锅炉规程.docx

锅炉规程.docx

《锅炉规程.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《锅炉规程.docx（147页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

锅炉规程

锅炉运行规程

（试行本）

太平洋生物科技有限公司

热电动力车间

二○一二年二月十一日

编制：

审核：

批准：

编制说明

本规程依据国家GB/T标准和电力系统的有关法令、法规及有关规定。

根据现场的设备安装情况和设备安装进度，为以后机组的正常运行和正常操作有据可依特制定本规程。

本规程在编制过程中不免存在有不足之处，希望各级领导和有关技术人员提出宝贵意见，使我们在以后的工作中逐步提高和完善本规程。

特此我们表示忠心的感谢对我们工作的支持。

——谢谢！

目录

一、锅炉设备结构及布置·······················································7

1、锅炉设计概况·································································7

2、锅炉设备有关数据··························································10

3、锅炉结构简述································································17

二、锅炉辅助设备及运行······················································25

1、转机运行通则································································25

2、引风机及电机································································27

3、一次风机及电机·····························································28

4、高压返料风机及电机·······················································30

5、二次风机及电机·····························································30

6、电子称重给煤机·····························································32

7、水冷式滚筒冷渣机··························································33

8、DS400系列埋刮板输送机················································36

9、DS400系列重载板链斗式提升机·······································37

10、锅炉吹灰····································································37

三、锅炉机组的启动···························································40

1、禁止锅炉启动的条件·······················································40

2、锅炉的烘炉···································································40

3、锅炉的煮炉·································································424、过热器及减温器反冲洗···················································45

5、锅炉启动前的检查和试验················································46

①锅炉启动前的检查·························································46

②锅炉的水压试验····························································49

③风机连锁试验·······························································51

④漏风试验·····································································52

⑤锅炉冷态空气动力场试验················································53

6、锅炉的启动··································································54

四、锅炉正常运行的调整······················································59

1、锅炉运行调整的任务和目的·············································59

2、运行主要参数的控制······················································59

3、汽压、汽温调节····························································59

4、水位的调整··································································61

5、床温调节·····································································62

6、床压调节·····································································62

7、NOx、SO2排放浓度调节················································62

8、锅炉燃烧的调整····························································63

五、锅炉的其他操作··························································64

1、锅炉排污·····································································64

2、锅炉的放渣和放灰·························································65

3、除渣设备的运行····························································66

六、锅炉机组的停止··························································68

1、锅炉正常停炉······························································68

2、锅炉停炉保养······························································72

7、电袋除尘器的运行与维护...........................................73

8、锅炉机组事故处理······················································74

1、概述········································································74

2、锅炉水位异常·····························································75

3、锅炉承压部件损坏·······················································79

4、锅炉燃烧系统异常·······················································85

5、其他故障···································································94

6、消防规定···································································96

第一章锅炉设备结构及布置

该循环流化床是一种高效、低污染的燃烧技术,具有煤种适应性广，锅炉效率高，床内添加石灰石易实现经济脱硫和降低NOX排放量等优点，同时燃烧生成的灰渣活性好，可作水泥等建筑材料的掺合料。

循环流化床锅炉采用并列的两个蜗壳式汽冷旋风分离器组成的循环燃烧系统，炉膛为膜式水冷壁结构，过热器分高、低两级对流布置，中间设喷水减温器，尾部设三级光管省煤器和一二次风空气预热器，点火系统采用高能电子点火器点燃油枪，热烟气经布风板点燃床料的“床下动态点火技术”，构架全部为金属结构，运转层标高为8米。

第一节锅炉设计概况

一、锅炉设计主要参数

锅炉型号为UG—150/5.3—M8型次高温次高压、单锅筒横置式、单炉膛、自然循环、全悬吊结构、全钢架π型布置。

制造厂家：

无锡华光锅炉股份有限公司。

制造日期：

2010年11月

额定蒸汽温度485℃

额定蒸汽压力（表压）5.3Mpa

额定蒸汽流量150t/h

给水温度150℃

锅炉排烟温度135℃

锅炉计算热效率88%

燃料消耗量25t/h

石灰石消耗量2.24t/h

空气预热器进风温度20℃

一次热风温度158℃

二次热风温度154℃

一、二次风量比60：

40

排污率≤2%

循环倍率25～30

锅炉飞灰份额70%

脱硫效率（钙硫摩尔比为2.5时）≥80%

二、燃料特性

1、煤质分析资料：

收到基：

C=48.8%H=3.08%O=8.32%N=0.51%S=1.07%A=24.59%W=13.63%

干燥无灰基挥发份V=34.56%

收到基低位热值：

4500kcal/kg

煤的入炉粒度要求：

粒度范围0～10mm，50%切割粒径d50=1.5mm。

名称

符号

单位

数值

设计煤种

校核煤种

碳

Car

%

48.8

51.13

氢

Har

%

3.08

3.08

氧

Oar

%

8.32

10.42

氮

Nar

%

0.66

0.57

全硫

St.d

%

1.07

0.67

灰份

Aar

%

24.59

16.92

全水份

Mar

%

13.63

17.34

分析基水份

Mad

%

4.27

6.09

可燃基挥发份

Vdaf

%

34.56

34.82

低位发热量

Qnet.ar

MJ/kg

18.85

16.89

2、点火及助燃用油

锅炉点火用油：

0#轻柴油

序号

分析项目

单位

测定结果

标准要求

实验方法

1

密度20℃

t/m3

0.853

实测

GB/T1884

2

水份

%

痕迹

痕迹

GB/T260

3

运动粘度

mm2/s

4.2

3.0~8.0

GB/T265

4

闭口闪点

℃

70

不低于65

GB/T261

5

灰份

%

0.01

不高于0.02

GB/T508

6

硫含量

%

0.1

不高于1.0

GB/T380

三、灰渣特性

（灰成分分析资料）

名称

符号

单位

数值

设计煤种

校核煤种1

校核煤种2

二氧化硅

SIO2

%

56.12

40.57

65.00

三氧化二铝

AI2O3

%

25.98

34.78

21.99

三氧化二铁

Fe2O3

%

5.75

13.80

7.00

氧化钙

CaO

%

3.31

3.28

1.82

氧化钾

K2O

%

2.18

1.47

1.00

氧化钠

Na2O

%

0.9

0.24

0.14

氧化镁

MgO

%

0.41

0.6

0.47

三氧化硫

SO3

%

2.74

2.64

1.13

五氧化二磷

P2O5

%

0.131

0.071

0.042

二氧化钛

TiO2

%

0.84

1.28

0.53

其它

%

1.639

1.269

0.878

四、石灰石特性

石灰石纯度分析

石灰石的入炉粒度要求：

粒度范围0～1mm，50%切割粒径d50=0.25mm，详见

附图。

名称

符号

单位

设计煤种

校核煤种

氧化钙

CaO

%

52.5

氧化镁

MgO

%

1.17

三氧化二铁

Fe2O3

%

0.71

二氧化硅

SiO2

%

2.89

水份

H2O

%

五、汽水品质

1、给水品质

水源：

地下水

硬度：

≤1mg/l

PH值：

8.5～9.2

锅炉正常排污率：

≤2%

2、蒸汽品质

钠：

≤10ug/l

二氧化硅：

≤20ug/l

导电度（25℃）：

≤0.3us/cm

第二节锅炉设备有关数据

一、设备技术数据

序号

项目

单位

数据

1

汽包

个

1

中心标高

m

40

内径、厚度、总长

Φmm、mm、mm

1600、60、10800

工作压力

MPa

5.83

水压试验压力

MPa

7.3

旋风分离器直径

mm

294

单个旋风分离器设计出力

t/h

4.05

旋风分离器数量

只。

37

汽包水容量

kg

20000

2

水冷壁

工作压力

MPa

6.3

管径×壁厚

Φmm

Φ60×5

总受热面积

m2

800

设计质量流速

kg/m2.s

5

3

过热器

级

高，低温各一级

工作压力

MPa

5.8

低温过热器前、后烟温

℃

684、586

低温过热器底部烟温

℃

586

低温过热器管径×壁厚

Φmm

Φ42×4

低温过热器受热面积

m2

352

高温过热器受热面积

m2

344

高温过热器前、后烟温

℃

822、684

高温过热器管径×厚壁

Φmm

Φ38×4

过热总受热面积

m2

696

4

省煤器

级

3

工作压力

MPa

6.3

设计进、出口烟气温度

℃

586，259

省煤器压降

MPa

0.45

进、出口烟气流速

m/s

7

管径×厚壁

Φmm

Φ32×4

受热总面积

m2

2500

5

空气预热器

组

一，二次风各三组

形式

卧式

入口及出口烟气温度

℃

259．128

入口空气温度（一次风、二次风）

℃

2020

出口空气温度（一次风、二次风）

℃

158．154

进、出口烟气流速

m/s

10.5

受热面积总计

m2

3512

6

旋风分离器

旋风分离器形式

汽冷

旋风分离器数量

个

2

旋风分离器直径

mm

3720

设计介质温度

℃

912

设计分离效率

%

99.5

7

风帽

风帽形式

钟罩

风帽数量

个

801

二、热力计算结果汇总表

1、锅炉规范

名称及符号

单位

结果

备注

锅炉额定蒸发量De

t/h

150

锅炉计算蒸发量D

t/h

150

蒸汽出口压力pgr

MPa（g）

5.3

给水温度tgs

℃

150

连续排污率Ppw

%

2

锅炉负荷率R

%

100

额定蒸汽出口温度tgr

℃

485

锅筒工作压力pgt

MPa（g）

5.83

给水压力pgs

MPa（g）

6.5

冷空气温度tlk

℃

20

2、燃料计算

名称及符号

单位

结果

备注

应用基Cy

%

48.8

应用基Oy

%

8.32

应用基Sy

%

1.07

应用基Ay

%

24.59

应用基Hy

%

3.08

应用基Ny

%

0.51

应用基Wy

%

13.63

低位发热量Qrl.dw

Kcal/kg

4502.03

低位发热量校验Qv

Kcal/kg

4440.2

外加热量Qwj

Kcal/kg

0

燃料显热Qxr

Kcal/kg

0

燃料支配热Qpp

Kcal/kg

4502.03

理论空气量VO

Nm3/kg

4.91314

N2理论容积VN2A

Nm3/kg

3.88546

H2O理论容积VH2OA

Nm3/kg

0.589993

RO2理论容积VRO2A

Nm3/kg

0.918095

3、热平衡计算

名称及符号

单位

结果

备注

排烟热损失q2

%

6.45682

机械未完全燃烧损失q4

%

3.75362

灰渣热损失q6

%

0.451224

化学未完全燃烧损失q3

%

0.5

散热损失q5

%

0.75

锅炉热效率ηgl

%

88.0883

保热系数ψ

0.9925

燃料消耗量B

kg/h

25024.3

计算燃料消耗量Bp

kg/h

24084.9

投石灰石脱硫放热量

kcal/kg燃料

325.013

投石灰石脱硫吸热量

kcal/kg燃料

401.248

脱硫后效率变化量

%

—1.69336

4、炉膛

名称及符号

单位

结果

备注

计算传热面积Flt

m2

694

炉膛容积Vlt

m3

1211.17

出口烟焓Iy’’

kcal/kg

7185.2

传热系数K

kcal/kg.℃.m2

130

水平断面面积Fdm

m2

39.07

出口烟气温度θ’’

℃

880.352

容积热负荷qV

kcal/h.m3

89525.9

水平断面积热负荷qdm

kcal/h.m3

2.78E+06

5、减温器计算

名称及符号

单位

结果

备注

减温器类型

级

喷水减温

喷水水温tps

℃

150

喷水压力Pps

MPa（g）

6.5

减温器喷水量ΔD

t/h

4.72777

进口蒸汽温度t1

℃

438.972

出口蒸汽温度t2

℃

405.107

6、传热部件计算结果汇总

名称及符号

单位

分离器（汽冷）

转向室过热器包墙管

高温过热器

高过附加受热面（蒸汽）

低温过热器

低过附加受热面（蒸汽）

管子规格

mm

/

Φ51×5

Φ38×4

/

Φ42×4

/

对流受热面积

m2

78.5

208

451

59.5

469.19

62.3

烟气进口温度

℃

880.352

906.641

822.499

822.499

684.168

684.168

烟气出口温度

℃

906.641

822.499

684.168

684.168

586.794

586.794

烟气进口焓

kcal/kg

7185.2

2160.67

1941.14

1941.14

1609.97

1609.97

烟气出口焓

kcal/kg

2160.67

1941.14

1609.97

1609.97

1382.62

1382.62

工质进口温度

℃

274.801

331.251

405.107

322.806

385.644

317.052

工质出口温度

℃

317.052

385.644

485.08

331.251

438.972

322.806

工质进口焓

kcal/kg

665.267

714.579

763.946

708.38

750.706

704.017

工质出口焓

kcal/kg

704.017

750.706

810.825

714.579

783.861

708.38

烟气平均速度

m/s

/

/

10.8587

/

10.7434

/

工质平均速度

m/s

/

12.4012

24.14

/

16.4597

/

污染系数或利用系数

m3.h.℃/kcal

/

/

0.00669376

/

0.00743648

/

烟气侧辐射放热系数

kcal/h.℃.m3

/

/

23.0844

/

18.6221

/

烟气侧对流放热系数

kcal/h.℃.m3

/

/

57.8235

/

55.8379

/

工质侧对流放热系数

kcal/h.℃.m3

/

/

1502.35

/

1186.31

/

传热系数

kcal/h.℃.m3

120

109.769

50.7122

35.4985

46.0629

32.244

平均温压

℃

597.57

229.829

307.661

426.305

222.697

315.552

辐射传热量

kcal/kg

/

/

/

/

/

/

对流传热量

kcal/kg

233.719

217.872

292.157

37.3854

199.834

26.318