综合英语第三册第一单元知识点.docx
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综合英语第三册第一单元知识点
.（PhrasePractice）
1.Theyliveduptothetruespiritofsportsmanshipthroughoutthegames.
liveupto:
tokeeptothehighstandardsof
e.g.Didthefilmliveuptoyourexpectation?
（=Wasitasgoodasyouexpected?
）
2.Westartedoffatdawnandheadedfortheseaforsurfing.
headfor:
movetowards;goto
e.g.“Whereareyouheadingfor?
”“Manchester.”
3.Theytriedtoseekoutthetruthinwhatwassaidinthenewspaper.
seekout:
Ifyouseekoutsomeoneorsomethingorseekthemout,youkeeplookingforthemuntilyoufindthem.
e.g.对于当地公司来说，现在是时候去欧洲寻求商机了。
NowisthetimeforlocalcompaniestoseekoutopportunitiesinEurope.
4.Youhavetotakeyourdaughtertohospital,asarashhasbrokenoutonherfaceandhands.
breakout:
（ofwar,fighting,disease,orsimilarlyundesirablethings）startsuddenly
e.g.
印度尼西亚爆发了森林火灾。
ForestfireshavebrokenoutacrossIndonesia.
5.Inthedarkness,I_______therightbox.gropedfor
gropefor:
feelorsearchaboutuncertainly（forsomething）byhands;searchuncertainlyorwithdifficulty（forasolution,answer,etc.）
e.g.
我在黑洞洞的屋里摸索着寻找电灯开关。
Igropeforthelightswitchinthedarkroom.
6.Iwarnedhimrepeatedlythatitwasnogood_______thatkindoftricks________me.trying…on
tryon:
puton（anarticleofclothing）tofindoutwhetheritfitsorissuitable;testtheeffectorresultof
e.g.
①你可以试试这件新上衣。
Youcantryonthisnewcoat.
②人们为什么热衷于摸彩票？
Whydopeopleliketotrytheirluckonlottery?
7.Ourheartfeltsympathies________therelativesofthevictims.gooutto
（one’sheartorsympathy）goouttosb.:
feelsympathytowardssb.andthinkaboutthem
e.g.
他非常同情布莱克曼夫人和她那没有父亲的孩子。
HisheartwentouttoMrs.Blackmanandherfatherlesschild.
8.Thedrugtraffickerswerearrestedafterthepolicewere________bythelocalresidents.tippedoff
tipoff:
giveanadvancewarningorhintto…
e.g.
他向警察告密，揭露了恐怖分子的阴谋。
Hetippedoffthepoliceabouttheterroristplot.
.（Synonym/Antonym）
1.Addingtomydistresswasthedistinctimpressionthateveryoneoncampuswaswatchingme.
•Antonyms:
indistinct,vague
2.Withthatthoughtinmind,Iraisedmyhead,squaredmyshoulders,andsetoutinthedirectionofmydorm,glancing（andtheneversodiscreetly）atthecampusmapclutchedinmyhand.
•Synonyms:
carefully,meticulously
3.Whatconfidence,whatreserve,whatmuscles!
•Synonyms:
self-restraint,self-control
4.IspenttheafternoonseekingouteachofmyclassroomssothatIcouldmakeaperfectlytimedentrancebeforeeachlecturewithouthavingtoaskdumbquestionsaboutitswhereabouts.
•Antonyms:
clever,intelligent,sensible
5.Freshmenmanualsadvisedsittingnearthefront,showingtheprofessorinintelligentandenergeticdemeanor.
•Synonyms:
manner,behaviour
6.IwasevenmoresurprisedwhenIsawwhothepoorsoulwas:
theverycomposed,veryupperclassfootballplayerI’dseenjustdaysbefore…
•Antonyms:
excited,agitated
7.IexpectedhimtoslinkoutofthecafeteriaasIhad,butinsteadheturnedaroundandbeganpreparinganothertray.
•Synonym:
sneak
8.WhatIhadinterpretedasamaliciousattempttoembarrassanaivefreshmanhadbeenmerelyamomentofcollegefun.
•Antonyms:
mature,sophisticated
I.
1.becamepopular2.respect3.keepup4.leadto
5.understand6.found7.use8.start
补充：
though，although
Though作连接词时，表示“虽然”、“尽管”之意，与另一连词although相同，但在使用场合上有所不同。
（一）although的语势比though强，大都用于正式的文体，指已成立的事实；though的语势较弱，一般指设想和假定的情况。
例：
Hewouldn'ttakeanumbrellaalthoughitwasalreadyraining．虽然当时已在下雨，他还是不愿意拿雨伞。
Hewouldn'ttakeanumbrellathoughitshouldraincatsanddogs． 虽然有可能会下大雨，他还是不愿意拿雨伞。
在西方，不少学者认为，although是though的强调式，正如until是till的强调式；upon是on的强调式一样。
（二）although在句中大都放在句首的位置，如放在句中（如上面一例），则表示强调的意味；though放在句首和句中均可（如上面一例，可将thoughitshouldraincatsanddogs移至句首）。
though若要加强语势时，可将位置移后形成倒装，例如：
Thoughheisyoung，…改为Youngthoughheis，…；
Thoughheispoor，…改为Poorthoughhemaybe，…；
但不能用although。
（三）although只能作连词使用；though除作连词外，还可用作副词，表示“然而”、“但是”等义，这时候，though一般放在句末。
例：
Annie'sgrandfatherlovestosmoke．Andhelikesbeertoo．It'simpossibleforhimtolivetobe100．Itwastrue，though．安妮的祖父喜欢抽烟，又喜欢饮啤酒，他不可能活到一百岁，然而，这却是真的，他活到了一百岁。
值得注意的是，中国学生由于受汉语“虽然…但是…”的影响，常犯though（although）之后与but连用的错误，但是之后可与nevertheless，still连用。
见下例：
Thoughbewasill，buthewenttoschool．（错）
Thoughhewasill，hewenttoschool．（对）
如果说话人一定要强调“但是”之意，可以在hewenttoschool之前加个副词yet。
另一点要注意的是，词组asthough、eventhough的though不能改作although，因为它们是固定词组。
在近代英语中，though作连词使用时，与although的差别已有日渐缩小的倾向，一般说来，though比although使用得普遍得多。
nevertheless“尽管如此，然而，不过，仍然”
e.g.Hewastired,buthekeptworkingnevertheless.=Hewastired;nevertheless,hekeptworking.尽管他累了，但他还继续工作。
（Pp.10-12）课本语法练习答案如下：
.
1.c2.d3.b4.f5.a6.e7.h8.g
.
1.Mydecisiontoresignwaswise.
2.Theirreadinesstoacceptthepeaceagreementreallysurprisedthediplomaticworld.
3.Mydeterminationtopassthetesthelpedme.
4.Herfailuretogetintocollegedisappointedherparents.
5.Mywillingnesstocooperatewasappreciated.
6.Hisrefusaltohelpsurprisedme.
7.Theproposalthatweshouldimportmoreequipmentistobediscussedatthemeeting.
8.Whocanhavetoldyouthatpuzzlesme.
.
1—4DBCC5—8ABDB
.
1.IspenttheafternoonseekingouteachofmyclassroomssothatIcouldmakeaperfectlytimedentrancebeforeeachlecture.
2.Heworeglassesandafalsebeardsothatnobodywouldrecognizehim.
3.ThestrangerspokeveryslowlysothatIcouldunderstandwhathesaid.
4.Shelockedthedoorsothatshewouldn’tbedisturbed.
5.Johnwhisperedsothatotherscouldn’thearhim.
6.Pleasearriveearlysothatwecanstartthemeetingontime.
7.Johnhasboughtabicyclesothathemaysavemoneyonbustravel.
8.Thelecturershowedsomeslidessothathemightillustratehispoint.
.
1.Although/Though2.yet3.however/though4.however/nevertheless/though
5.Although/Though；still/nevertheless6.Despite/Inspiteof
7.although/though8.however9.However10.Despite/Inspiteof
I.
1.Wehavetogetthecarfixednomatterhowmuchitcosts.
Youcan’tgoinnomatterwhoyouare.
2.Hefinishedallthepaperworkatfiveo’clock,gettingup,refillingtheteapot,thenhiscup.Andaddingatouchofskimmedmilk.
Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.
Writing（p.15）
EssayWriting
1.AnIntroduction
Differentkindsofessays:
descriptive,narrative,expositive,persuasive（orargumentative）
Structuralfeatures:
adefinablebeginning,middleandending;acentralidea（orthethesis）
Whatmakesagoodessay:
TaskResponse
CoherenceandCohesion
LexicalResource
GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy
Fullyandappropriatelyexplain/prove/discussthethesiswithclear,relevantandwell-supportedideasinrequiredlength
Informationandideasarewellorganized,presentedandlinked
Awiderangeofvocabularyusedinanaccurateandappropriatemannerforthetask
Awiderangeofstructuresusedinanaccurateandappropriatemannerforthetask
2.Sample
WhyKing’sCollege?
①ThisparagraphwillexplainwhyIamgoingtoKing’sCollege.②ThefirstreasonIgotoKCisthatitissmall.③Theclassesareeasytogettoontime,andifIhavetoruntothelibrary,Icangettherequickly.④Second,KCislocatedinasmalltown.⑤IcanwalkanywhereIwanttogo.⑥Third,thecostofgoingtoKCislow,andmostofthebooksarecheckedouttothestudentsinthelibrary.⑦Fourth,theinstructorsarefriendlyandeasytofindduringtheirofficehours.⑧ThisparagraphhasexplainedwhyIamattendingKing’sCollege.
SampleAnalysis
Thesampleisaone-paragraphessay.
Sentence①constitutesthebeginningoftheessayandalsoservesasitsthesis.
Sentences②-⑦aresupportingideasandmakeupitsbody.
Sentence⑧istheendofthisessayandreiteratesitsmainidea.
3.Practice
Writeaone-paragraphessayonthegiventopic:
WhyIKept________asMyPet.
Sample
WhyIKeptaCatasMyPet
Mostpeoplechoosetokeepcatsastheirpetsforsomesimilarreasons.Firstandforemost,Ithinkcatsarecute.Ilovetoseemycatmewingtobefed.Anditseemscatscandoalotofthingswiththeirbody.Theycurlupandburytheirfacewhentheysleep.Theyarchtheirbackinafrightenedanddefensivemode.Andevenfashionmodelstrytoimitate“cat’swalk”.Second,catsarecleananimals.Theydoatidy-upaftertheyeat.Theycanbetrainedtousecatlitterwhentheyhavetopeeandshitindoors.Third,catsarebetterthandogsinasensethatyoudon’thavetowalkthem,whichcansavemealotoftrouble.Keepingpetscanbearatherpersonalchoiceandmyfirstpetcatwasgivenbymyfatherasabirthdaygift.
Translation（P.13）
.
1.事实上，不管我如何摆出一副成熟的样子，我感觉自己还是有一点大一新生的菜鸟气。
2.新生手册上建议坐在前排，在教授面前摆出一幅聪敏、朝气的架势。
3.整整三天，我独自品尝的只有耻辱和羞愧。
偏巧门口有台快餐机，于是那三天我吃的全是里面各色垃圾食品。
4.我曾以为那些笑声是恶意捉弄菜鸟新生的，原来那不过是大学校园里的开心一刻。
.
1.听到他屡遭失败的消息，我感到很难过。
（distress）
Explanation
Ifyoudistresssomeone,youupsetthembydoingorsayingsomethingthatcausesthemtofeelunhappyoralarmed.
Translation
Itdistressedmeagreatdealtohearthenewsthathehadsufferedrepeatedfailures.
Practice
①如果我问了你的这一切使你感到苦恼，我很抱歉。
I’msorryifI’vedistressedyoubyaskingallthis.
②请不要自寻烦恼。
Pleasedon’tdistressyourself.
2.他虽然失去了老板的欢心，但仍然装出一副高兴的样子。
（assume）
Explanation:
Ifyouassumeaparticularexpressionorwayofbehaving,youlookorbehaveinthiswaydeliberatelyinordertogivepeopleaparticularimpression.
Translation
Heassumedanairforcheerfulness,eventhoughhelostfavorwithhisboss.
Practice
①文职官员们装出一副军人的样子。
Civilservantsassumeacertainmilitaryair.
②他装出一副悔过的样子。
Heassumedanexpressionofpenitence.
3.格列佛（Gulliver）经历了冒险奇遇，见到了各色奇异的人物。
（assortment）
Translation
Gulliverme
升级会员 