本科毕业设计浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧因素.docx

本科毕业设计浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧因素.docx

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本科毕业设计浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧因素

浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧因素

摘要：

《德伯家的苔丝》，作为托马斯·哈代最为有影响力的一部巨著，描写了社会命运以及其他力量把一个纯洁、质朴、关丽、善良而又勤劳的农村姑娘苔丝逼得走投无路而成为杀人犯，最后付出生命代价的悲惨故事。

苔丝的悲剧性结局有多方面的原因，家庭、社会、性格对苔丝的悲剧，本文主要对其社会原因进行分析。

关键词:

苔丝;悲剧;原因

AnAnalysisoftheSocialReasonsofTess’sTragedy

inTessoftheD’Urbervilles

Abstract

TessoftheD’Urbervilles,asignificantworkofThomasHardy,createdagirlofpurity,plain,beauty,kindnessanddiligence,sufferingbysocialandotherforce,becameamurdererandpaidherlifeintheendofthetragicstory.TherearevariousreasonsforTess’stragedy,family,Tess’sown,andsocialelements.Thispapermainlyanalyzesreasonsofsocial.

Keywords:

Tess;Tragedy;Reason

Acknowledgements

Firstandforemost,Iwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetomysupervisor,Mr.Ding,bothforhisintellectualguidanceandforhiswarmandconstantencouragementduringtheprocessofwritingthisthesis.Withpatienceandprudence,helaboredthroughdraftsofthisthesisandpointedoutdefectsinmytheorizing.Therefore,Ioweallthemeritsinthisthesis,ifany,tohim,thoughIamfullyawarethatthethesismightstillcontainsomemistakes,forwhichIbearthewholeresponsibility.

MycordialandsincerethanksgotoalltheteachersintheDepartmentofEnglish。

Theyareinterestingandinformativecourseshavebenefitedmealotduringmycollegeyears.TheprofitthatIgainedfromtheirprofoundknowledge,remarkableexpertiseandintellectualingenuitywillbeofeverlastingsignificancetomyfuturelifeandcareer.

Iamalsoverygratefultomyclassmates,whohavegivenmealotofhelpandcourageduringmystayintheUniversityandthroughouttheprocessofwritingthisthesis.

Lastbutnotleast,bigthanksgotomyfamily,whichhavesharedwithmemyworries,frustrations,andhopefullymyultimatehappinessineventuallyfinishingthisthesis.

Contents

中文摘要……...............................................................................…………

Abstract…………………………………………...……………………………….…..

Acknowledgements......................................................................................………….

Ⅰ.Introduction……………………………………………………………………….1

A.IntroductionoftheWriter…………………………………………………….1

B.IntroductionoftheWork..................................................................................2

Ⅱ.ReasonsofHerOwnforTess’sTragedy…………………………………………..3

A.HerSacrificefortheFamily…………………………………………………4

B.HerSacrificeforlove…………………………………………………..........4

Ⅲ.ReasonsofFamilyforTess’sTragedy………………………................................6

A.FamilyBackground………………………………………………................6

B.HerParentsforTess’sTragedy………………………………………………6

1.HerFathertoTess’sTragedy……………………………………….......6

2.HerMotherforTess’sTragedy……………………………………........6

Ⅳ.ReasonsofSocialElementforTess’sTragedy…………………………...............7

A.AnalysisofAlecandClare’sCharacterReasonsofTess’sTragedy………..81.AnalysisofAlec’sCharacter….……………………………………......8

2.AnalysisofClare’sCharacter………………………………………......8

B.AnalysisoftheSocialandEnvironmentalReasonsinTess’sTragedy….....91.HypocriticalCapitalismMoral’sViewandUnequalLegalSystem……11

2.ImpoverishmentandDecayofSmallFarmers…………………………11

3.TheMaleFactorinTess’sTragedy……………………………………...12

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….…..14

Workscited……………………………………………………………………….…15

Ⅰ.Introduction

TessoftheD’UrbervilleswasThomasHardy’smostfamousworkandpublishedin1891.Asanovelist,ThomasHardyhadreachedthegreatplaceinhisachievementsbecauseofTessoftheD’Urbervilles.PeoplewereattractednotonlybythetragiclifeofTess,butalsotheinherentbeauty.Inaworldfilledwithfalsenessandpretence,Tesswasquitesoftandkind.Tesswasrepeatedlycheatedandabandoned,shetriedtobegoodthough.Tessshowedthemostbeautifulsideofherinnocentcharacterwhensheworkedinthefarmingfields.（Hu,176）Combinedabeautifulappearancewithmanyotherwonderfulqualities,Tesswasdiligent,honesty,tenderness.Sheneverplayedwithmen’semotionsorneverlearnedtoflirtwithmen,butthatbecametheweakness.（Feng,62）Fromthebeginning,Tesswasdestinedfortragedy.Althoughshewasbeautiful,shewaspoor.Shecouldnotbecomethemasterofherownlifebecauseshewasawoman.Shewasonlyanobjecttobetormented.TesskilledAlecintheendofthestory.Thatsocietywherepowerwascontrolledbytherichmen,sowhatshedidwasagainstthesociety,thelaw.Thelawwasrigid,andtheJusticewasdone.

A.IntroductionoftheWriter

TessoftheD’Urbervilles,ThomasHardy’sgreatestnovelofBritishdescribedthemisfortunatelifeofapoorpeasantgirlTess.Hewasfamousfornovelandpoem.

ThomasHardyenrichedthetragicartinhisuniqueworkofcharacterandenvironment.Hewasanoutstandingandcross-centuryrealisticwriter.BorninEgdon,whichwasacountryintheWestland.ThemainenvironmentintheHardy’swritingswasfromthenaturalenvironment.（Jiang,96）Asastonecutter,Hardy’sfather,butlikedmusic.TherewasmuchattentionwaspaidtoHardy’seducation.Inhischildhood,heturnedtolearnabouttheliteratureafterhereceivedtheologyineducation.Leavingschoolbecameanapprenticeofanarchitectin1856.HebecameabuildingdraftsmanafterhewenttoLondonin1862,atthesametimeheenrolledasastudentandtookadvancedcoursesforlanguageandstartedtocreateliteratureinKing’sCollegeLondon.Attheverybeginning,Hardywrotepoems,buthispoetrywasnotpublished.In1868,hefinishedhisfirstlongnovel,butwasnotpublished.FarmfromMaddingCrowd,thecelebratedworkwashisfourthnovelin1874.Heabandonedconstructionindustryfromthenon,anddevotedhimselftothenovelcreation.Fromlatenineteenthcentury,theworksofThomasHardyandhimselfwerethecritics’hottopicsforalongtime.（Lu,72）WiththedevelopmentofmodernliterarycriticismaftertheSecondWorldWar,diversecriticsinterpretTessoftheD’UrbervillesandThomasHardy’sothernovelsfromdifferentperspectives.

InthebooknamedTheSecondCommonReader,VirginiaWoolfonceclaimed:

WhenwesaythatwithoutThomasHardyseemslikeEnglishfictionlostaleader,wemeanthatthereisnoonelikeThomasHardywhosesupremacywouldbegenerallyaccepted,nonetowhomitseemssofittingandnaturaltopayhomage.

ThomasHardyandParadoxesofLove,Woolf'scommentisnotjustacomplimentabouthardyclaimed:

Hardy'sworkis...characterizedbyitsstrikinglymodernisttechniquesthatalignhimwiththegreatmodernistssuchasD.HLawrence,JamesJoyce,andJosephConradandrevealhimtobetheirinventiveforerunner.

B.Introductionofthework

ThetragedyofTessisthemainpointofTessoftheD’Urbervilles.Borninapoorcountrysidefamily,Tesswassimple.Oneday,Tess’sfatherwasinformedthathehadnobleblood.Tess’sparentsaskedhertovisitMrs.D’Urberville,whowasarichwidow.（Dong,10）Becauseherfamily’shorsewaskilledinanaccident,theyneedsomehelpfromtheMrs.D’Urberville.TessgotajobthereaftershewenttotheD’Urbervilles.However,shewasrapedbyAlec,andshegotpregnant.Shehadnochoicebutgivebirthtoherchildaftershewentbackherhome.Unfortunately,thechilddiedseveraldayslater.Then,shemetAngelClarewhensheworkedatadairyfarm.Theycouldnothelpfallinginlovewitheachother.AngeltoldTessabouthispast,aneveningofdebauchery,andaskedforTess’sforgivenessontheweddingnight.（Xiong,137）KindTessofcourseforgavehim.ThenTesstoldAngelaboutherpast.PureTessthoughtthatshehadforgivenhim,soitstandsreasonthatAngelcouldforgiveher.However,AngelleftherforBrazilbecausehewasreallydisappointedwithher.Afterthat,Tesshadtoworkunderbadconditionsinordertosupportherpoorfamily.Andthenherfatherdiedandthefamilywasdrivenawayfromtheirhouse.TesshadnochoicebutgobacktoAlecforsupportingherpoorfamily.AngelreturnedfromBrazilafteroneyearandwantedtogettogetherwithTessagain.ButshecouldnotgowithAngelbecauseofherrelationshipwithAlec.TesscouldnotfeelmoreangrilywithAlec,andafterabigfightTesskilledhim.Tesswasarrestedandexecutedaftershehadfiveday’shappytimewithAngel.Fromtheverybeginningtotheend,Tesswaspureofheartandkind.However,awomanofhonestylikeTesswasdriventohellbysociety.TesslosthervirginitybecauseofAlecwhenTesswasaninnocent,simple,17-year-oldvillagegirl.Tesswasregardedasafallenwoman,andthesocietyblameher.EvenAngelcouldnotacceptTess’s“impurity”andthoughtthesameasotherpeople,afterthat,Angellefther.Lateron,TesswasforcedtolivewithAlecforherfamily.（Feng,61）Intheend,TesswaspunishedbythelawbecauseshekilledAlecwhotookawayhervirtue.

Ⅱ.ReasonsofHerOwnforTess’sTragedy

C.HerSacrificefortheFamily

Forherkindness,Tessdevotedherselftosupportthewholefamily.Asagirlfromacountrysidefamily,shekeptthepeasantqualities:

innocentandsimple.Thewholefamilylivedonwasanoldandunhealthyhorse.Besides,Tess’sparentswerenotdiligentatallandwouldnotworktosupportthemselves.Itwasabigfamilythatsevenyoungersistersandbrothers.Sothefamilyhadahardlife.AlthoughTesswasjust17yearsold,shehadtotakeherparents’dutybecauseshewastheeldestchildandcarriedthefinancialburdenofthewholefamily.ButTesswasreallyyoungatthattime,andshedidnotknowthedarksideoftheworld.（Lu,72）

JohnD’urbeyfield,Tess’sfather,wasaplainhagglerinthevillageofMarlott.Hewasveryarrogantforhisnobleancest