美国文学重点和归纳.docx

美国文学重点和归纳.docx

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美国文学重点和归纳

美国文学重点和归纳

TheAmericanCharacter

Practical,Religious,WorkEthic,TheAmericanDream.FreedomandlibertyPurity

Faithfulness.optimism.Idealist.Practicalandhardworking

Enthusiasminandcallforbusinessinvestment

Enthusiasmincharity-work

RespectforEducation

thepuritanbeliefs

ColonialAmericanliterature

ThefirstAmericanwriterCaptainJohnSmith

Generalfeatures

Typesofwriting:

diaries,histories,lettersetc.

Content:

servingeitherGodorcolonialexpansionorboth

Form:

imitatingEnglishliterarytraditions

AnneBradstreet

ThefirstAmericanfemalepoet

APuritanpoet,“TenthMuse”

“Contemplations”《沉思录》

Theliteratureofreasonandrevolution

BenjaminFranklin

Jackofalltrades,SpokesmanofEnlightenment,

Autobiography《自传》PoorRichard’sAlmanac《穷理查德历书》

EdwardsandFranklinmadethewholeofatruepuritan,anAmerica

ThomasPaine

AmericanCrisis

Thesearethetimesthattrymen’ssouls:

thesummersoldierandthesunshinepatriotwillinthiscrisis,shrinkfromtheserviceoftheircountry;buthethatstandsitnow,deservestheloveandthanksofmanandwoman.Tyranny,likehell,isnoteasilyconquered;yetwehavethisconsolationwithus,thatthehardertheconflict,themoregloriousthetriumph.CommonSense常识

ThomasJefferson

TheDeclarationofIndependence1976/7/4

Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallMenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthePursuitofHappiness,--ThattosecuretheirRights,GovernmentsareinstitutedamongMen,derivingtheirjustPowersfromtheConsentoftheGoverned,--ThatwheneveranyFormofgovernmentbecomesdestructiveoftheseEnds,itistheRightsofthePeopletoalterortoabolishit,andtoinstitutenewGovernment,layingitsFoundation

onsuchPrinciples,andorganizingitsPowersinsuchForm,astothemshallseemmostlikelytoeffecttheirSafetyandHappiness.

PhilipFreneaufatherofanpoetry

AmericanRomanticism

WashingtonIrving

fatherofAmericanliteraturefatherofAmericanshortstory

ThesketchBook见闻札记

TalesofaTraveller（firstininstallmentinAmerica,markedthebeginningofAmericanRomanticism）

RipVanWinkle,TheLegendoftheSleepyHollow睡谷的传说

JamesFenimoreCooper

HecreatedamythabouttheformativeperiodoftheAmericannation.TheAmericanWalterHollow.ThefirstimportantAmericannovelist.

ThePilot

TheLeatherstockingTales皮袜子故事集

theDeerslayer杀鹿者

ThelastoftheMohicans最后的莫西干人

EdgarAllenPoe

fatherofmodernshortstoryfatherofdetectivestoryfatherofpsychoanalyticcriticismAnnabellee

ThefalloftheHouseofUsher

Duringthewholeofadull,dark,andsoundlessdayintheautumnoftheyear,whenthecloudshungoppressivelylowintheheavens,Ihadbeenpassingalone,onhorseback,throughasingularlydrearytractofcountry;andatlengthfoundmyself,astheshadesoftheeveningdrewon,withinviewofthemelancholyHouseofUsher.

Hadputforth,atnoperiod,anyenduringbranch;inotherwords,thattheentirefamilylayinthedirectlineofdescentandhadalways,withverytriflingandverytemporaryvariation,solain.

RalphWaldoEmerson

responsibleforbringingTranscendentalism

RalphWaldoEmerson=ThechiefspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism超验主义

HewasadescendentofalonglineofNewEnglandclergymen牧师【pastor】.

TheAmericanScholarSpiritTheDivinitySchoolAddressRepresentativeMenEnglishTraits

Nature

Ifthestarsshouldappearonenightinathousandyears,howwouldmenbelieveand

adore;andpreserveformanygenerationstheremembranceofthecityofGodwhichhadbeenshown!

Buteverynightcomeouttherepreachersofbeauty,andlighttheuniversewiththeiradmonishingsmile.

ThoreauWalden

notonlyfullydemonstratesEmersonianideasofself-reliancebutalsodevelopsandtestsThoreau’sowntranscendentalphilosophy.

Walden

acollectionofnatureessays

agreatTranscendentalistwork

abookaboutman,whatheis,andwhatheshouldbeandmustbe.

fullofideasexpressedtopersuadehisneighborsoutoftheircomplacency

Politicalviews:

disapprovedofslavery,condemnthegovernment’sconductofthe

MexicanWar.

NathanielHawthorne

TheScarletLettertheBlithedaleRomance,MossesfromanOldManse,TheMarbleFaun

HermanMelvilie

TypeeModyDick

ThethreegreatAmericanauthorsofthelastcenturywhohadnocontemporaryreadersandyetbecamegreatinthiscentury:

Thoreau

HermanMelville

EmilyDickinson

Theliteratureofrealism

1861-1865thecivilwar

WaltWhitmanLeavesofGrassepicpoemSongofmyself

EmilyDickinsonthegreatestwomanwriteroftheage

HarrietBeecherStowetheauthorofuncleTom'scabin.

AnAmericaninstitutionandthemostfamousliterarywomanintheworld

WilliamDeanHowells浪漫主义第一人

FatherofAmericanrealisminliterature

EditoroftheAtlanticMonthly

ThefirstpresidentofAmericanLiteratureandArtsAssociation

TheRiseofSilasLapham,1885《塞拉斯拉帕姆的发迹》

AModernInstance,1882《现代婚姻》

AHazardofNewFortunes,1890《新财富的危机》

HenryJames

Awriterwhonotonlybridgedthe19thand20thcenturiesbutconnectedAmericaandEurope.

DaisyMiller,ThePortraitofaLadytheAmerican

MarkTwain原名：

SamuelLanghorneClemens美国真正作家之一

TheAdventuresofTomSawyer

O.Henry

PseudonymofWilliamSidneyPorter

“TheGiftoftheMagi""TheCopandtheAnthem“Soapy"AMunicipalReport"

Collections：

TheFourMillion,1906HeartoftheWest,1910

Naturalism

JackLondon

beforeLondon,thefictionsareallforgirl'ssake

ADaughteroftheSnows

TheCalloftheWild（1903）（anall-timebest-seller）

TheSea-Wolf（1904）WhiteFang（1906）

TheIronHeel（1908）MartinEden（1909）

TheodoreDreiser

ThepredominantnaturalisticnovelistfromaGerman-speakingfamily

SisterCarrieAnAmericanTragedyJanineGerhardtTrilogyofDesire

TheFinancierTheTitanTheStoic

TheTwentieth-CenturyLiterature

EugeneO'Neill

Americandramadevelopedintoaformofliterature

theDesireUndertheElmtheEmperorJones

AnnaChristietheHairyApe

TennesseeWilliams

theStreetcarNamedDesire欲望阶车

EzrapoundTheCantos

EdwinArlingtonRobinson

oneofthemostproductiveofthenewpoets

thehouseonthehill.RichardCory.Minivercheery

RobertFrost

“ThefatherofAmericanmodernpoetry”Thenationalbard

Thenation’sunofficialPoetLaureate

NorthofBoston《波士顿以北》MountainInterval《山间》

NewHampshire《新罕普什尔》WestRunningBrook《西流的溪涧》

AFurtherRange《又一片牧场》AWitnessTree《一棵见证的树》

“TheRoadNotTaken”“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening”

“TheWoodPile”“Design””MendingWall“

ErnestHemingway

Thelostgeneration,Atoughguy

Hemingwayhero:

AdespairingcourageGraceunderpressureTheSunAlsoRises（spokesmanofTheLostGeneration）

AFarewelltoArms1928（atragicstoryaboutwarandlove）（Heroandheroine:

FredericHenryandCatherineBarkley）

ForWhomtheBellTolls1940（Spanishcivilwar）

InOurTime

“Nomanisanisland.”

TheOldManandtheSea

Caquitespecialnovelinallhisnovels..theme:

theimportanceoflifeliesintheprocessofsearchingandresistance

TheTorrentsoftheSpring《春潮》WinnerTakeNothing《胜者无所得》

DeathintheAfternoon《午后之死》GreenHillsofAfrica《非洲的青山》

ToHaveandHaveNot《富有与贫穷》TheFifthColumn《第五纵队》

AcrosstheRiverandintotheTrees《过河入林》

FrancisScottFitzgerald

TheevaporationoftheAmericanDream

TheJazzAge

TheLostGeneration

TheGreatGatsby

JosephHeller

Catch-22（AbsurdistthemeBlackHumor）

WilliamFaulkner

FatherofAmericanmodernnovel

agreatplotweaver

ThegreatestwriteroffictionthattheUShasyetproduced

LiterarySceneintheSouth

ARoseforEmilyTheSoundandtheFury《喧嚣与愤怒》

GoDown,Moses《去吧，摩西》Absalom!

Absalom!

《押沙龙！

押沙龙！

》

Sanctuary《圣殿》LightinAugust《八月之光》

AsILayDying《在我弥留之际》

JohnSteinbecktheGrapesofWrath

WhatisPuritanism?

Acodeofvalues,aphilosophyoflife,apointofview,astateofmind,themostenduringinfluenceinAmericanthoughtandliterature,apartofthenationalatmosphere.

Autobiography

Astorythatapersonwritesabouthisorherownlifeiscalledanautobiography.Autobiographiesarewritteninfirst-personpointofview,andbiographies,third-personpointofview.

Realism

Atimeofdisillusionmentandlossofhope-aliteraryrevulsionagainstthefalseimaginationandsentimentalityofRomanticism.

Naturalism：

Naturalistpointofview:

toachieveextremeobjectivityandfranknessCeverythingisdeterminedbyenvironmentandheredity.

Imagism

Toexpressthemomentaryimpressionthroughtheuseofonedominantimage.

TheLostGeneration（ErnestHemingway，pound,Fitzgerald）

wasagroupofrebelliousyouthappearedinAmericaaftertheFirstWorldWar.

Romanticism

isacomplexartistic,literary,andintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinthesecondhalfofthe18thcenturyinWesternEurope,andgainedstrengthduringtheIndustrialResolution.

AmericanTranscendentalism

Asaphilosophicalandliterarymovement,AmericanTranscendentalism（alsoknownas“AmericanRenaissance”）flourshedinNewEnglandfromthe1830stotheCivilWar.ItisthehightideofAmericanromanticismanditsdoctrinesfoundtheirgreatestliteraryadvocatesinEmersonandThoreau.TranscendentalistsspokefortheculturalrejuvenationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety.

①TheTranscendentalistsplacedemphasisonspirit,ortheOversoul,asthemostimportantthingintheuniverse.思想超灵宇宙

②TheTranscendentalistsstressedtheimportanceoftheindividual.Tothem,thein