托福历年词汇真题 第二部分.docx

托福历年词汇真题 第二部分.docx

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托福历年词汇真题第二部分

托福历年词汇真题第二部分

101.TherangeoftheNewYorkcanalsystemwasstillfurtherextendedwhenthestatesofOhioandIndiana,inspiredbythesuccessoftheErieCanal,providedwaterconnectionsbetweenLakeErieandtheOhioRiver.

Theword"extended"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）increased

（B）constructed

（C）deepened

（D）measured

102.TheanswerlayinaresourcethatunknowingAmericanshadtrampledunderfootintheirhastetocrossthe"GreatAmericanDesert"toreachlandsthatsometimesprovedbarren.IntheeasternpartsoftheUnitedStates,thepreferredgrassforforagewasacultivatedplant.

Theword"barren"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）lonely

（B）dangerous

（C）uncomfortable

（D）infertile

103.IntheeasternpartsoftheUnitedStates,thepreferredgrassforforagewasacultivatedplant.Itgrewwellwithenoughrain,thenwhencutandstoreditwouldcureandbecomenourishinghayforwinterfeed.

Theword"preferred"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）ordinary

（B）available

（C）required

（D）favored

104.Theywerenotjuicylikethecultivatedeasterngrasses,buthadshort,hardstems.

Theword"hard"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）firm

（B）severe

（C）difficult

（D）bitter

105.Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.

Theword"divergence"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）description

（B）development

（C）difference

（D）display

106.NewEnglandstillfavoredwood,thoughbrickhousesbecamecommoninBostonandothertowns,wherethedangeroffiregaveanimpetustotheuseofmoredurablematerial.AfewhousesinNewEnglandwerebuiltofstone,butonlyinPennsylvaniaandadjacentareaswasstonewidelyusedindwellings.

Theword"durable"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）attractive

（B）expensive

（C）refined

（D）long-lasting

Theword"dwelling"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）houses

（B）towns

（C）outbuildings

（D）ruralareas

107.Doorwayswerelargerandmoredecorative.Fireplacesbecamedecorativefeaturesofrooms.Wallsweremadeofplasterorwood,sometimeselaboratelypaneled.

Theword"elaborately"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）doneingreatdetail

（B）puttogethercarefully

（C）usingmanycolors

（D）reinforcedstructurally

108.Whereasschoolinghasacertainpredictability,educationquiteoftenproducessurprises.Achanceconversationwithstrangermayleadapersontodiscoverhowlittleisknownofotherreligions.Peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancyon.

Theword"chance"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）unplanned

（B）unusual

（C）lengthy

（D）lively

109.Education,then,isaverybroad,inclusiveterm.Itisshouldbeanintegralpartofone'sentirelife.

Theword"integral"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）anequitable

（B）aprofitable

（C）apleasant

（D）anessential

110.Forexample,theedgeofthePacificOceanhasbeencalledthe"RingofFire"becausesomanyvolcaniceruptionsandearthquakeshappenthere.Beforethe1960's,geologistscouldnotexplainwhyactivevolcanoesandstrongearthquakeswereconcentratedinthatregion.

Theword"concentrated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）allowed

（B）clustered

（C）exploded

（D）strengthened

111.IntheUnitedStatesintheearly1800's,individualstategovernmentshadmoreeffectontheeconomythandidthefederalgovernment.Statescharteredmanufacturing,banking,mining,andtransportationfirmsandparticipatedintheconstructionofvariousinternalimprovementssuchascanals,turnpikes,andrailroads.

Theword"effect"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）value

（B）argument

（C）influence

（D）restraint

112.Thestatesencouragedinternalimprovementsintwodistinctways:

first,byactuallyestablishingstatecompaniestobuildsuchimprovements;second,byprovidingpartofthecapitalformixedpublic-privatecompaniessettingouttomakeaprofit.

Theword"distinct"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）separate

（B）innovative

（C）alarming

（D）provocative

113.Finally,stategovernmentsexperimentedwithdirectlaborandbusinessregulationdesignedtohelptheindividuallaborerorconsumer,includingsettingmaximumlimitsonhoursofworkandrestrictionsonprice-fixingbybusinesses.

Theword"setting"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）discussing

（B）analyzing

（C）establishing

（D）avoiding

114.Althoughthestatesdominatedeconomicactivityduringthisperiod,thefederalgovernmentwasnotinactive.Itsgoalswerethefacilitationofwesternsettlementandthedevelopmentofnativeindustries.Towardtheseendsthefederalgovernmentpursuedseveralcoursesofaction.

Theword"ends"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）benefits

（B）decisions

（C）services

（D）goals

115.Whatformsoflifewereabletomakesuchadrasticchangeinlifestyle?

Thetraditionalviewofthefirstterrestrialorganismsisbasedonmegafossils-relativelylargespecimensofessentiallywholeplantsandanimals.

Theword"drastic"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）widespread

（B）radical

（C）progressive

（D）risky

116.Itturnsoutthatsomefossilscanbeextractedfromthesesedimentsbyputtingtherocksinanacidbath.Thetechniquehasuncoverednewevidencefromsedimentsthatweredepositedneartheshoresoftheancientoceans-plantmicrofossilsandmicroscopicpiecesofsmallanimals.

Theword"extracted"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）located

（B）preserved

（C）removed

（D）studied

117.Thetechniquehasuncoverednewevidencefromsedimentsthatweredepositedneartheshoresoftheancientoceans-plantmicrofossilsandmicroscopicpiecesofsmallanimals.Inmanyinstancesthespecimensarelessthanone-tenthofamillimeterindiameter.

Theword"instances"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）methods

（B）processes

（C）cases

（D）reasons

118.Inmanyinstancesthespecimensarelessthanone-tenthofamillimeterindiameter.Althoughtheywereentombedintherocksforhundredsofmillionsofyears,manyofthefossilsconsistoftheorganicremainsoftheorganism.

Theword"entombed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）crushed

（B）trapped

（C）produced

（D）excavated

119.Citizensofprosperous,essentiallymiddle-classrepublics---whetherancientRomans,seventeenth-centuryDutchburghers,ornineteenth-centuryAmericans---havealwaysshownamarkedtasteforportraiture.

Theword"marked"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）pronounced

（B）fortunate

（C）understandable

（D）mysterious

120.In1839thedaguerreotypewasintroducedtoAmerica,usheringintheageofphotography,andwithinagenerationthenewinventionputanendtothepopularityofpaintedportraits.Onceagainanoriginalportraitbecamealuxury,commissionedbythewealthyandexecutedbytheprofessional.

Thephrase"usheringin"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）beginning

（B）demanding

（C）publishing

（D）increasing

Theword"executed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）sold

（B）requested

（C）admired

（D）created

121.Localcraftspeople-sign,coach,andhousepainters-begantopaintportraitsasaprofitablesideline;sometimesatalentedmanorwomanwhobeganbysketchingfamilymembersgainedalocalreputationandwasbesiegedwithrequestsforportraits;artistsfounditworththeirwhiletopacktheirpaints,canvases,andbrushesandtotravelthecountryside,oftencombininghousedecoratingwithportraitpainting.

Theword"sketching"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）drawing

（B）hiring

（C）helping

（D）discussing

122.BoththenumberandthepercentageofpeopleintheUnitedStatesinvolvedinnonagriculturalpursuitsexpandedrapidlyduringthehalfcenturyfollowingtheCivilWar,withsomeofthemostdramaticincreasesoccurringinthedomainsoftransportation,manufacturing,andtradeanddistribution.

Theword"domains"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）fields

（B）locations

（C）organizations

（D）occupations

123.Thedevelopmentoftherailroadandtelegraphsystemsduringthemiddlethirdofthenineteenthcenturyledtosignificantimprovementsinthespeed,volume,andregularityofshipmentsandcommunications,makingpossibleafundamentaltransformationintheproductionanddistributionofgoods.

Theword"fundamental"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）possible

（B）basic

（C）gradual

（D）unique

124.Tobesure,therewerestillsmallworkshops,whereskilledcraftspeoplemanufacturedproductsrangingfromnewspaperstocabinetstoplumbingfixtures.

Theword"skilled"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）hardworking

（B）expert

（C）well-paid

（D）industrial

125.Andtherewerefactoriesinoccupationssuchasmetalworkwhereindividualcontractorspresidedoverwhatwereessentiallyhandicraftproprietorshipsthatcoexistedwithinasinglebuilding.

Thewords"presidedover"inline20areclosestinmeaningto

（A）managed

（B）ledto

（C）workedin

（D）produced

126.Objectsintheuniverseshowavarietyofshapes:

roundplanets（somewithrings）,tailedcomets,wispycosmicgasanddustclouds,ringednebulae,pinwheel-shapedspiralgalaxies,andsoon.Butnoneoftheshapesonthislistdescribesthelargestsingleentitiesintheuniverse.

Theword"entities"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）factors

（B）processes

（C）objects

（D）