英语 structure analysis.docx

英语 structure analysis.docx

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英语structureanalysis

AnAnalysisoftheWholeTextStructure

AnAnalysisoftheWholeTextStructure

SectionA,UnitSevenBookIINHCE

Thepassage,presentingtheviewsofDr.RobertS.Eliot,givesadviceonhowtolightenone'sloadandimproveone'slife.First,welearntheharmsofstress.Thenwelearnhowtodealwithit.Thepassagecanbedividedintofiveparts.

PartOneisParagraphIandParagraph2,presentingthetopicoftheessay:

Ifyouoftenfeelthestressinyourlifeisspinningoutofcontrol,youneedtolearntotakechargeofyourlifewhereyoucan--andrecognizetherearemanythingsbeyondyourcontrol

PartTwoconsistsofthreeparagraphs:

fromParagraph3toParagraph5,mainlyabouttheharmfuleffectsofstress.InParagraph3,thewriterintroducesDr.RobertS.Eliot,aclinicalprofessorofmedicinewhowroteabookFromStresstoStrength:

HowtoLightenYourLoadandSaveYourLife.ThisgivesusahintthatthewritermighttellusaboutDr.Eliot'sopinionsconcerningstress.Paragraphs4and5tellustheharmfulresultsofstress:

highbloodpressure,highercholesterollevels,crazyheartrhythms,andpossiblydeath.

PartThreeismadeupofsixparagraphs,fromParagraph6toParagraphII,mainlyaboutthecausesofstress.Paragraph6tellsusstresswasoncenearlykillingEliot,buthe'sdoingverywellnow.InParagraph7,Eliotanalyzesthemainpredictorsofstress一一fear，uncertainty，anddoubt一一togetherwithperceivedlackofcontrol.InParagraph8,Eliotclaimstherootofsomepeople'sstressisanger.InParagraph9,Eliotsaysonesourceofstresscomesfromseekingperfection,aterriblecyclethatendsinperfectionistsblowingtheirtops.InParagraph10,Eliotsaysothersareangrybecausetheyhavenocompassinlife.Thattheygivethesameemphasistoatrafficjamthattheygivetoafamilyargumentisanexamplethattheyhavelittleunderstandingofwhatisimportantinlife.Paragraph11concludesthispartbysayingthatstresscanactuallymakeyouhot-temperedandblowapartduetoaheartproblem

PartFourconsistsofanothersevenparagraphs,fromParagraph12toParagraph18.ThispartpresentsuswithsomesuggestionsfromEliotastohowtodealwithstress.InParagraph12,Eliotadvisesusthatoneshouldlearntobelesshostilebychangingsomeattitudesandnegativethinking.StartingfromParagraph13,Eliotrecommendstakingchargeoflife.Controlisthewayoutofbeingstressed.InParagraph14,Eliotrecommendsthatpeopleshouldunderstandwhatpartsoflifearecontrollable.Oneshouldalsofindoutwhatneedstobedoneinordertogaincontrol.Paragraphs15to17gointo

detailconcerninghowtosetpriorities.InParagraph15,EliotgivesusanexampleofsomethingBenFranklindid.Franklinwrotedownwhathewantedtodo--beabetterfather,abetterhusband,financiallyindependent,stimulatedintellectually,andremaineven-tempered.InParagraph16,Eliotsuggeststhatapersoncanfirstlisttwelvethingsandthencutthelistdowntosix,onlykeepingthingsthatwillaffectidentity,control,andself-worth.InParagraph17,Eliotcontinuestoadviseusthatsincetimeislimited,apersonmustdecidetodoonlythemostimportantthings.ButParagraph18warnsthattheseprioritiesarelikelytochangeastheyare.

PartFiveincludestheremainderofthispassage.Paragraphs19and20.Inthetwoparagraphs,thewriterpresentsEliot'sopinionthatsomethings,suchastheeconomyandpoliticians,cannotbecontrolled.Wemustthereforelearntoacceptthesethings.

AnAnalysisoftheWholeTextStructure

SectionA,UnitFiveBookIINHCE

Thepassageisafirstpersonnarrativeaboutthewriter'sresponsestowardtheproblemofherdaughter'ssmoking.Thewritertriestoshowhowsmokingisharmfultoherownfatherandtothepeopleinpoorcountriesasexamplestosupportherfeelingsagainstherdaughter'ssmoking.Andthensheconcludesthateveryhomeshouldbeano-smokingzone.

Thepassagecanberoughlydividedintothreeparts

PartOneisthefirstparagraph.Theparagraphtellsusthatthewriter'sdaughtersmokes.Thewriterfeelsterribleaboutitandshewantstoweepassmokingcouldcauseherdaughter'sdeath.

PartTwoconsistsoffiveparagraphs,fromParagraph2toParagraph6.Paragraph2isaboutthefactthatthewriter'sfather,herdaughter'sgrandfather,smoked.Paragraph3isaboutthereasonwhyherfathersmoked.Thetobaccoindustry,coupledwithHollywoodmoviesinwhichbothmaleandfemaleheroessmokedlikechimneys,completelywonoverpeoplelikeherfather,whowerehopelesslyhookedbycigarettes.Paragraphs4and5areabouttheresultsofsmoking.Herfatherstartedtocough.Whenshewassixteen,hisbreathwasawheezeandhecouldnotclimbstairswithoutstoppingeverythirdorfourthstep.Anditwasusualforhimtocoughforanhour.Herfatherdiedfrompneumoniaonewinterasaresultoflong-timesmoking.InParagraph6thewriterturnsherattentiontotheThirdWorldcountries.ShearguesthatsmokingisharmfulnotonlytoherfatherbutalsotopeopleintheThirdWorldcountries.Thelargeadvertisementsignsattractpeopleinpoorcountries,andthemoneyforfoodgoestotobaccocompanies.Asaconsequence,peoplestarvethemselvesofbothfoodandair,effectivelyweakeningandbookingtheirchildren,eventuallykillingthemselves.

PartThreeisjustbasedonthespecificexamplesabouttheharmfulresultsofsmoking.Thispartismadeupoftwoparagraphs.Paragraph7putsforwardthewriter'spointofviewaboutherdaughter'ssmokingasaresponsetoParagraph1:

Sheisstronglyagainstherdaughter'ssmoking.Accordingtowhatshesays,shefeelsbadaboutbringingupherdaughtertohaveherstruggletobreathethroughmostofherlifefeelinghalfherstrength,andthendieofself-poisoning,ashergrandfatherdid.Paragraph8,asthelastparagraphofthepassage,arguesforeveryhomebeingano-smokingzone.Smokinghaskilledherfather,iskillingherdaughterandisalsokillingothersmokersandthosewhohavetositby.thingsthatwillaffectidentity,control,andself-worth.InParagraph17,Eliotcontinuestoadviseusthatsincetimeislimited,apersonmustdecidetodoonlythemostimportantthings.ButParagraph18warnsthattheseprioritiesarelikelytochangeastheyare.

PartFiveincludestheremainderofthispassage.Paragraphs19and20.Inthetwoparagraphs,thewriterpresentsEliot'sopinionthatsomethings,suchastheeconomyandpoliticians,cannotbecontrolled.Wemustthereforelearntoacceptthesethings.

AnAnalysisoftheWholeTextStructure

SectionA,UnitFourBookIINHCE

Oneofthewaysfordiscourseorganizationistoprojectthediscourseintoquestionsandanswers.Questionsareoftenusedasameansofclarifyingtheorganizationofadiscourse.InUnitIBook2wehaveintroducedittoseehowitcanenableustoseethestructuralorganizationofapassage.TextAofthisunitistypicalofthatstructure:

Theorganizationcanbeclearlyspelledoutbyquestionsandanswers.

Thepassageisashortstory,anditsstructuralorganizationcanbebroughttolightwhenweinsertsomequestionsbetweenparagraphs.Generallyspeaking,thestorycanbedividedintonineparts.Pleaselookatthefollowingchartwithquestionsinsertedbetweenpartstofindouthoweachpartlinkswiththenextpart.

PartOneistheFirstparagraph,whichisthebeginningofthestory.Theparagraphtellsusaboutatallyoungarmyofficer,JohnBlandford,waitingtomeetawomanatsixo'clock.Welearnsomethingstrangehere.Hehasneveractuallyseenherbefore,butthiswomanhasfilledaspecialplaceinhislifeandherwrittenwordshavegivenhimstrength.

Thefirstparagraphmayleadreaderstoaskwhothewomanis,whytheyoungmanshouldwaittoseeher,howshehasgivenhimstrengthandwhattherelationshipbetweentheyoungmanandthewomanis.Thequestionsbuildasortofexpectationforthereaderstocontinuereadingtofindanswers.

PartTwoincludestwoparagraphs,Paragraphs2and3,whichansweratleastsomeoftheinsertedquestions.Paragraph2tellsuswhothewomanisandhowsheemergesintheyoungman'slife.ThewomanisHollisMeynellwhowriteshimletters,wishinghimsafetyandcourageandgivinghimhersupportduringhismilitaryservice.Hegetsabookfromherandappreciateshersupportforhiscause.Hereadsherlettertohimagainandagain.Paragraph3goesontotellusmoreaboutthewoman,whichmakestherelationshipbetweenthetwoclear.Thewoman'sletter-writinggoesonnonstopfor13months.Sheevenwritestohimwhennotgettinghislettersofreply.Duringthedifficulttimeofwar,herlettersgivehimmuchcouragetosurvivethewar.Thengraduallyhe

believesthathelovesherandsheloveshim.Fatehasbroughtthemtogether.

Sinceloveistherebetweenthem,readerswillnaturallyaskwhatwillhappenafterthat.

PartThreeisonlyoneparagraph.Paragraph4,whichservestoananswerthereaders'question.Itisonlytoonaturalthattheyoungmanwantstohaveaphotoofthewomansincetheyhavenevermeteachotherbefore.Dramaticallyenough,thewomandeclinestherequest.Detailedreasonshavebeenofferedbythewoman.Thewomanisseekingtruelove,notlovebecauseofbeautifullooksorloneliness.ShewouldratherleavethequestionofloveundecideduntiltheymeeteachotherinNewYorksometimelater.

Uptonowweareclearaboutwhytheyoungmaniswaitingatthestationforthewoman.Herereadersmightinsertanotherquestion:

Aretheygoingtomeetthere?

Orwhatisgoingtohappennext?

PartFourismadeupofthreeparagraphs.Paragraphs5,6and7,whichdescribethemomentoftheirmeeting.Onlyonemin