考研英语真题完整版.docx
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考研英语真题完整版
2010考研英语真题完整版2010-01-1023:
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SectionIUseofEnglish
Dnecclious:
Readthcfollowingtext.Choosethebcslword(s)foreachnumbcredblank.andmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
In1924American'NationalResearchCouncilsenttoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawhtorePlantnear
ChicagoIthopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorEgnting__1__workorsproductivityInstead,thestudiesended__2__givingtheirnametothe“Hawhthome
effect”theextremelyinflentlcelldeatheveey__3__tobemgexpenmenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior
Theideaarosebecauseofthe__4__behaviorofthewomenintheplato.Accordmgto__5__ofthecxpetmems.their.houriyoutputrosewhenhghtmgWaS
increased.butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot__6__whatwasdoneintheexpenment.__7__sometmgwaschanged.produchntyroseA(n)__8__thatthey
werebemgexperimenteduponseemedtobe__9__t0alterworkers'bchamor__10__uself
Afterseveraldecades,thesaliledatawere__11__toeconometrictheanalysisHawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestorej2一thedescnpuonsonrecord,no
systematic__13__wasfoundthatlcvclsofproduchxntywererelatedtochangesinlighting
Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingthec~enmentsmaybehaveletto__14__interpretationofwhathapped.__15__,tighringwasalwayschangedon
aSundayWhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output__16__rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand__17__toriseforthenextcoupleofdays__18__,,
acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexpenmentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentupOnMonday,workers__19__tobeduigentforthefirstfew
daysoftheweekinanycase,before__21__aplateauandthenslackeningoffThissuggeststhatthealleged”Hawthorneeffect“ishardtoptndown
1.[A]affected [B]achieved [C]exlracted [D]restored
2[A]at [B]up [C]with [D]Off
3[A]Wuth [B]sight [C]act [D]proof
4.[A]conVoversial [B]perplexing[c]mischieous [D]ambiguous
5.[A]reqtttrents [B]cxplanalions[C]accounts [D]assements
6[A]conclude [B]matter [C]indicate [D]work
7[A]asfaras [B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas
8.[A]awarerress [B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion
9.[A]suitale [B]excessive [C]enough [D]abundant
10.[A]about [B]for [C]on [D]by
11[A]compared [B]shown [C]subjected [D]conveyed
12.[A]contraryto [B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]pealliarto
13.[A]evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source
14.[A]disputable [B]enlightening[C]retiable [D]wasleadmg
15.[A]Incontast [B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual
16.[A]duly [B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly
17.[A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued
20.[A]breaking [B]chrnbing [C]surpassmg [D]hiting
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text2
Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshaveseengranledforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Amazoncomreceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepayment
systernMerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinvenlorpatentedatochniqueforlyingabox
Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalehackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversiale,versincetheywerefirst
authorized10yearsagoInamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.ScourtofAppealsforthefederalctrcuitsalditwoulduseaparticularcasetO
conductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBijskl,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal”,saysDermis'DCrouchoftheUniversityofMissoun
Schooloflaw.It“hasthepotentialtoelinateanentireclassofpatmts”
Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-facebecauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusivepinhtstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbentthemtothepunch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethafactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice.
TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevalusteiswetheritshould“reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling.
TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupreme.Countthathasnurrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare“reactiontotheanti_patenttrendatthesupremecourt”saysHaroleCwegner,apartendattorneyandprofessorataeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.
26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof
[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness
[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation
[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting
[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization
27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?
[A]Itsrullingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions
[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction
[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit
[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S.
28.Theword“about-face”(Line1,Paro3)mostprobablymeans
[A]lossofgoodwill
[B]increaseofhostility
[C]changeofattitude
[D]changeofauiuled
29.Welearnfromthelasttwopamgraphsthatbusiness-meihodPateats
[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges
[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued
[C]lowertheesteemforpateatholders
[D]increasetheincidenceofrisks
30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?
[A]Aloomingthreattobvamess-melhcdpatents
[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders
[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents
[D]Aprevailingtreadagainstbusiness-methodpatents
Text3
InhisbookTheTippingPoinlMalcohnaladuellalouesthatsocialepidemicsaredliveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecial
individuals,oftencalledinfluentialswhoareunusuallinformed,persuasive,orweconnectTheideaisintuitivelycompellingbutitdoesn'texplainhowideasactuallyspread.
Thesupposedimportanceofinftuentialsderivesfromaplansiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheoryuntestedthelrycalledthe"tow-stepflowofcommunication"Information
llowsfromthemediatotheinftuentialsandfromthentoereryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecameitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindand
influencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthemThetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofpeoplewas
wearingpromotingordevelopingwhaterveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattentionAnecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecial
peoplecalldrivetrends
IntheirrecentworkhoweyersomeresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenetallysupposedIn
facttheydon’tseemtoberequiredofall
Theresearchers'argumentstemsfromasimpleobserratingaboutsocialinfluencewiththeexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey-whoseoutsizepresenceisprimanrillyafunctionofmedianotinterpersonalinfluence-enenthemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'tinteractwiththatmanyothersYetitispreciselythesenon-celebringinfluentialswhoaccordingtothetwo-step-flowtheoryaresupposedtodrivesocialenidemicsbyinflucencinytheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccurhowevereachpersonsosffectedmusttheninflucencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirsandsoonandjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistantforexamplefromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplethecasecadeofchangewon'tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.
Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluencetheresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilifytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencetobe
31.BycitingthebookTheTippingPointtheauthorintendsto
[A]analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics
[B]discussinfluentials’funcitioninspreadingideas
[C]exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics
[D]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials
32.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”
[A]servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems
[B]hashelpedexplainc