习题外研版选修8 Module 5 课下能力提升十八.docx

习题外研版选修8 Module 5 课下能力提升十八.docx

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习题外研版选修8Module5课下能力提升十八

课下能力提升（十八）

Ⅰ.根据提示写出单词的正确形式

1．Astheeconomydevelops,thenaturalincomegoesupwithaleap（飞跃）．

2．Theseforeignershaveputforwardaproposalforajoint（联合的）venture.

3．Theword“explode”means“toburst（爆炸）withalotofforceandloudnoise”．

4．Willyouactaswitness（见证人）totheagreementbetweenus?

5．Over3millionviewerstune（收看）intoourshowdaily.

6．Heisfamiliarwithalltheimportanthistoric（history）events.

7．TheancientEgyptianshadadvanced（advance）civilizations.

8．Afterwaitingforanhour,Iwasbeginningtorunoutofpatience（patient）．

9．Notaccustomed（accustom）toassociatingwithbusinesspeople,shedecidedtobeateacheraftergraduation.

10．Howcouldyoumakeanassumption（assume）aboutherwithoutmeetingher?

Ⅱ.选词填空

attheverybeginningof，setfooton，beaccustomedto，eversince，inshock，beawareof，inspiteof，makeit

1．Ihaven'theardfromhimever_sincelastyear.

2．Everybodyis_aware_oftheimportanceoftheskill.

3．Theyelectedhimmonitorat_the_very_beginning_oftheterm.

4．Heremainsexcellentinhisstudiesatschoolin_spite_ofhavingtodoparttimejobseverynowandthen.

5．Sinceentryintohighschoolthestudentshavebeen_accustomed_tostayinguplateintheeveningandgettingupearlyinthemorning.

6．Workhard,andyou'llmake_iteventually.

7．Hewasstillin_shockfromwhathadhappenedearlierintheafternoon.

8．Nobodyhaseverset_foot_onthatisland.

Ⅲ.完成句子

1．她一听到这个悲伤的消息，就失声痛哭起来。

Scarcelyhadsheheardthesadnewswhensheburst_out_crying/burst_into_tears.

2．两个故事我都不喜欢，因为这个故事并不比那个故事有趣。

Ilikeneitherofthetwostories.Forthisstoryisno_more_interesting_thanthatone.

3．我习惯于在睡觉前听一些轻音乐。

Iam_accustomed_to_listening_tosomelightmusic.

4．他夹着一大本书，走出了图书馆。

Hecameoutofthelibrary,a_large_book_under_his_arm.

5．你的作业下周一必须上交。

Yourhomeworkis_to_be_handed_innextMonday.

Ⅳ.阅读理解

A

Saturn'sicymoonEnceladuscouldtheoreticallybehometomethaneproducing（产甲烷的）alienlife,NASAsaid.Researchersmadetheannouncementbasedondatafrom2015,whenthespacecraftCassinidetectedthepresenceofhydrogenduringaflightthroughacloudofgasandiceeruptingfromEnceladus'southpole.Thehydrogencouldbeasignofmethanogenesis,aformofbreathinwhichmicrobes（微生物）producemethane.

ThisisaverysignificantfindingbecausethehydrogencouldbeapotentialsourceofchemicalenergyforanymicrobesthatmightbeinEnceladus'ocean，”LindaSpilker,ascientistatNASA'sJetPropulsionLaboratory,saidatapressconference.“WenowknowthatEnceladushasalmostalloftheingredientsyouwouldneedtosupportlifeasweknowitonEarth.”ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalScience.

“Thisistheclosestwe'vecome,sofar,toidentifyingaplacewithsomeoftheingredientsneededforahabitableenvironment，”ThomasZurbuchen,associateadministratorforNASA'sScienceMissionDirectorate,saidinastatement.“TheseresultsdemonstratethenatureofNASA'ssciencemissionsthataregettingusclosertoansweringwhetherweareindeedaloneornot.”

NASAalsoannouncedthattheHubbleSpaceTelescopeobservedwhatmayhavebeenwatervaporemergingfromthesurfaceofJupiter'smoonEuropain2014,andagainaroundthesameareain2016.

ConfirmingtheexistenceofEuropa'sgaswouldallowresearcherstostudythatmoon'schemicalmakeupwithouthavingtodigthroughmilesoficycrust（表面）.TheCassiniandHubblediscoveriesrelatedtothese“oceanworlds”willhelpscientistsplanNASA'sEuropaClippermission,settolaunchinthe2020s.TheplanisfortheunmannedspacecrafttoorbitJupiterandperformadetailedinvestigationofEuropa.

“Thesediscoveriesarecomingjustattheperfecttime，”JimGreen,directorofNASA'sPlanetaryScienceDivision,said.“Itenablesustomaketherightsetofobservationsthatcantellusmuchmoreabouttheseoceanworlds,Europainparticular.”

1．Thenewdiscoverymadethescientistsfeelmore________.

A．confident　　　　　　　B．doubtful

C．worriedD．confused

解析：

选A　细节理解题。

由第二段中的“Thisisaverysignificantfinding”，第三段中的“Thisistheclosestwe'vecome”及最后一段中的“Thesediscoveriesarecomingjustattheperfecttime”可知，新的发现让科学家们对探测外星生命的任务更加有信心。

2．Accordingtothetext,NASA'ssciencemissionsaimto________.

A．makespacetravelareality

B．analyzeJupiter'schemicalmakeup

C．findoutwhetherlifeexistsoutsideEarth

D．exploretheresourcesonSaturn'sicymoon

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

由第三段中的“TheseresultsdemonstratethenatureofNASA'ssciencemissionsthataregettingusclosertoansweringwhetherweareindeedaloneornot”可知，NASA科学任务的本质是弄清是否只有地球上存在生命。

3．Whichwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．ThereislifeoutsideEarth

B．Enceladuscouldharboralienlife

C．AnewstudyaboutSaturnbegins

D．NASAisplanningalandingonJupiter

解析：

选B　标题归纳题。

本文重点在于告诉我们最近发现土卫二南极有氢气，这个迹象可能是外星生命存在的证明。

故B项最适合作文章标题。

B

Theoddnessoflifeinspaceneverquitegoesaway.Herearesomeexamples.

Firstconsidersomethingassimpleassleep.Itspositionpresentsitsownchallenges.Themainquestioniswhetheryouwantyourarmsinsideoroutsidethesleepingbag.Ifyouleaveyourarmsout,theyfloatfreeinzerogravity,oftengivingasleepingastronautthelookofafunnyballet（芭蕾）dancer.“I'maninsideguy，”MikeHopkinssays,whoreturnedfromasixmonthtourontheInternationalSpaceStation.“Iliketobewrappedup.”

Onthestation,theordinarybecomesstrange.TheexercisebikefortheAmericanastronautshasnohandlebars.Italsohasnoseat.Withnogravity,it'sjustaseasytopedalviolently.Youcanwatchamoviewhileyoupedalbyfloatingamicrocomputeranywhereyouwant.Butstationresidentshavetobecarefulaboutstayinginoneplacetoolong.Withoutgravitytohelpcirculateair,thecarbondioxideyouexhale（呼气）hasatendencytoformaninvisible（隐形的）cloudaroundyourhead.Youcanendupwithwhatastronautscallacarbondioxideheadache.

LeroyChiao,54,anAmericanretiredastronautafterfourflights,describeswhathappensevenbeforeyoufloatoutofyourseat.“Yourinnerearthinksyou'refalling.Meanwhileyoureyesaretellingyouyou'restandingstraight.Thatcanbeannoying—that'swhysomepeoplefeelsick.”Withinacoupleofdays—trulyterribledaysforsome—astronauts'brainslearntoignorethepanickysignalsfromtheinnerear,andspacesicknessdisappears.

Spacetravelcanbesodelightfulbutatthesametimeinvisiblydangerous.Forinstance,astronautslosebonemass.That'swhyexerciseisconsideredsovitalthatNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration（NASA）putsitrightontheworkdayschedule.Thefocusonfitnessisasmuchaboutscienceandthefutureasitisaboutkeepinganyindividualastronauthealthy.NASAisworriedabouttwothings:

recoverytimeonceastronautsreturnhome,and,moreimportantly,howtomaintainstrengthandfitnessforthetwoandahalfyearsormorethatitwouldtaketomakearoundtriptoMars.

语篇解读：

本文是一篇说明文。

在太空中的生活有多神秘？

这可能是你想象不到的。

本文从不同角度介绍了在太空中生活时你要面对的各种挑战。

4．Whatisthemajorchallengetoastronautswhentheysleepinspace?

A．Decidingonapropersleepposition.

B．Choosingacomfortablesleepingbag.

C．Seekingawaytofallasleepquickly.

D．Findingarighttimetogotosleep.

解析：

选A　细节理解题。

根据第二段第二句“Itspositionpresentsitsownchallenges.”可知合适的睡觉姿势对于太空中的宇航员是主要的挑战。

5．Theastronautswillsufferfromacarbondioxideheadachewhen________.

A．theycirclearoundontheirbikes

B．theyusemicrocomputerswithoutastop

C．theyexerciseinoneplaceforalongtime

D．theywatchamoviewhilepedaling

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

根据文章第三段最后三句可知在一个地方时间太长就会引起头疼。

6．Someastronautsfeelsickonthestationduringthefirstfewdaysbecause________.

A．theirsensesstopworking

B．theyhavetostandupstraight

C．theyfloatoutoftheirseatsunexpectedly

D．theirbrainsreceivecontradictorymessages

解析：

选D　推理判断题。

根据第四段的“Yourinnerearthinksyou'refalling.Meanwhileyoureyesaretellingyouyou'restandingstraight.Thatcanbeannoying—that'swhysomepeoplefeelsick.”可以推知由于他们的大脑接受到相反的信息而引起了他们的恶心。

7．OneofNASA'smajorconcernsaboutastronautsis________.

A．howmuchexercisetheydoonthestation

B．howtheycanremainhealthyforlonginspace

C．whethertheycanrecoverafterreturninghome

D．whethertheyareabletogobacktothestation

解析：

选B　细节理解题。

根据文章最后一句可知NASA关心他们如何在太空中长时间保持健康。

Ⅴ.阅读七选五

Fivesimplethingsthatareactuallycomplex

Theprooffor“1＋1＝2”is300pageslong

__1__Intheearly20thcentury,BertrandRussellwantedtoprovethatmathematicsworked,sohedecidedtostartwiththesimplestconceptandprove1＋1＝2.However,ittookthemathematicianandphilosopher372pagesofcomplexsums.

Definingtheword“the”isreallydifficult

Theword“the”isoneofthemostcommonwordsinEnglish.__2__Forexample,whydowesay,“Ihavetheflu，”butnot“Ihavetheheadache？

”IntheOxfordEnglishDictionary,therearealmosttwodozendifferentwaysthewordcanbeusedinasentencecorrectly.

Yawning

Somepeoplesayweyawntokeepusalert（警觉的）bytakinginoxygen.However,variousexperimentshaveshownthatyawningactuallycoolsdownthebrain.__3__Asforwhyyawningiscontagious（感染性的）,nooneknowsthateither.

Leftandrighthavebeenconfusingphilosophersforyears

Wouldyouexplaintheconceptofleftandrightintermsofyourrelativepositiontoawellknownlandmark（地标性建筑）?

__4__It'saquestionthathasbeenpuzzlingphilosophersforyearsbecause,withoutapointofreference,it'sdifficulttodefinewhatleftandrightactuallyare.

__5__

You'dthinkthatthereasonweenjoythingsisbecauseitfeelsgoodinsomeway,butit'sonlyhalfthestory.There'safamousexperimentwherewineexpertswerefooledintothinkingacheapbottle