大学英语第一学期期末考试.docx

大学英语第一学期期末考试.docx

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大学英语第一学期期末考试

2018年大学英语第一学期期末考试（A卷）

PartIIReadingComprehension（30%）

Directions:

Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

PassageOne

Scienceisnotasetofunquestionableresultsbutawayofunderstandingtheworldaroundus.Itsrealworkisslow.Thescientificmethod,asmanyofuslearnedinschool,isagradualprocessthatbeginswithapurposeorproblemorquestiontobeanswered.Itincludesalistofmaterials,aproceduretofollow,asetofobservationstomakeand,finally,conclusionstoreach.Inmedicine,whenanewdrugisproposedthatmightcureorcontroladisease,itisfirsttestedonalargerandomgroupofpeople,andtheirreactionsarethencomparedwiththoseofanotherrandomgroupnotgiventhedrug.Allreactionsinbothgroupsarecarefullyrecordedandcompared,andthedrugisevaluated.Allofthistakestimeandpatience.

It’stheresultofcourse,thatmakesthebestnews—nottheyearsofquietworkthatcharacterizethebulkofscientificinquiry.Afteranexperimentisconcludedoranobservationismade,theresultcontinuestobeexaminedcritically.Whenitissubmittedforpublication,itgoestoagroupofthescientist’scolleagues,whoreviewthework.Einsteinwasrightwhenhesaid:

“Noamountofexperimentationcaneverprovemeright,asingleexperimentcanatanytimeprovemewrong.”

InAugust1996,NASAannouncedthediscoveryinAntarcticaofameteorite（流星）fromMarsthatmightcontainevidenceofancientlifeonanotherworld.AsPresidentClintonsaidthatday,thepossibilitythatlifeexistedonMarsbillionsofyearsagowaspotentiallyoneofthegreatdiscoveriesofourtime.

Aftertheexcitementworedownandinitialpaperswerepublished,otherresearchersbeganlookingatsamplesfromthesamemeteorite.Someconcludedthatthe“evidenceoflife”wasmostlycontaminationfromAntarcticiceorthattherewasnothingorganicatallintherock.

Wasthisafailureofscience,assomenewsreportstrumpeted?

No!

Itwasagoodexampleofthescientificmethodworkingthewayitissupposedto.Scientistsspendyearsonresearch,announcetheirfindings,andthesefindingsareexaminedbyotherscientists.That’showwelearn.Likeclimbingamountain,westruggleupthreefeetandfallbacktwo.It’saprocessfilledwithdisappointmentsandreverses,butsomehowwekeepmovingahead.

21.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassageistostatethat____________.

A）mostscientificdiscoveriesarenotreliable

B）massmediaismisleadingbecauseitlooksattheresearchresultsonly

C）scientificresearchisaprocessfilledwithreversesandrequiresslowandpatient

work

D）repeatedexperimentsarenecessarybeforemedicinecanbeusedinpatients

22.Publicationofascientificfindingsignifies__________.

A）achallengetofellowscientiststoproveitwrong

B）theendofaprocess

C）thebeginningofanewscientificinquiry

D）thesoundnessoftheresult

23.Einstein’swordsareusedtoshowthathethought___________.

A）experimentshaveprovedhimright

B）scientistsdonotneedsomanyexperiments

C）oneexperimentisnotenoughtoprovehimwrong.

D）scientificideasareneverfreefromchallenge

24.NASA’sannouncementofthediscoveryofevidenceofancientlifeonMarsshows_________.

A）thewayhumanbeingslearnaboutnature

B）thefailureofthescientificmethod

C）thefruitlessnessofhumansearchforlifeonanotherworld

D）theexcitementbroughtbyscientificfindings

25.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemediaisinterestedin__________.

A）theprocessofscientificresearch

B）theresultsofscientificresearch

C）thescientistswhodotheresearch

D）theeffectsofscientificresearchonhumanlife

PassageTwo

Normallyastudentmustattendacertainnumberofcoursesinordertograduate,andeachcoursewhichheattendsgiveshimacreditwhichhemaycounttowardsadegree.InmanyAmericanuniversitiesthetotalworkforadegreeconsistsofthirty-sixcourseseachlastingforonesemester.Atypicalcourseconsistsofthreeclassesperweekforfifteenweeks;whileattendingauniversityastudentwillprobablyattendfourorfivecoursesduringeachsemester.Normallyastudentwouldexpecttotakefouryearsattendingtwosemesterseachyear.Itispossibletospreadtheperiodofworkforthedegreeoveralongerperiod.Itisalsopossibleforastudenttomovebetweenoneuniversityandanotherduringhisdegreecourse,thoughthisisnotinfactdoneasaregularpractice.

Foreverycoursethathefollowsastudentisgivenagrade,whichisrecorded,andtherecordisavailableforthestudenttoshowtoprospectiveemployers.Allthisimposesaconstantpressureandstrainofwork,butinspiteofthissomestudentsstillfindtimeforgreatactivityinstudentaffairs.Electionstopositionsinstudentorganizationsarousemuchenthusiasm.Theeffectiveworkofmaintainingdisciplineisusuallyperformedbystudentswhoadvisetheacademicauthorities.Anystudentwhoisthoughttohavebrokentherules,forexample,bycheatinghastoappearbeforeastudentcourt.Withtheenormousnumbersofstudents,theoperationofthesystemdoesinvolveacertainamountofactivity.Astudentwhohasheldoneofthesepositionsofauthorityismuchrespectedanditwillbeofbenefittohimlaterinhiscareer.

26.Normallyastudentwouldatleastattend__________classeseachweek.

A）36

B）12

C）20

D）15

27.AccordingtothefirstparagraphanAmericanstudentisallowed_______.

A）toliveinadifferentuniversity

B）totakeaparticularcourseinadifferentuniversity

C）toliveathomeanddrivetoclasses

D）togettwodegreesfromtwodifferentuniversities

28.Americanuniversitystudentsareusuallyunderpressureofworkbecause_________.

A）theiracademicperformancewillaffecttheirfuturecareers

B）theyareheavilyinvolvedinstudentaffairs

C）theyhavetoobserveuniversitydiscipline

D）theywanttorunforpositionsofauthority

29.Somestudentsareenthusiasticforpositionsinstudentorganizationsprobablybecause_________.

A）theyhatetheconstantpressureandstrainoftheirstudy

B）theywillthenbeabletostaylongerintheuniversity

C）suchpositionshelpthemgetbetterjobs

D）suchpositionsareusuallywellpaid

30.Thestudentorganizationsseemtobeeffectivein_________.

A）dealingwiththeacademicaffairsoftheuniversity

B）ensuringthatthestudentsobserveuniversityregulations

C）evaluatingstudents’performancebybringingthembeforeacourt

D）keepingupthestudents’enthusiasmforsocialactivities

PassageThree

DoreenSykoraisnowajunioratMcgillUniversity.Shehadadifficulttimewhenshefirstbegancollege.Shesaid,“Iwasalwayswellpreparedformyexaminations.ButIwouldgointoclasstotaketheexam,andIwouldfallapart.Icouldnotanswerthequestionscorrectly-----eventhoughIknewtheanswers!

Iwouldjustblankoutbecauseofnervousnessandfear.”HitoshiSakamoto,ananthropologystudentatTempleUniversityinTokyoreportssimilarexperiences.

Thesetwoyoungstudentswereexperiencingsomethingcalledtestanxiety.Becauseastudentworriesandisstressedaboutatest,hisorherminddoesnotworkaswellasitusuallydoes.Thestudentcannotwriteorthinkclearlybecauseoftheseveretensionandnervousness.

Nowtherearespecialuniversitycoursestohelpstudents.Inthesecourses,advisorsandpsychologiststrytohelpstudentsbyteachingthemtomanagetestanxiety.Suchacoursehelpsstudentslearntolivewithstressandnotfailbecauseofit.Firststudentstakeapracticetesttomeasuretheirworrylevel.Ifthetestsshowthattheirstresslevelishigh,thestudentscantakeashortcoursetomanagethefear.Thesecoursesteachstudentshowtorelaxtheirbodies.Theygettrainingtobecomecalminverytensesituations.Bycontrollingtheirnervousness,theycanlettheirmindsworkmoreeasily.Learnedinformationthencomesoutwithoutdifficultyonatest.

DoreenSykorasawimmediateresultsaftertakingsuchacourse.Shenowhasenthusiasmabouttherelaxationmethods.“Mostly,whatIdoisimaginemyselfinaverycalmplace.ThenIimaginemyselfpickingupapencil.Imoveslowlyandcarefully.Ibreatheeasilyandletallthetensionout.Witheachbreath,moreworryleavesme.Itreallyworkstoo.Mygradeshaveimprovedgreatly!

I’mreallydoingwellatMcGillnow.Thisrelaxationmethodworksnotonlyonexaminations,butithasimprovedtherestofmylifeaswell.”

ForHitoshiinTokyo,theresultsweremuchthesame.Heisenjoyingschoolalotmoreandlearningmore.

31.DoreenSykoraandHitoshiSakamotowerefilledwithnervousnessandfearduringexaminationsbecausetheywere__________.

A）notreadyandunawareoftheanswers

B）physicallysoweakthattheyfellapart

C）subjecttotestanxiety

D）unabletowriteorthinkclearly

32.Thehigherthestudents’worrylevelis,__________.

A）thelesscalmandrelaxingtheyare

B）themoredifficulttheywillbetrainedtomanagefear

C）themorestressedandtensetheyare

D）thelongercoursestheywilltaketomanagefear

33.What’sthepurposeofsomespecialuniversitystudent-helpcourses?

A）Tohelpstudentstoreducetestanxiety.

B）Toshowastresslevelexperiencedbystudents.

C）Tolearnmoreknowledgeabouttestanxiety.

D）Tohaveabetterunderstandingoftestanxiety.

34.What’sthemeaningof“blankout”inpar