考研英语一真命题及其规范标准答案汇总.docx

考研英语一真命题及其规范标准答案汇总.docx

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考研英语一真命题及其规范标准答案汇总

2011年考研英语一真题及答案汇总

SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA],B],C]orD]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But__1___someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

　　__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.

　　Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.

　　Althoughsadnessalso____14___tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea（n）__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown,____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.

　　1.A]amongB]exceptC]despiteD]like

　　2.A]reflectB]demandC]indicateD]produce

　　3.A]stabilizingB]boostingC]impairingD]determining

　　4.A]transmitB]sustainC]evaluateD]observe

　　5.A]measurableB]manageableC]affordableD]renewable

　　6.A]InturnB]InfactC]InadditionD]Inbrief

　　7.A]oppositeB]impossibleC]averageD]expected

　　8.A]hardensB]weakensC]tightensD]relaxes

　　9.A]aggravateB]generateC]moderateD]enhance

　　10.A]physicalB]mentalC]subconsciousD]internal

　　11.A]ExceptforB]AccordingtoC]DuetoD]Asfor

　　12.A]withB]onC]inD]at

　　13.A]unlessB]untilC]ifD]because

　　14.A]exhaustsB]followsC]precedesD]suppresses

　　15.A]intoB]fromC]towardsD]beyond

　　16.A]fetchB]biteC]pickD]hold

　　17.A]disappointedB]excitedC]joyfulD]indifferent

　　18.A]adaptedB]cateredC]turnedD]reacted

　　19.A]suggestingB]requiringC]mentioningD]supposing

　　20.A]EventuallyB]ConsequentlyC]SimilarlyD]Conversely

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA],B],C]orD].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!

Atlast!

”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances。

moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:

AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?

Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas

A]incurredcriticism.

B]raisedsuspicion.

C]receivedacclaim.

D]arousedcuriosity.

22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

A]influential.

B]modest.

C]respectable.

D]talented.

23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.

B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

25.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels

A]doubtful.

B]enthusiastic.

C]confident.

D]puzzled.

Text2

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:

”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”

26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing

A]arrogant.

B]frank.

C]self-centered.

D]impulsive.

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredby

A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.

B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.

C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.

D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.

28.Theword“poached”（Line3,Paragraph4）mostprobablymeans

A]approvedof.

B]attendedto.

C]huntedfor.

D]guardedagainst.

29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.

B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.

C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.

D]it’ssafertosticktothetradit