本思路应该是：
一．以句为单位，找行中错误，每行必有一个判断（错词、多词、少词和正确），而判断的依据一定是上下文，最小单位是一个完整的句子。
二．以篇为单位，找句中错误。
许多时候，就某一行或某一句单独而言常常难以判断其是否正确，错误何在，而必须以全篇为一整体才可对该句，进而对该行作出判断。
具体解题过程中，应该注意把握九个一致问题：
一．时态一致短文中谓语动词的时态与上下文，特定语言环境及该句的时间状语是否保持了呼应与一致。
例1．myfavoritesportisfootball.iwasamemberofourfootballteam.（nmet’98）全文都是一般现在时，此句中was虽然与上下问不一致，应改为am。
例2．irememberedherwordsandcalmdown.（nmet’XX）
此处为一描述过去事件的语境，应与前文remembered保持一致，须改为calmed。
例3．today,itismucheasiertobehealthythanitisinthepast.（nmet’93）第一个is与时间状语today保持一致，地第二个is则应改为was,使之与其时间状语inthepast一致。
二．主谓一致谓语动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持一致。
例4．nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.
（nmet’XX）主语为aandb时，谓语动词一般为复数，应改为are。
例5．thenewboyorgirlinschoolquicklybecomeoneoftheclassafterafewgames.（nmet’93）主语为aorb时，应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数，become应改为becomes.
例6．playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrong…（nmet’98）此处与例4，例5不同，谓语动词makes与上下文保持一致，为正确的用法，而play须改playing才可与此处其它部分一致。
三．平行一致
notonly…butalso…,either…or…,neither…nor…以及and,but,or等并列连词或词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。
在平行结构中，词性时态等形式须保持前后一致。
例7．playingfootballnotonlymakes…butalsogiveusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.（nmet’98）依据平行一致原则，此处give应与前文makes保持一致，改为gives.
例8．itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.（nmet’96）此句中的drove应与前文tomeet保持平行，故改为drive。
四．数的一致名词的数须与其修饰语保持一致
例9．westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasmaths,
chinese…（nmet’97）quiteafew只修饰复数名词，保持一致,subject应改为subjects.
例10．they…askedmelotsofquestion.（nmet’96）与lotsof保持一致的只能是复数名词，应改为questions.
五．主饰一致句中的主要词（中心词）应与其修饰词间保持一致。
共16页，当前第1页12345678910111213141516
除了例9，例10外，还有
例11．…sothati’llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.（nmetXX）
all若修饰可数名词时，其后名词应为复数。
subject该为subjects。
例12．shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedme
success.（nmetXX）all修饰的主语部分应是三者以上，故schoolmate应为schoolmates.
例13．unfortunate,therearetoomanypeople…（nmet’99）
unfortunate应作状语，修饰整个句子，此时应为副词unfortunately才可保持一致。
例14．i’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.（nmet’95）修饰名词，应为awonderfultime.
六．指代一致用于指代的各类代词应在数、格、性上与上下文保持一致。
例15．thesmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.
（nemt’96）thesmiths为一复数概念，故指代词也应为第三人称复数their.
例16．iliveinbeijing,whereisthecapitalofchina.（nmet’97）
此处应为作主语的关系代词which.
例17．andican’tforgetthefoodyoucookedfori.（nmet’95）
此处i应作介词的宾语，故改为me才可保持一致。
七．语态一致句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态保持一致。
例18．booksmaybekeepforfourweeks.（nemt’94）
与其主语books相对应，此处应为被动语态，故keep应改为kept。
八．搭配一致句中的固定搭配应保持完整并与上下文一致。
例19．ifeltsonervousasishooklikealeaf.（nmet’XX）后
跟从句，保持一致须用so…that结构这一固定搭配。
as改为that.
例20．ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.（nmet’97）
lookforwardto中to是介词，其后应为动名词hearing。
例21．butitdidn’tmatterthatiwouldwinornot.（nmet’XX）
与其后ornot保持一致时应用whether。
例22．ihaveneitherbrothersnorsisters---inanyotherwords,iamanonlychild.（nmetXX）
inanyotherwords意为“换言之”，应为inotherwords。
九．逻辑一致
这是一种隐蔽性较强且年年必考的错误，检查时应通篇考虑，重点在连词、代词，肯定与否定，及相对应的动词如come与go等。
例23．shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.（nmet’XX）
上下文看，应为she---myenglishteacher微笑且点头鼓励我，but应为and。
例24．nowsomeoneathomereadsinstead.（nmet’99）
从上文可知，因为无电视可看，人人都只好读书，someone改为everyone或everybody.
例25．andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.（nmet’98）通读全文，都是用第一人称，这时突然用到they,显然不一致，应改为we.
[实战演练一]
⑴mostfamiliesinchinahopedtheirsinglechildrenwill76．_______共16页，当前第2页12345678910111213141516
haveahappyfuture,sotheyareverystrictintheirchildren.77．_______
sodoteachersinschools!
manychildrenaregivensomuch78．_______
homeworkthattheyhavehardlyanysparetimehavesports.79．_______
thechildrenareforbiddentodoanythingbuttostudy.no80．_______
wondersomanychildrenaretiredoflessons.someeven81．_______
attackorkillhisparentsandteachers!
ibelievemanypeople82．_______
alreadyreadthiskindofnewsinnewspapersormagazines.83．_______
shouldn’twedrawlessonfromtheaccidents?
nowour84．_______
governmentismakingoutaplantosolvetheeducationproblems.85．_______
⑵nowadays,almosteveryfamilyhastvset,andalmost76．_______
everyonelikeswatchingtv.tvhasbecomepartofourlives.77．_______
tvhasmanyadvantages,forexample,itinformsusthe78．_______
latestnewswhichishappeningintheworld;itcanopenour79．_______
eyes,enlargeourknowledgeandalsohelpustoseemore80．_______
abouttheworld．but,italsohassomedisadvantages.people81．______
wastetoomuchtimeinwatchingtvandhisnormallife82．_______
andworkareaffected．tothechildrenwhotheyspendtoo83．_______
muchtimeinwatchingtv,itcandoharmfultotheirsight84．_______
andhealthy.soweshouldcontrolthetimeofwatchingtv.85．_______
⑶afewmonthsafterreturningtheusfromgermany,itook76._______
partinacollegecourseinfrench.sinceihavelearned77._______
tosaygermanwellingermany,ithoughtitmightbe78.______
interestedtobeginstudyinganotherlanguage.atthe79._______共16页，当前第3页12345678910111213141516
firstclass,theteacheraskedustodoapronunciation80._______
exerciseinithewouldsayawordortwoinfrench,and81._______
eachstudentwoulddotheirbesttocopy.whenhegotto82._______
me,hekepthavingmetosaymorewords,andi83.______
finallyaskedhimwhy.“ifinditgreatfun,”sheexplained84._______
it.“in25yearsofteachingatschool,it’sthefirsttime85._______
i’veheardanamericanspeakfrenchwithagermanaccent.”
⑷thehuaiheriverhasbeenseriouspolluted.dayandnigh76._______ millionsoftonsofwastewaterisbeingpoureddowntofrom77._______hundredsoffactories.thewastewaterisharmful.atpresent78._______thereisnofishinit.theriverwatercannotbedrunk.peoplein79._______
eitherbankhavetodigwellstotakedrinkingwater.thehuaihe80._______
riverissuchdirtyandpoisonousthatpeopledon’tdareswim81._______init.somethingmustbedonetostoppingthepollution.the82._______governmentandthepeopleneartherivermusttrytoclearwater83._______
assoonaspossible.nowspecialattentionhaspaidtothe84._______
pollutionbythegovernmentandmorescientists.thepollution85._______
willbepreventedinthenearfuture.
⑸dearabby,
howareyou?
todayi’vegotawonderfulnewstotellyou.76._______
ihaveofferedascholarshipatauniversityinaustraliaformy77._______
furthereducation.onehundredandtwentystudentstookexam78._______
forit,butonlyafewwaschosenandiwasoneofthem.however,79._______
myparentsarenothappyaboutit.theyarestrongagainstme80._______共16页，当前第4页12345678910111213141516
goingthere.theysayitistoofarawaythattheywillnotseeme81._______
forawholeyearandtheyareafraidofiwillfeellonely.they82._______
can’timagineagirlsoyounglivealone.theyadvisemetostudy83._______
inthecapitalinstead.theni’llbeabletocontinuelivingwith84._______
them.howcanipersuadethemtoacceptthefactihavegrownup?
85._______bestwishes,
jane
⑹aperson’sagenolongertellsyousomethingabout76.________hissocialposition,marriageorhealthy.there’snolonger,77.________
aparticularyearwhichonegoestoschoolorgoesto78.________
workorgetsmarriedorstartafamily.thesocialclock79.________
thatkeptusontimeandtolduswhengotoschool,get80.________
ajob,orstopworkingisn’tasstrongasitwasusedtobe.81.________
itdoesn’tsurpriseustoheara28-year-olduniversity82.________
presidentora35-year-oldgrandmother,or70-year-old83.________
manwhohasbecomeafatherforthefirsttime.whatwe84.________
allknow,public’sideasarechangingnowadays.85.________
⑺itisdifficultforparentstoteachyourchildrentoberesponsible76.________
（有责任的）forhousework,butwithoneofthefollowedsuggestions,77.________共16页，当前第5页12345678910111213141516
youreallycangetyourchildrenhelpyouathome.ifyougiveyour78.________
childrentheimpressionwhichtheycanneverdoanythingquiteright,79.________
thentheywillregardthemselvesunfitorunablepersons.unlessthey80.________
believetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyindependence.81.________
don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.talkabout82.________
whatthey’vedoneright,butaboutwhattheyhaven’tdone.ifyour83.________
childrencompleteadifficulttask,reward（酬劳）himwithasunday84.________
triporaballgameofdad.85.________
⑻beforeiwenttoseniormiddleschool,somepeoplestold76._______
me.“alifeofseniormiddleschoolisunforgettable.”77._______
whileifirstenteredmyseniormiddleschool,everything78._______
seemedunpleasant.faceallthestrangethingsaroundme,79._______
ioftenmissmyoldfriendsandclassmates.ididn’twant80._______
totalkothersormakefriendswithothers.littlebylittle,my81._______
schoolrecordwentfrombadtoworse,especiallymy82._______
maths.icouldn’tevenpasstheexam.ilosttheheartand83._______
missedthehappytimesalldaylong.itoldme,“idon’t84._______
belongtoit.idon’tlikethelifehere.”85._______
⑼tomanddickarenextdoorneighbourwhowork76.________共16页，当前第6页12345678910111213141516
inthesameofficesotheywalkedtogethertoandfrom77.________
office.somedayastheywerewalkinghometogetherit78.________
suddenstartedtorain.tomquicklyopenedhisumbrella79.________
andsaid,“mywifesurelyhasforesight（预见）.shesaid80.________
onthismorningitwouldrainandtoldmetocarrymy81.________
umbrellawithme.”dicksmiledandwalkedtohim,said,82._
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