大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案完整版.docx

大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案完整版.docx

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大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案完整版

Unit1A

Keyconcepts

reservation:

谦逊的coldness:

冷静的modesty：

谦虚的

humor：

幽默的sportsmanship：

运动员精神

Q1、whatisareservedpersonlike?

Answer:

Areservedpersonisonewhodoesnottalkverymuchtostrangers,doesnotshowmuchemotion,andseldomgetsexcited.

Q2、whatisthecharacteroftheEnglishmen?

Answer:

reserved、humor、modesty、cold、sportsmanship.

Q3、whatissportsmanship?

Answer:

sportsmanshipistheabilitytopracticeasportaccordingtoitsrules,whilealsoshowinggenerositytoone’sopponentandgoodtemperindefeat.

Casestudy

Q、WhatmadetheBritishfeelquiteunhappyinthissituation?

Answer:

TheloudspeakingandspeakingtheirnativelanguagemadethereservedBritishfeelquiteunhappy.TheEnglishmanisreserved,hedoesn’tshowmuchemotionandseldomgetsexcited.

Unit1B

Keyconcepts

thepioneeringspirit创业精神tryingsomethingnew探索精神

equality平等nationaloptimism民族乐观

freedom自由theDeclarationofIndependence独立宣言rags-to-richer白手起家socialmobility社会流动性Americandream美国梦

Comprehensionquestions

1.Can you summarize the character of Americans?

Thecharacters of Americansarethe pioneeringspirit,tryingsomethingnewandbeingeagertoequalityandfreedom.TheAmericaniscompetitive,friendly,spontaneous,adaptable,efficient,energetic,andkindhearted.

2.In what sense is the pioneering spirit still an important part of the American character?

1）.Exceptfortheslaves,immigrantscametoAmericavoluntarilyinsearchofgreaterprosperityandfreedom.（para3）

2）.Inthemid-nineteenthcentury,thepioneeringspiritledAmericansettlerstotravelwestwardinsearchoflandandgold.（para4）

3）.Thedesiretostartanewlifeinanewplaceisnoticeablethroughoutthenation.ManyAmericanschangeresidenceseveryyear.（para5）

4）.Americanswhodon’tchangeresidencearealsoonthemove—travelingbyairorautotoseetheirowncountryortovisitothers.TheneedtoexploreanewfrontierisbasictotheAmericancharacter.（para7）

3.WhatistheAmericanDream?

WhatisitsimpactontheAmericancharacter?

TheAmericanDreamisthebeliefthatanyindividual,nomatterhowpoor,canachievewealthandfamethroughdiligenceandvirtue.

Impact:

Americansareoptimisticandadventurous.ThetypicalAmericanbelievedintryingsomethingnewinanattempttomakelifebetter.Hehadafirmfaithinthepossibilityofprogress.EverydayineverywayIamgettingbetterandbetter.

4.What are the basic rootsofAmerican character?

The basic rootsofAmerican characterarethepioneeringspirit,thelibertyspiritandtheequalityspirit.

Casestudy

Q;Why did the American feel uncomfortable?

 Please give him suggestions on how to get along with English people.

TheAmericandidsomethingthathethoughtisfriendly,buttheEnglishseemedquiteunfriendlytohim,sohefeltuncomfortable.

Americanisabitcasual,optimisticandoutgoing.Hecalledthefirstnamesandtouchedthepeopleontheshoulder.

But,Englisharereservedandconservative.Theydislikephysicaltouchanddisliketoshowmuchemotion.It’salsonotpolitetocallthefirstnames.

Suggestions:

1.OnthewholeBritishhabitsofpolitenessareveryinformal.Allpolitenessisbasedontheelementaryruleofshowingconsiderationforothers,andacknowledgingtheconsiderationtheyshowtoyou.

2.ConversationinBritainisingeneralquietandrestrainedandloudspeechisconsideredill-bred.

PassageCTheChineseCharacter

ComprehensionQuestions

1.Apartfromfamily,whatareotherimportantunitsinChinesesociety?

Howdotheywork?

Clan.Aclanistheaggregateofkinship.Aclanmaycompriseawholevillageorsuburb,andcounties,provincesandstateareconglomeratesofavastnumberofvillagesandsuburbswithsuchclanpopulations.

GroupinglinkedbyfriendshipormarriageisalsoanotherimportantunitinChinesesociety.Adistrictmayhaveallitsgroupingssoassociatedtogether,andthisformsthebasisforcommonactioninanemergency.

2.WhyisChinaacountrywithhighlycomplicatedsocialrelationship?

Whataresupposedtobetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofit?

Chinesesocietyappearsasamassofcirclesorgroupingsratherthanstatusorlevels.Withineachcircleorgroupingthepeoplearerelatedinclanorcloserkinshipandoffercooperationandsuccortoeachother.Marriageandfriendshipcreatedlinkswithotherclansandgroupings.Therefore,adistrictmayhaveallitsgroupingssoassociatedtogether.So,thesocialrelationshipinChinaismorecloseandcomplicatedthanWesterncountries.

Suchkindisgoodforthesteadyofasocietyandpeacefullife,goodforgoverningbutnotgoodfordevelopment,foranynewideasandreformation.Itisaspersonalorientedsociety.Sometimesitiseasytodealwithsomething,butothertimesitmakesthingsmorecomplicatedandevenhinderthedevelopmentofasociety.Forexample,thecomplicatedsocialrelationbecomesabigbarrierfortheimplementationoflawandjustice.Itmaygiverisetotheunequalofchanceandresources....（afreeanswerquestion）

3.CanyoulistsomeofthecharacteristicsofthegeneralcharacteroftheChinesepeoplebasedonthetext.Trytogivethepossiblereasonsfortheformationofsuchcharacter.

Chinesepeoplearecompromising,patient,mediative,harmonious,obedient,passive,pacific,long-viewing,tolerant,filial,conservative,thrift,friendly,diligent,andsoon.Theytendtobeinlowprofile,hidetheirstrengthanddepreciatetheirsuccess.ThecharacterofChineseiscausedbymanyfactors.Fromthetext,weknowitscloselyrelatedtotheorganizationofChinesesociety.TheChinesesocietyisorganizedbyclansorfriendsofcloseassociation.Itisabigcircleofcomplicatedrelations.Tomaintainthesteadyofthecircle,suchkindsofcharacterareofsignificantimportance.

CaseStudy

Chinaisasocietyofcomplicatedsocialrelation.Friendisaveryimportantfactorinsociety.Chinesepeopletakecareofmaintainingfriendshipandtendtoavoiddirectconflictormakingotherloseface.Inthiscase,tomaintainthefaceofJimmy,IwouldnotmentiontheborrowedmoneyinthefaceofJimmy.ButJimmykeepingreminding"I"ofthemoneymade"I"feelquiteembarrassed,andabitangry."I"thoughtJimmywasnotfriendly.

Americaisasocietyadvocatesindividualismandtheirsocialrelationisquiteloose.Theythinkfriendisfriend,moneyismoney.What'smore,comparedwithChinesesociety,itisonewithlow-contextedculture,inwhichpeoplewouldputeverythinginwordsandsayitdirectly.Inthecase,Jimmyreminded"I"onceagainaboutthemoneylest"I"forgetaboutit.ToJimmy,itwasthefaultof"I"notmentioningabouttheborrowedmoneyearlier.So,when"I"askedaboutit,hesaid"Whydidn'tyouremindmeearlier?

"

What’smore,Americansdon’treadilygivemoneytoothers,whichwillmostlikelyrenderasenseofhumiliationaboutone’sabilitytoearnone’sownliving.Sointhiscase,Jimmyisabitannoyedfor“I”notremindhimtopaybacktheborrowedmoney.Hethoughtthathehadbeenlookeduponby“I”.

Unit2A

keyconcept:

FiveRelationshipsofConfucianism孔子的五伦思想humanism人道主义individualism个人主义collectivism集体主义individual'sright个人权利

1.AccordingtoConfucianism,whatarethefivecardinalrelationshipsinChinesesocietyandwhatshouldtheserelationshipsbe?

Fivecardinalrelationship:

ruler-minister,father-son,husband-wife,elder-youngerbrotherandfriendandfriend.Thiswasexplainedas“Thereshouldbeaffectionbetweenfatherandson,righteoussenseofdutybetweenrulerandminister,divisionoffunctionbetweenmanandwife,stratificationbetweenoldandyoung,andgoodfaithbetweenfriends.”

2.CanyoutellthemaininfluenceofConfucianismontheideologyofChinesepeople?

IntraditionalChinesebeliefs,especiallyinConfucianism,collectivismisappreciated.Itemphasizescooperationamonggroupmembersandindividualsuccessisduetothecollectiveeffortofthestaffinaunit,anorganizationoracommunity.

3.CanyoutellthemaininfluenceoftheRenaissanceonWesternvalues?

IntheRenaissanceperiodofEngland,peoplebegantoemphasizethedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife.ThisistherudimentofHumanism.Peoplebegantorespectthehumanityfromthenon,andthendevelopedintotheideasofwhatwealwayscallfreedom,democracy.

4.Whatisthedifferencebetweencollectivismandindividualism?

Individualismreferstothedoctrinethattherightsoftheindividualarethemostimportantonesinasociety.Collectivismemphasizescooperationamonggroupmembers.

（1）Westernerstendtobelievethatpeopleshouldrelyonthemselvesasmuchaspossible--andusuallyexpectotherpeopletodothesame.Peopleincollectivistculturesgenerallyfeeltheyhavearighttoexpecthelpfromothermembersoftheirgroups,andtheyalsotendtofeeltheyhaveanobligationtohelpothermembersoftheirgroups.

（2）Westernersgenerallyfeelthattherightsofindividualsshouldnotbesubordinatedtotheneedsofalargergroup.Peopleincollectivistculturesaregenerallymorewillingtoaccepttheideathatindividualsshouldsacrificeforthebenefitofthegroup.

（3）Westernerstendtobelievethatindividualsshouldmakedecisionsforthemselves,andthatindividualsshouldtakecreditresponsibilityforwhattheyarepersonallydone.Peopleincollectivistculturestendtofeelmorethattheyarerepresentativeoftheirgroup,andtoacceptmoreresponsibilityforothermembersoftheirgroupstoo.

（4）Westernerstendtoviewindividualismasagoodthing.TheChinesetermfor“individualism,”gerenzhuyi,oftenhasasomewhatnegativeconnotation,andissometime