高中英语阅读理解基础测试题题库doc.docx

高中英语阅读理解基础测试题题库doc.docx

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高中英语阅读理解基础测试题题库doc

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   ScientistsattheUniversityofOxfordhavedevelopednewartificialintelligence（AI）softwaretorecognizeandfollowupthefacesofchimpanzees（黑猩猩）inthewild.Thenewsoftwarewillallowresearchersandwildlifeconservationiststosignificantlycutbackontimespentanalyzingvideos,accordingtothenewpaperpublishedinScienceAdvances.

   Forspecies（物种）likechimpanzeeswhichhavecomplexsociallivesandliveformanyyears,gettingphotosoftheirbehaviortakenfromshort-termfieldresearchcanonlytellussomuch,"saysDanSchofield,researcherandDPhilstudentatOxfordUniversity'sPrivateModelsLab,SchoolofAnthropology."Bytakingadvantageofthepowerofmachinelearningtounlocklargevideofiles,itmakesitpossibletomeasurebehavioroverthelongterm."

   Thecomputermodelwastrainedusingover10millionimages（影像）:

fromKyotoUniversitysPrimateResearchInstitute（PRI）videofilesofwildchimpanzeesinGuinea,WestAfrica.Thenewsoftwareisthefirsttocontinuouslytrackandrecognizeindividualawiderangeofposes,performingwithhighaccuracyindifficultconditionssuchaslowlightingandpoorimagequality.

   "Accesstothislargevideofilehasallowedustousedeepneuralnetworkstotrainmodelstoadegreethatwaspreviouslynotpossible,"saysArshaNagrad,co-autherofthestudyandDPhilstudentattheDepartmentofEngineerScience,UniversityofOxford."Additionally,ournewsoftwarediffersfrompreviousprimatefacerecognitionsoftwareinthatitcanbeappliedtovideoswithlimitedmanualintervention（人工干预）,savinghoursoftime."

   ThetechnologycanbepotentiallyusedtomonitorspeciesforconservationAlthoughthepresentapplicationfocusesonchimpanzees,theAIsoftwareprovidedwillbeappliedtootherspecies,andhelpdrivetheadoptionofAIsystemstosolve（解决）arangeofproblemsinthewildlifesciences.

（1）Whatisthepurposeofdevelopingthenewsoft?

A.Tosavewildliferesearchers'timespentinthelabs.

B.Tokeeptrackofwildlifeconservationists'behaviors.

C.Toprotectchimpanzeesandhelpthemtolivelonger.

D.Torecognizeandtrackthefacesofwildchimpanzees.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph2referto?

A.Gettingphotos.

B.Analyzingvideos.

C.Apowerfulmachine

D.ThenewAIsoftware.

（3）Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?

A.Theworkingprincipleofthenewsoftware.

B.Somelimitationsofusingthenewsoftware.

C.Theuniqueadvantagesofthenewsoftware.

D.Controversialattitudestothenewsoftware.

（4）Whatcanbeknownfromthelastparagraph?

A.Technologyadvanceisthefinalgoalofscience

B.Thenewsoftwarewon'tjustbeappliedtochimpanzees.

C.AIsystemsarewidelyusedinthewildlifesciences.

D.Theapplicationofthenewtechnologyisn'teasy.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）D

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的人工智能软件，这种软件可以识别和追踪黑猩猩的面孔,大大节省了研究者和野生动物保护者的时间，而且它还可以应用到其他的物种研究。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”ScientistsattheUniversityofOxfordhavedevelopednewartificialintelligence（AI）softwaretorecognizeandfollowupthefacesofchimpanzees（黑猩猩）inthewild.”可知，新软件的开发是为了识别和追踪野外黑猩猩的面孔。

故选D。

（2）考查代词指代。

根据第一段的叙述及第二段中的“Bytakingadvantageofthepowerofmachinelearningtounlocklargevideofiles…”可推断it指代第一段中提到的新的人工智能软件。

故选D。

（3）考查段落大意。

根据第四段的叙述可知，本段主要介绍了新软件与其他软件相比所具有的独特的优势。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“ThetechnologycanbepotentiallyusedtomonitorspeciesforconservationAlthoughthepresentapplicationfocusesonchimpanzees,theAIsoftwareprovidedwillbeappliedtootherspecies.可知，新的软件不仅被用在黑猩猩身上，它还将被用于其他物种。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Mars（火星）appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywater,atleastinthesummer,scientistsreportedMonday."ItsuggeststhatitwouldbepossiblefortheretobelifetodayonMars,"NASA'ssciencemissionchief,JohnGrunsfeld,saidatanewsconferenceonSeptember28,2015.

   Thestreamsareabout12to15feetwideand300feetormorelong,scientistssaid."Whatwe'redealingwithiswetsoil,thinlayersofwetsoil,notstandingwater,"saidAifredMcEwenoftheUniversityofArizonaatTueson,theprincipalscientistfortheMarsReconnaissanceOrbiter'shigh-resolutionimagingexperiment.

   Becauseliquidwaterisessentialtolife,thefindingscouldhavemajorimplicationsforthepossibilityofMartianlife.Theresearcherssaidfurtherexplorationisneededtodeterminewhethermicroscopiclifeexistsontheplanet.

   ThepresenceofliquidwatercouldalsomakelifeeasierforastronautsvisitingorlivingonMars.Watercouldbeusedfordrinkingandforcreatingoxygenandrocketfuel.NASA'sgoalistosendhumansthereinthe2030s.

   Theevidenceofflowingwaterconsistslargelyofdark,narrowstreaks（条痕）onthesurfacethattendtoappearandgrowduringthewarmestMartianmonthsandfadetherestoftheyear.

   Marsisextremelycoldeveninsummer,andthestreaksareinplaceswherethetemperatureisaslowasminus10degreesFahrenheit.Butsaltcanlowerthefreezingpointofwaterandmeltice.

   Thesourceofthewaterisamystery.Scientistsnoteditcouldbemeltingice.Itcouldbeanundergroundaquifer,whichisrockorsandthatcanholdwater.ItispossiblywatervaporfromthethinMartianatmosphere.OritmaybeacombinationMichaelMeyer,leadscientistforNASA'sMarsexplorationprogram,saidtheonlydefinitivewayfornowtodeterminewhetherthere'slifeonMarsistocollectrocksandsoilforanalysisonEarth—somethingaU.S.landersetforlift-offin2020willdo.

（1）AccordingtoJohnGrunsfeld,thereseemstobe             onMars.

A. saltywater                  B. standingwater                  C. rocketfuel                  D. humanbeings

（2）Scientistsareuncertainaboutthe              ofthewateronMars.

A.state

B.source

C.temperature

D.taste

（3）WhatmatterstotheexistenceofliquidwateronMars?

A.Thedistancefromthesun

B.Thefavorableclimate

C.Thegravityoftheearth

D.Thesaltinit

（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.StreamsofWaterSpottedonMars

B.AstronautswillLandonMars

C.NASA'sMarsExplorationProgram

D.ABreakthroughintheExplorationofMars

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了火星上有水的迹象，进而推断火星上可能有生命，但是水的来源仍旧是一个迷。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Mars（火星）appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywater,”火星上好像有含盐的小溪在流动。

可知，火星上好像有盐水。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第七段中的“Thesourceofthewaterisamystery.”水的来源是个迷，可知，科学家还不确定水的来源。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第六段“Marsisextremelycoldeveninsummer,andthestreaksareinplaceswherethetemperatureisaslowasminus10degreesFahrenheit.Butsaltcanlowerthefreezingpointofwaterandmeltice.”即使在夏天火星也极其寒冷，在温度达到零下10华氏度的地方水纹还存在。

但是盐可以降低水的结冰点并融化冰。

可知，水里的盐决定了火星上液体水的存在。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“Mars（火星）appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywater,”火星上好像有含盐的小溪在流动。

可知，“在火星看到了溪水”适合做本文最佳标题。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   IhavethreekidsandagreathusbandandI'menjoyingacareerthatIfindchallengingandfun.Thisfeelslike"Success"totheoutsideworld.ButthereisstillavoiceinmyheartaskingifthisiswhoItrulyam.OnlyinsilencedoIheartheselfandwonderwhothatpersonmightbe.

   SoIbookedatriptofindout.Itravelled,forthefirsttime,withoutmyhusbandorkids.IwenttoIcelandwithafriend,whosharesanappreciationforwildernessandsilence.

   Forsixdays,wewereimmersedinwild,rawsceneryandrealweather—allkindsofweather.Climbingamountainagainstrainandreturningtoatentforasimplemealremindsyouhowlittleyouactuallyneed.Andhowstrongitfeelstobeuncomfortablesometimes.

   IfoundsilenceinIceland，andtimetoconsiderthemeoutsideofcareerandthemeoutsideofkidsasIsharedstorieswithstrangers.

   WhenIstoppedtalkingandjustlistened，Ibecamemoregenerous.I1earnedthatchoosingtobegenerouscancreatemorespace,morefoodandmorewarmth.

   ButIdidn'treallygainanybetterappreciationofwhatIwantfromlifeormyjob.IsuspecttheanxietythatdrovemetoseeksilenceinIcelandwaslosingsightofmyabilitytochoosegratitudeandjoy，andtobepresentinthechallengesIsetinmycareerandmyfamily.

   Icamehometonoise，rushandlove;withnolessconfusiononwhoIwanttobe.Iknowtheanswerisn'twaitingoutthereonthetopofamountaininIceland.Theanswerisinfrontofmewitheverysteponmyown1ife'spath,andineverychoiceImake.

（1）WhydidtheauthortakeatriptoIceland?

A. Togainanewexperience.                               

B. Toenjoyfamilyhappiness.

C. Tobetterunderstandherself.                           D. Toappreciatenaturalbeauty.

（2）Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor'strip?

A. Puzzling                         

B. Thrilling                         

C. Relaxing                         

D. Demanding

（3）Whatchangehappenedtotheauthorafterthetrip?

A. Shebecamemorepositive                              

B. Shebecamemoreenergetic

C. Shebecameevenlonelier                               

D. Shebecamemoreanxious

（4）Whatwilltheauthordointhefuture?

A. Withdrawbacktonature.                                

B. Embracerealitybravely.

C. TraveltoIcelandmoreoften.                           D. Paylessattentiontoherfeelings.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，为了寻找真正的自我，作者踏上了冰岛之旅。

回来之后，她意识到答案不在遥远的冰岛，而在平平淡淡的日常生活和工作中。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段和第二段中的“ButthereisstillavoiceinmyheartaskingifthisiswhoItrulyam.OnlyinsilencedoIheartheselfandwonderwhothatpersonmightbe.SoIboo