英美文学考点美国文学部分.docx

英美文学考点美国文学部分.docx

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英美文学考点美国文学部分

.美国文学部分

浪漫主义时期TheRomanticPeriod

第一位：

washingtonirving

1.AHistoryofNewYorkfromtheBeginningoftheWorldtotheEndoftheDutchDynasty,whichwrittenunderthenameofDiedrichKnickerbocker,wasagreatsuccess.

2.TheSketchBookwonainternationalfameonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.

3.“RipVanWinkle”and“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”gotideasformGermanlegends.

4.theBracebrigeHallandTalesofaTraveler.

5.theAlhambraisusuallyregardedasIrving’s“SpanishSkethchBook”.Onlybecauseithasastrongflavorofspanishculture.

6.Iring’stastewasessentiallyconservative.

7.washingIving’shasalwaysbeenregardedasawriterwhoperfectedthebestclassicsytlethatAmericanLiteratureeverproduced.

8.WashingIvingisworththehonorofbeing“theAmericanGoldsmith”forhisliterarycraftsmanship.

9.Irving’spervasivethemeofnostalgia怀旧的）fortheunrecoverablepastisatoncemadeunforgettable.

第二位：

Emerson

1.Transcendentalism---theromanticperiodinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.

2.thechiefspokesmanofthisspiritualmovementisRalphWaldoEmerson

3.transcendentalclub,theunofficialmanifestofortheclubisNature.

4.NaturedidnotestablishhimasanimportantAmericanwriter,hislastreputationbeganwiththepublicationofEssays,whichconveythebestofhisphilosophicaldiscussionsandtranscendentalpursuits.SuchasTheAmericanScholar,Self-Reliance,TheOver-Soul.

5.ThePoet,areflectionupontheaestheticproblemsofthepresentstateofAmericanliterature

6.TheExperience,adiscussionabouttheconflictbetweenidealismandordinarylife.

7.transcendentalism---withitsfocusontheintuitivekonwledgeofhumanbeingstograsptheabsoluteintheuniverseandthedivinityofman.Emersonputforwardhisphilosopyofover-soul,theimportanceofindividual,nature.

8.emersonandothertranscendentalistsbelievedthatthereshouldbeaemtotionalcomunicationbetweenaindividualsoulandtheuniversalover-soul.

9.a“transparenteyeball”marksaparadoxicalstateofbeing,inwhichoneismergedintonature,theover-soul.Whileatthesametimeretainingauniqueperceptionofexperience.

10.emerson’sessaysoftenhaveacasualstyle,formostofthemwerederivedfromhisjournalsandlectures.

11.堪称“theAmericanScolar”

12.intheessayEmersonclearlyexpressesthemainpriciplesofhistranscendentalistpursuitandhislovefornature.

第三位：

Hawthorne

1.Hawthorneremainsoneofthemostinteresting,yetmostambivalent（矛盾情感）writersintheAmericanliteraryhistory.

2.TheTwice-ToldTales,acollectionofshortstorieswhichattractedcriticalattention.

3.TheMossesofanOldManse,Snow-ImageandotherTwice-ToldTalesbestdemonstrateHawthorne’searlyobsessionswiththemoralandphycologicalconsequencesofpride,selfishnessandsecretguiltthatmanifestthemselvesinhumanbeings.

4.TheScarletLetteroftenregardedasthebestofhisworks,tellsasimplybutverymovingstoryinwhich4peoplelivinginaPuritanCommunityareinvolvedinandaffectedbythesinofadulteryindifferentways.

5.TheHouseoftheSevenGables

6.TheBlithedaleRomance（福谷传奇）isanovelhewrotetorevealhisownexperiencesontheBrookFarmandhisownmethodsasapsychologicalnovelist.

7.TheMableFaun（玉石雕像）setinItaly,thebookisconcernedaboutthedarkaberrations（失常方面）ofhumanspirit.

8.TheBirthmark

9.TheYoungGoodmanBrown–everyonepossessesevilsecret

10.TheMinister’sDarkVeil

11.TheRappaccini’sDaughter

12.Hawthorne’sviewofman,humanhistoryoriginates,toagreatextent,inPuritanism

13.TheHouseoftheSevenGablesandTheScarletLetter反清教思想，同时反清教思想ontheonehand,itprovideshimwithasubject,ontheotherhand,withthePuritanworldandsocietyasahistoricalbackground,hedisscussessomeofthemostimprotantissuesthatconcernthemorallifeofmanandhumansociety.

14.thestructureandformofhiswritingsisalwayscarefullyworkedouttocaterforthethematicconcern.（精心设计的）

15.allegorist预言家symbolist

第四位：

waltwhitman

1.LeavesofGrassisWhitman’srepresentativework,体现了Americandemocraticideals反映了AmericanIndependentWarandCivalWar.

2.LeavesofGrasshasnineeditions.Inthisgiantwork,openness,freedom,individualismareallthatconcernedhim.Hisaimwasnothinglessthantoexpresssomenewpoeticfeelingsandtoinitiatepoetictraditoninwhichdifferenceshouldberecognized.

3.thepoet’sessentialpurposewastoindentifyhisegowiththeworldandmorespecificallywiththedemocratic“en-masse”oftheAmerica,whichisestablishedintheopenninglinesofthe“SongofMyself”

4.mostofpoemsinLeavesofGrasssingofthe“en-masse”andtheselfaswell.

5.politicallycommitted政治抒情诗suchasDumpTaps

6.CavalryCrossingaFord,Whitmanexpressedmuchmouringforthesufferingsoftheyounglivesinthebattlefieldandshowedadeterminationtocarryonfightinguntilthefinalvictory.

7.whenLilacsLastintheDooryardBloom’dmournfulasthesepoemsare,areadercandetectathintraceofecstasyforthevictoryoftheprogress.

8.Whitman’spoteticstyleismarkedbytheuseofthepoetic”Ⅰ”

9.freeverse,thatis,poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme.

10.parallelismandphoneticrecurrenceatthebeginningofthelinesarecontributetothemusicalityofhispoems.

11.oneofthemostoften-usedmethodsinhispoemsistomakecolorsandimagesfleetpastthemind’seyeofthereaders.

第五位HermanMelville

1.Moby-Dickishismasterpiece.

2.BillyBudd,hissecondfamouswork

3.Melville’swritingscanbedividedintotwogroups,eachwithsomethingincommoninthelightofthethematicconcernandimginativefocus.

4.Typee,Omoo,Mardiwhichdrewfromhisadventuresamongthepeopleofthesouthpacificisland.Redburnisasemi-autobiographicalnovel,conceriningthesufferingsofagenteelyouthamongthebrutalsailors.WhitejacketrelateshislifeontheUnitedStatesofman-of–war.

5.pierre作者本意是想发动妇女文学革命，但却遭到强烈反对，结果名声下降。

6.Bartleby,theScrivenr,ashortstorysymbolizingtheloninessandanonymityandpassivityofalittlemaninthebigcity.BenitoCereno,anovellaaboutashipwhoseblackslavecargomunityholdstheircaptainaterrorizedhostage.TheConfidence-Man,exploretheparadoxesofbeliefandtheoptimismsandhypocrisiesofAmericanlife.

7.BillyBudd,whichagaindealswiththeseaandsailors,andthethemeoftheconflicebetwweninnocenceandcorruption.

8.Moby-DickisregardedasthefirstAmericanproseepic.

9.有关人物和文章主题意思请细看教科书。

第二部分

现实主义时期TheRealisticPeriod

1.Theperiodofrangingfrom1865to1914hasbeenreferredtoastheageofrealismintheliteraryhistoryoftheUnitedStates.

2.Realismwasareactionagainsttheromanticismoramoveawayfromthebiasandtowardsromanceandself-creatingfictions,andpavedthewayformodernism.

3.MarkTwainreferredtoastheGildedAge.

4.WilliamDeanHowellsCriticismandFiction.HeconfessIdonotcaretojudgeanyworkoftheimaginationwithoutfirstapplyingthistesttoit.

5.ThethreeprominentwritersoftheperiodareWilliamDeanHowells,MarkTwain,HenryJames.

6.theyapproachedtheharshrealitiesandpressuresinthepost-civalWarsocietyeitherbyacomprehensivepictureofmodernlifeinitsvariousoccupations,classstratificationsandmanners,orbyapsycologicalexplorationofman’ssubconsciousness.

7.Toughthethreeprominentwriterswrotemoreorlessatthesametime,theydifferedintheirunderstandingofthe“truth”.MarkTwainandHowellspaidmoreattentiontothe“life”oftheAmericans.HenryJameshadapparentlylaidagreateremphasisontheinnnerworldofman.Howellsfocusedhisdiscussionontherisingmiddleclassandthewaytheylived.MarkTwainpreferredtohavehisownregionandpeopleattheforfrontofhisstories.Thisparticularconcernaboutthelocalcharacterofaregioncameaboutasthelocalcolorism,auniquevariationofAmericanliteraryrealism.

8.除了MarkTwain,theotherlocalcoloristsmayincludeSarahOrneJewett,HamlinGarland,JosephKirkland.

9.Generally,theirwrithingsareconcernedwiththelifeofasmallandwell-definedregionorprovince.Thecharacteristicsettingistheisolatedsmalltown.Localcoloristsareconsciouslynostalgichistoriansofavanishingwayoflife,recordersofapresentthatfadedbeforetheireyes.Yetforalltheirsentimentality,theydedicatedthemselvestomiutelyaccuratedesciptionsofthelifeoftheirregions.

10.达尔文进化论对美国思想的影响和19世纪法国文学对美国的影响，产生了otherschoolofrealism,Americannaturalism.Darwin,inhisTheOriginofSpecies,DescentofManhypothesizedthatoverthemillenniamanhadevolvedfromthelowerwayoflife.

11.Inaword,naturalismisevolvedfromtherealismwhentheauthor’stunebecomelessseriousandlesssympotheticbutmoreironicandpessimistic.Itisnomorethanadifferentphilosophicalapproachtoreality,ortohumanexsistence.

第一位MarkTwain

第二位HenryJames

1、HenryJameswasthefirstAmericanwritertoconceivehiscareerininternationaltheme.

2、WilliamJames,whomadegreatcontributiontothetheoryofstream-of-consciousnesstechnique.

3、ThematerialisticbentoftheAmericanlifeanditslackofcultureandsophistication,bebelieved,couldnotprovidehimwithenoughmaterialsforgreatliteraryworks.

4、1915.hebecameanaturalizedBritishcitizen.TheorderofMerit

5、itishisnovelsandliteraryessaysthatmakehimafascinatingcaseintheAmericanliteraryhistoryandaconspicuousfigureinworldliterature.

6、TheliterarycareerofHenryJamesisgenerallydividedinto3periods.Inthefirsrperiod,Jamestookgreatinterestininternationalthemes.Inalm