动词时态.docx

动词时态.docx

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动词时态

动词及动词时态

实义动词

1）及物动词

a.动词后要求有宾语，否则意思不完整的动词。

及物动词可有被动结构。

1．ShestudiesEnglishveryhard.

2．Ialwaysreviewmylessonsintheevening.

b.及物动词的另两种结构

及物动词中有少数动词要求一个宾语（直接宾语）外，还要求有一个宾语（间接宾语），才使句意完整。

这类动词有：

leave,show,bring,lend,teach,give,tell,hand,write等。

I’lltellyouastoryaboutLeifeng.

还有少数动词要求一个宾语外，还要求有一个补足语来使句意完整。

这类动词有：

name,call,get,have,find,turn,think,consider等。

TheycallhimLaoWang.

2）不及物动词

不及物动词指不可带宾语的动词，也不可用于被动语态。

1.Thesunrisesintheeast.

2.Hecamelastmonth.

3.Theygotoschooleveryday.

3）连系动词

连系动词只起连系作用，虽有词义但不能单独作谓语，后必须加表语一起构成谓语。

常用的连系动词有：

appear,become,fall,feel,get,go,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。

1.Shefeltabittired.

2.Hekeptsilentatthemeeting.

注：

连系动词不可与副词连用。

时态

1）一般现在时

用法：

1．经常性动作等。

常与everyday,often,always,onceaweek,seldom,usually等连用。

SheisourteacherofEnglish.

2．真理和事实。

Lighttravelsfasterthansound.

3．有计划的动作，常用go,come,start,leave,arrive,return等动词。

IleaveforBeijingnextMonday.

4．代替一般将来时，在由when,if,before,assoonas,unless等引导的时间，条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

WhenIgrowupIshallbeasoldier.

5．动作正在发生，用在由here,there等开首的句子中，表示现在正在发生。

Theregoesthebell.

6．表示主语的习惯特征，性格，能力等。

Hestudiesveryhard.

7．一般的说明文字等。

Thebooksaysthatwomencanlivelongerthanmen.

2）一般过去时

1．表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和明确的时间状语连用。

Shewentoutjustnow.

Isawhimyesterday.

2．表示过去经常发生的动作。

Lastmonthsheworkedelevenhourseveryday.

Heusedtogetupearly.

3）一般将来时

1．表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。

Ishallnotbefreetonight.

2．表示将来经常发生的动作。

Wewillgoforanoutingeveryotherweek.

3．表示将来动作的其他形式

a.begoingto+动词原形

b.beto+动词原形

c.beabout（around/sure/certain//due/bound）to+动词原形

4）过去将来时

1．表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

Ididn’texpectthatsomanypeoplewouldoffertheirhelp.

2．也可用was/wereto+动词原形或was/wereaboutto+动词原形或was/weregoingto+动词原形表示过去将来时。

Iwasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.

5）现在进行时

1．表示正在进行的动作。

Whatareyoudoingnow?

2．表示即将发生的动作.

Sheisleavingtomorrow.

3．表示现阶段正在进行的动作.

Moreandmorepeoplearegivingupsmoking.

4．表示反复发生的或习惯性的动作,常表示不满,抱怨,赞赏等.

Sheisalwaysfindingfaultwithothers.

6）过去进行时

1.过去某一时刻在进行的动作．经常需要表示过去的时间状语．

Thistimeyesterday,theywerehavinglunch.

2.过去进行时常与一般现在时配合，互为时间背景．

Iwaswritingaletterwhenhecame.

Thetelephonerangwhileshewaswashing.

3.过去反复的动作，常同always,frequently,continually等连用．

Theywerefrequentlygoingthere.

７）将来进行时

1．表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，常表示安排好的事．

Theywillbediscussingtheproblemthistimenextweek.

2．表示预料不久要发生或势必要发生的动作．

Thetrainwillnotbeleavinguntiloneo’clock.

8）现在完成时

1.表示动作刚刚完成.

Ihavefinishedthatwork.

2.表示过去做的动作对现在仍有影响.

Whohasopenedthedoor?

3.表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在并且可能会延续下去.

Hehasworkedinthecompanysincehecametothecity.

9）过去完成时

1．表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作．

Bytheendof2002,thefactoryhadproduces200000cars.

2．表示在过去某一时间开始一直延续到另一个过去的时间的动作．

Theoldmanhadbeenillforalongtimebeforehediedin2002.

注：

当含有由before,after,assoonas等引导的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的顺序，故主句和从句一般都用一般过去时．

IwenthomeafterIfinishedmywork.

过去完成时常用于nosoonerthan和hardly,scarcely…when等句型，从句用一般过去时．

Hehadhardlygotonthetrainwhenthetrainstartedout.

10）将来完成时

表示将来某一时刻或某一行为发生之前所完成的动作或这一动作仍在持续．常和by或bythetime等连用．

Bytheendofthisterm,weshallhavelearned18lessons.

１１）现在完成进行时

1．表示从过去某时一直持续到现在的一个动作．

IthasbeensnowingsincelastSunday.

2．重复的动作表示感情色彩．

She’sbeensayingthattwentytimes.

3．已结束的动作所产生的影响．

Youhavebeencleaningtheclassroom,Ithink.

１２）过去完成进行时

表示过去某时以前一直进行的一个动作这一动作可能在这一时间前刚结束或仍在进行.

Nooneknewwhatthisdadegghadbeendoingallthisyears.

Exercise

TestsfromNMET

1.-where________therecorder?

Ican’tseeitanywhere.

-I_______itrighthere,butnowit’sgone.

A.didyouput;haveputB.haveyouput;put

C.hadyouput;haveputD.wereyouputting;haveput

2.-When________again?

-Whenhe_____,I’llletyouknow.

A.hecomes;comeB.willhecome;willcome

C.haven’tknown;areD.willhecome;comes

3.Theyaskedmetohaveadrinkwiththem.IsaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssinceI_______agooddrink.

A.hadenjoyedB.wasenjoying

C.enjoyedD.hadbeenenjoying

4.–Comein,Peter.Iwanttoshowyousomething.

-Oh,howniceofyou!

I______you________tobringmeagift.

A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoing

C.didn’tthink;weregoingD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen

5.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_____andalotofthings_______.

A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolen

C.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen

6.–Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation.Itwassonear.

-Yes,taxi______atallnecessary.

A.wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.servesD.served

7.Ifcitynoises______fromincreasing,people_______shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.

A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;haveto

C.donotkeep;willhavetoD.wasslipping;looked

8.ThelasttimeI______Janeshe______cottoninthefields.

A.hadseen;waspickingB.saw;picked

C.hadseen;pickedD.saw;waspicking

9.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea___withmilkandsugar.

A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served

10.ThepenI___I_______isonmydesk,rightundermynose.

A.think;lostB.thought;hadlost

C.think;hadlostD.hadtheyknown;got

11.–Yourphonenumberagain?

I_____quitecatchit.

-It’s9568442.

A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’t

12.Helen___herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband___home.

A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcome

C.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome

13.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto_____.

A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout

14.They_______thetrainuntilitdisappearedindistance.

A.sawB.watchedC.noticedD.observed

15.---Sorry,Joe.Ididn’tmeanto…

---Don’tcallme“Joe”.I’mMr.Parkertoyou,and____youforgetit!

A.doB.didn’tC.didD.don’t

16.Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountries_______withnoagreementreached.

A.havebrokendownB.havebrokenout

C.havebrokeninD.havebrokenup

KEY:

1~5:

BDABD6~10:

AADBB11~16:

ADDBDA

Multiplechoices:

1.IwonderwhyJenny______usrecently.Weshouldhavehearsfromherbynow.

A.hasn’twrittenB.doesn’twrite

C.won’twriteD.hadn’twritten

2.Mary_______adresswhenshecutherfinger.

A.madeB.ismaking

C.wasmakingD.makes

3.OnSaturdayafternoon,Mrs.Greenwenttothemarket,________somebananasanfvisitedhercousin.

A.boughtB.buying

C.tobuyD.buy

4.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit______.

A.willrainB.rains

C.rainedD.israining

5.-----Wehaven’theardofJaneforalongatime.

------Whatdoyousuppose______toher?

A.washappeningB.tohappen

C.hashappenedD.havinghappened

6.---Doyouknowourtownatall?

---No,it’sthefirsttimeI________here.

A.wasB.havebeen

C.cameD.amcoming

7.----Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,doyoulikeit?

----I’msorry,I___anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’sprettyonyou.

A.wasn’tsayingB.don’tsay

C.won’tsayD.didn’tsay

8.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe___officersoon.

A.leaveB.wouldleave

C.leftD.hadleft

9.I_____pingpongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.

A.willplayB.haveplayed

C.playedD.play

10.HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearbythetimehe______fromtheuniversitynextyear.

A.willgraduateB.willhavegraduated

C.graduatesD.istograduate

11.Tom______backfromFrance.Yesterdayhe________aboutit.

A.justcomes;toldB.hasjustcome;toldme

C.camejust;wastoldmeD.justhascome;wastelling

12.Hesaid,“_______muchsandinthesouthofFrance.”

A.Therearen’tB.Itisn’t

C.Itwasn’tD.Thereisn’t

13.Youshallhavesomeice-creamwhenyou_________youdinner.

A.finishedB.finish

C.willfinishD.willbefinished

14.Thomascouldfixyourcar.That______youquitealotofmoney.

A.savedB.hassaved

C.wouldsaveD.wassaving

15.“Comebackat5o’clock,”hesaid,“I’vealready_________.”

A.willbedoneB.hasbeendone

C.isbeingdoneD.wasbeingdone

16.Mariahasn’tvisitedherhomeinSpain_________.

A.formanyyearsB.sincemanyyears

C.manyyearssinceD.manyyearsago

17.When______thecar,you’llagreewithmeaboutit.

A.yousawB.you’veseen

C.youwouldseeD.hasbeenseen

18.BynextSaturdayTom___________awholemonthwithoutsmokingacigar.

A.willgoB.willhavegone

C.hasgoneD.hasbeengoing

19.Bythetimehereachedthedentist,thepaininhistooth________.

A.stoppedB.hadstopped

C.HasstoppedD.asbeenstopped

20.Theoldman_________forthreedayswhenhissongotbackhome.

A.hasbeendeadB.hadbeendead

C.diedD.haddied

KEY:

1~5:

ACABC6~10:

BDBDC11~15:

BDBCA16~20:

ABBBB

Fillitheblanks:

1.Muchofthecarbonintheearth____________（come）fromthingsthatoncelived.

2.Inthetwodecades,research_______________（expand）ourknowledgeaboutsleepanddream.

3.Someproverbs____________（be）inthelanguagefor1,000years,forexample,Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.

4.________________（stand）atthegatewasayoungmaningreencoat.

5.In1991,aftertheGulfWar,Bush’sapprovedratingreached91percent,thehighestlevelrecordedsincepolling________________（begin）inthe19302.

6.Seeingviolenceontelevisionorreadingaboutitinthenewspaperseveryday________________（make）ustoleratecrimemorethanweshould.

7.Sofar,Irving______________（live）inNewYorkCityforternyea

8.hadbeensent 过去完成时的被动形式

9.wit