高考英语备考之阅读理解压轴突破训练培优篇.docx

高考英语备考之阅读理解压轴突破训练培优篇.docx

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高考英语备考之阅读理解压轴突破训练培优篇

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   SouthAfricaisthewater-lovers'paradise.Whetheryouwanttobebythesea,ontheseaorevenunderit,therearecountlesswaystogetyouroceanexperience.AlmostallofthemarelocatedonSouthAfrica'seastcoast,wheretheIndianOceankeepswaterwarm.

   Thompson'sBay,Ballito

   Drive40minutesnorthofDurbantoreachtheuniquecoastaltownofBallito.Popularwithholidaymakers,Ballitohasachoiceofprettybeaches----andthebestforswimmingis

   Thompson'sBay.Thissceniccove（小海湾）isshelteredfromthewindandcharacterizedbyitscalmwaters,interestingrockyoutcropsandafascinatinggeologicalhole-in-the-wall.There'sawalledtidalpoolforthosewhoarenervoustoswimintheopenocean,makingthisspotaparticularlygoodchoiceforfamilies.

   UmhlangaRocks,Durban

   Locateda20-minutedrivefromcentralDurban,theresorttownofUmhlangaisanupmarketgetawayforvacationingSouthAfricansandvisitorsintheknow.ThemainUmhlangaRocksbeachboastssafeswimmingwatersandendlessgoldensands,againprotectedbylifeguardsandsharknets.Apavedwalkwayprovidesdirectaccesstothetown'sbeachfrontshops,restaurantsandbars.

   GonubieBeach,EastLondon

   ThecoastaltownofGonubieisseenbymanyasasuburbofEastLondon,oneofthelargestcitiesoftheEasternCape.Itspicture-perfectbeachoffersgreatswimmingareasintheopensea.TheGonubieRiverreachestheseaatthispoint,too,andoffersanalternativebathingspotondayswhenthesurfisbiggerthanusual.Allalongtheriver'sgreenbanks,you'llfindaseriesofshadedspotsperfectforsummerpicnicsandbarbecues.

（1）IfyouareplanningafamilytriptoSouthAfrica,whichbeachsuitsyoubest?

A.Thompson'sBay,Ballito.

B.UmhlangaRocks,Durban.

C.GonubieBeach.EastLondon

D.Kelly'sBeach,PortAlfred.

（2）What'sspecialaboutUmhlangaRocksinDurban?

A.Itisfreeforchildren.

B.Itstargetcrowdistherich.

C.Ithasawalledtidalpool.

D.Ithaspalebrownsand.

（3）WhenmeetingviolentwavesonGonubieBeach,youcan.

A.goswimmingintheopensea

B.gobathingatanalternativespot

C.gosurfingintheopensea

D.gocampingbytheriverside.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了南非三个著名的海滨旅游景点的信息。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"There'sawalledtidalpoolforthosewhoarenervoustoswimintheopenocean,makingthisspotaparticularlygoodchoiceforfamilies."可知"Thompson'sBay,Ballito"是家庭旅行很好的选择。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"Locateda20-minutedrivefromcentralDurban,theresorttownofUmhlangaisanupmarketgetawayforvacationingSouthAfricansandvisitorsintheknow."中的"anupmarketgetaway"意为"高档的度假胜地"，由此可知"UmhlangaRocks,Durban"适合富人度假。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的"TheGonubieRiverreachestheseaatthispoint,too,andoffersanalternativebathingspotondayswhenthesurfisbiggerthanusual."可知在GonubieBeach如果风浪太大，景点会给游客提供备用的浴场。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   AuniversityinNanjing,Jiangsuprovince,hasinstalledfacialrecognitionsystemsinclassroomstomonitorstudents'behavior,sparkingaheateddebateonline.ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityrecentlyinstalledthesystemsintwopilotclassroomsaswellasschoolgates,dormitoryentrances,thelibraryandlaboratorybuildings.

   XuJianzhen,directoroftheuniversity'slibraryandinformationcenter,toldTbePthatthesystemswillhelpteacherscheckstudentattendanceandmonitorbehaviorduringthelectures."Inthepast,somestudentsjustcheckedtheirattendanceandditchedtheclassoraskedotherstudentstochecktheattendanceforthem.Nowwithfacialrecognition,thatwouldnolongerbeaproblem,"hesaid."Themomentyouentertheclassroom,thecamerawillmonitoryouallthewaythroughandcantellhowlongyouloweryourhead,whetheryou'replayingwithasmartphone,whetheryou'redozingofforreadingotherbooks,"headded.

   ThenewshasraisedwidedebateonChinesesocialmedia,withmanyquestioningifthecameraswillviolatestudents'privacy.ASinaWeibousersaid:

"Iopposesuchmethods,anditisnotclearwhetherthesystemsaredevelopedbytheschoolitselforbythirdparties.Ifitisthelatter,isthereanyregulationofsecurity?

Wherewilltheinformationbesentandstored?

"

   GanXiangsi,aseniorstudentfromtheuniversity,saidshewelcomedthesystemsbeingappliedindormitoriesandlibrariesasthiscanhelppreventpersonalbelongingsbeingstolen，butitisnotnecessarytousesuchtechnologyintheclassroom."Iftheteacherteacheswell，thestudentswillbeinterested,"shesaid."Onthecontrary,thiskindofmonitoringwillmakeeveryonefeelresistant."

   ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityisnotthefirstuniversitytousefacialrecognitiontechnologyoncampus.Manyuniversitiesacrossthecountryhaveinstalledcamerasatcampusentrancestoensuresafety.Butmanyarealsohesitantwhenitcomestoapplyingsuchtechnologyinclassrooms.

   "Thisissuehasbeendebatedforquitealongtime,"ChuZhaohui,aseniorresearcherattheNationalInstituteofEducationSciences,toldChinaNationalRadio.AccordingtoChu,teachersandstudentswhoareunderobservationmightnotbehaveastheynormallywouldsincetheyknowtheyarebeingwatched."Camerasshouldnotbeinstalledinclassroomsmerelyforeffectiveteachingpurposes,"Chusaid,asteachersarealsobeingobserved.Heagreedthat"students'privacyneedstobeprotected".Healsosaidthatnotputtingclassroomsundercontrolisanimportantprinciple."Ifyoudon'tfollowthisprinciple,studentswillfalsifyanddisguisetheirstateoflistening，andteachersmayalsonotperformaswell.Thenrealteachingwillnotoccur,"headded.

（1）WhichofthefollowingisNOTthefunctionoffacialrecognitionsystems?

A.Tohelpcheckstudentattendance.

B.Tohelpmonitorstudentbehavior.

C.Tohelpensurestudentsafety.

D.Tohelpprotectstudentprivacy

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ditch"inparagraph2mean?

A.abandon

B.attend

C.dislike

D.enjoy

（3）What'sChuZhaohui'sattitudetowardsinstallingcamerasinclassrooms?

A.favorable

B.indifferent

C.unfavorable

D.neutral

（4）What'sthewriter'spurposeofwritingthispassage?

A.Tointroducethefunctionoffacialrecognitionsystems.

B.Toexpresshispreferenceforfacialrecognitionsystems.

C.Toexpresshisstrongdislikeforfacialrecognitionsystems.

D.Tointroducepeople'sdifferentattitudestofacialrecognitionsystems.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了江苏省南京市的一所大学在教室里安装了面部识别系统来监控学生的行为，这在网上引起了激烈的争论。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“XuJianzhen，directoroftheuniversity'slibraryandinformationcenter,toldTbePthatthesystemswillhelpteacherscheckstudentattendanceandmonitorbehaviorduringthelectures.”该校图书馆信息中心主任徐建振告诉TbeP，该系统将帮助教师检查学生出勤情况，并监控学生在课堂上的行为）排除A和B；根据倒数第二段中的“Manyuniversitiesacrossthecountryhaveinstalledcamerasatcampusentrancestoensuresafety.”全国许多大学都在校园入口处安装了摄像头，以确保安全排除C。

D选项“帮助保护学生的隐私”不是面部识别系统的功能，故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“oraskedotherstudentstochecktheattendanceforthem.”或者让其他学生帮他们签到。

可知上文意思是过去，一些学生只是签到，然后逃课。

"ditch"的意思是放弃，抛弃，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"‘amerasshouldnotbeinstalledinclassroomsmerelyforeffectiveteachingpurposes,’Chusaid,asteachersarealsobeingobserved.“不应该仅仅为了有效的教学而在教室里安装摄像头，”朱说，因为老师们也在被观察。

）由此推断出，朱朝晖对在教室里安装摄像头持不赞成的态度，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“AuniversityinNanjing,Jiangsuprovince，hasinstalledfacialrecognitionsystemsinclassroomstomonitorstudents'behavior,sparkingaheateddebateonline.”江苏省南京市的一所大学在教室里安装了面部识别系统来监控学生的行为，这在网上引起了激烈的争论。

可推断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍人们对人脸识别系统的不同态度，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   IvisitedElbalastJune,joiningMaryandJohnonabicyclingvacation.Theymadethearrangementsforthecar,hotelandbicycles.Istudiedthehistoryoftheisland,whichofcourseparticularlyfeaturesNapoleon.

   Napoleon（nowIknow）pickedElbaasaplaceforpeacewhenhewasforcedtogiveupthethrone（王权）asEmperorofFrancein1814.Farfrombeingaprisonisland,Elbaisbeautifulwithtoweringmountains,thickforestsandsweepingbaysandbeaches.

   Itisalsoanislandfilledwithtreasure.Veryearlyonthisisland,localsdiscoveredrichdepositsofiron.Soonoutsiders,too,discoveredtheironand150othervaluablemineralsonthislittlepieceofland.LongbeforeEtruscansandotherGreekssetfootonit,DorianshadmovedinbythetenthcenturyB.C.andwereminingtheisland.TheRomansrulednext,obtainingthemineralsandbuildinggrandhousesoverlookingthesea.Fromthetwelfthcenturyuntilthenineteenth,theislandwastradedbackandforthandwaspassedtoFrancein1802.ThencameNapoleon,thenewrulerofElba.

   IwaseagertovisithishouseinPortoferraio.TheEmperorlivedwithhiscourtandhismother,buthiswife,MarieLouisehadensconcedherselfinthesplendidViennesepalaceofherfather,EmperorofAustria.Shelivedsafelythereandshowedlittleinterestinvisitingherhusbandinhismini-kingdom.Apparently,Napoleonwasn'ttroubledmuchbythis.Hewastoobusyridingeverywhereonhorseback,buildingroads,modernizingagricultureand,aboveall,sharpeninghistinyarmyandnavyintoreadinessforhisescape.

   IntheformalgardensbehindthehouseitseemedtomethatIcouldimaginetheexiled（流放的）conqueror'sanxiousthoughts.HemightgazeoverwhereIstoodnow,towardthelighthouseoftheStellafort,thesandybay,andacrossit,thegreenmountainsoftheTuscancoast.NapoleonspentonlytenmonthsherebeforemakinghisvictoriousreturntoFranceandthethrone.

（1）WhatdidtheauthordoforthevisittoEl