英8暑01L1 The Zipper名词阅读A篇词汇U1.docx

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英8暑01L1 The Zipper名词阅读A篇词汇U1.docx

英8暑01L1TheZipper名词阅读A篇词汇U1

 

Lesson1Thezipper

Let’sRead

Thezipperisawonderfulinvention.Howdidpeopleeverlivewithoutzippers?

Theyareverycommon,soweforgetthattheyarewonderful.Theyareverystrong,buttheyopenandcloseveryeasily.Theycomeinmanycoloursandsizes.

Inthe1890s,peopleintheUnitedStatesworehighshoeswithalongrowofbuttons.Clothesoftenhadrowsofbuttons,too.Peoplewishedthatclotheswereeasiertoputonandtakeoff.

WhitcombL.Judson,anengineerfromtheUnitedStates,inventedthezipperin1893.However,hiszippersdidn’tstayclosedverywell.Thiswasembarrassing,andpeopledidn’tbuymanyofthem.ThenDr.GideonSundbackfromSwedensolvedthisproblem.Hiszipperstayedclosed.

Azipperhasthreeparts:

1.Therearedozensofmetalorplastichooks(calledteeth)intworows.

2.Thesehooksarefastenedto(固定于)twostripsofcloth.Theclothstripsareflexible.Theybendeasily.

3.Afastener(扣件)slidesalongandjoinsthehookstogether.Whenitslidestheotherway,ittakesthehooksapart.

Dr.Sundbackputthehooksonstripsofcloth.Theclothholdsallthehooksinplace.Theydidn’tcomeapartveryeasily.Thissolvedtheproblemofthefirstzippers.

.Vocabulary

A.Matcheachwordwiththerightpicture.

1.button______

2.astripofcloth______

3.bend______

4.zipper______

AB.C.D

B.Puttherightwordineachblank.Thesentencesarefromthetext.

zipper

embarrassing

hooks

dozens

solved

bend

fastened

apart

strips

row

engineer

slides

1.Inthe1890s,peopleintheUnitedStatesworehighshoeswithalong__________ofbuttons.

2.Thereare__________ofmetalorplastic__________(calledteeth)intworows.

3.The__________isawonderfulinvention.

4.Afastener__________alongandjoinsthehookstogether.

5.WhitcombL.Judson,an__________fromtheUnitedStates,inventedthezipperin1893.

6.Whenitslidestheotherway,ittakesthehooks__________.

7.Thiswas__________,andpeopledidn’tbuymanyofthem.

8.They__________easily.

9.Thesehooksare__________totwo__________ofcloth.

10.ThenDr.GideonSundbackfromSweden__________thisproblem.

C.Puttherightwordineachblank.Thesearenewsentencesforthewordsinthetext.

fasteners

engineer

buttons

slide

apart

hook

dozen

strips

solve

bend

embarrassed

rows

1.Icyroadsaredangerousbecausecars__________onthem.

2.Pamcutapieceofpaperintofive__________.

3.Sometimesyourfacegetsredwhenyoufeel__________.

4.Doyouliketo__________mathproblems?

5.Youcancatchfishwitha__________.

6.Hooks,buttons,andzippersareall__________.

7.Americansupermarketsselleggsbythe__________.

8.TonyandGeorgehadanapartmenttogether,butnowtheylive__________.

9.Studentssitinacircleinsomeclasses.Theysitin__________inothers.

10.You__________yourkneeswhenyousitdown.

11.Mostpantsandjacketshave__________.

12.An__________knowshowtobuildaroad.

D.MatcheachwordwiththerightsoundandChinesemeaning.Writethecorrectnumberorletterinthetable.

Words

engineer

fasten

common

slide

solve

bend

embarrassing

flexible

Chinesemeaning

A.n.工程师

B.adj.灵活的,易弯曲的

C.vt.解决

D.adj.使人尴尬的

E.vt.使……稳固

F.adj.普通的

G.vi.滑落

H.vi.弯曲;vt.(使)弯曲

Word

Sound

Chinesemeaning

1.__________

2.__________

3.__________

4.__________

5.__________

6.__________

7.__________

8.__________

.Readingcomprehension

A.Choosethebestanswer.

()1.Thezipperwasinventedin______.(★)

A.1890B.1893C.1980D.1983

()2.Mr.Judsondidn’tsellmanyzippersbecause______.(★)

A.theywerehardtoopenandcloseB.peoplelikedrowsofbuttons

C.theycameopenveryeasilyD.theyhadclothstrips

()3.Azipperhas______stripsofcloth.(★)

A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four

()4.Theunderlinedwordinthethirdparagraph“solve”means______.(★★)

A.workoutB.lookoutC.findoutD.pickout

()5.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

(★★)

A.Thehooksonzipperarecloth.

B.Mr.JudsonwasfromSweden.

C.Dr.Sundbackinventedthebuttonhook.

D.Zippersalwayscomeapartveryeasily.

()6.Thepassageismainlyabout______.(★★★)

A.azipperhashooks,clothstrips,andaslidefastener

B.peopledidn’tlikethefirstzippers

C.Mr.JudonandDr.Sundbackgaveusawonderfulinvention,thezipper

D.zippersareoneofthemostusefulinventions

 

Presentation

 

一、名词的分类

类别

意义

例词

专有名词

表示人、地方、组织结构或事物等专有的名称

Paris,Britain,theGreatWall,John

可数名词

个体名词

表示个别人和事物的名称

apple,lawyer,dictionary

集体名词

表示若干人和事物的总称

class,family,people,police,team

不可数名词

物质名词

表示物质或材料的名称

bread,rice,water,milk,furniture

抽象名词

表示性质、行为、状态和情感等抽象概念的名称

happiness,weather

二、名词的数

1)规则变化

一般名词后面加s

month-months,bird-birds

以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,后面加es

classes,boxes,matches

以o结尾的名词,有的加es(有生命的)

有的加s(无生命的)

heroes,tomatoes,potatoes

radios,zoos,bamboos,pianos,photos

以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i再加es

cities,countries,parties,factories

以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v再加es

knife-knives,wolf-wolves,scarf-scarves

例外:

roof-roofs,chief-chiefs

2)不规则变化

单复数同形

sheep,fish,deer,Chinese,Japanese

元音变化

man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,goose-geese

其他形式

child-children,mouse-mice

man与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时,两者都要改为复数

twowomendoctors,tenmendrivers

注意:

German-Germans,human-humans

(1)单数变复数记忆口诀:

单数变为复数式,后加s统言之。

有些名词须注意,要加s先加e。

还有辅音加o时。

辅音加y变ie,f/fe结尾改ve。

少数名词不规则,男女脚牙鹅孩子,日本绵羊中国鱼,特殊变化要硬记。

(2)巧记以o,f(fe)结尾的名词变复数两则

①Negroeseatpotatoes,heroeseattomatoes.黑人吃土豆,英雄吃番茄。

②Thewivesofthievescutthewolvesintohalveswithknives,andcoveredthemwithleavesbehindshelves.小偷的妻子用刀把狼宰成几半,然后用树叶将其盖在了书架后面。

(3)巧记各国人的单、复数变化口诀:

中日不变,英法a、e变,其他s加后边

三、名词的数量表达

只修饰可数名词

只修饰不可数名词

可数、不可数名词均可修饰

基数词

(a)few/fewer/toofew

(a)little/less/toolittle

all,enough,none,most

acoupleof,many

(not)toomany

much,toomuch,(not)toomuch

some,any,enough

hundredsof,thousandsof,

millionsof,billionsof,several

abitof,bitsof

alotof,lotsof,massesof

dozensof,scoresof

agreatdealof

plenty/piles/heapsof

a(great/large)numberof

manya,agreat/goodmany

alargeamountof,anamountof

large/hugeamountsof

largequantitiesof

alargequantityof

四、名词的所有格

形式

使用场合及构成方法

举例

’s属格

多用在有生命的名词后;

单数及不以s结尾的复数名词直接加’s;

两人共有的只在一个词尾加’s

Bob’sandJim’sbikes(两人各有)

BobandJim’sschool(两人共有)

men’sroom,children’scaps,mice’stails

用在时间、地点、重量、距离、价格等名词后,多数复数名词词尾只加’

today’swork,twoweeks’holiday,China’sdevelopment,tenmiles’distance,

apond’sweight,100dollars’value

用在“某人的家”或“某种店铺、诊所”等

atthetailor’s(shop),tomyaunt’s(house)

thebarber’s(理发店),atthedoctor’s(在诊所)

of属格

多用在无生命事物的名词前或名词的定语较长时

amanoftheworld,thelegofthetable

thenameoftheboysittinginbed

双重属格

当a,an,this,that,those,some,any,several,no,every,such,another等与名词所有格共同修饰一个名词时

afriendofmine,severalclassmatesofTom’s,apictureofherson’s

她儿子的一张照片(属于儿子所有)

apictureofherson

(她儿子本人的照片)(不是别人)

 

I.Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案)

()1.Theyarethose______bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.(★)

A.visitorB.visitorsC.visitor’sD.visitors’

()2.Tonyborrowedsomebooksfromthelibrarytogetsome______aboutWesternculture.(★)

A.pictureB.storyC.ideaD.information

()3.Itisnotsafeforteenagerstogiveouttoomuch_____aboutthemselvesontheInternet.(★)

A.informationB.questionsC.ideasD.knowledge

()4.Youcangetmany______toimproveyourmemoryfromreadingthemagazine.(★)

A.waysB.adviceC.informationD.news

()5.Imustgotothesupermarketnow.Therearefew______here.(★)

A.riceB.milkC.meatD.eggs

()6.Mr.Blackisateacherfullof______.Yesterdayhetoldushis______intheU.S.(★★)

A.experiences…experiencesB.experience…experience

C.experience…experiencesD.experiences…experience

()7.Ilikethesedishes,but______isalittlesmaller.(★★)

A.thetea’scupB.thecupofthetea

C.acupofteaD.theteacup

()8.Peoplewaste______watereveryday,itisnotgood.(★★)

A.alargenumberofB.ahugeamountof

C.manyD.quitealot

()9.Thereis______breadinmyfridge.Pleasebuy______onyourwayhome.(★★)

A.alittle…someB.alittle…any

C.little…someD.little…any

()10.Thereisno______intheroom.Let’sgotogetsome.(★★)

A.chairsB.cottonC.desksD.books

()11.______thatpairofnew______expensive?

(★★)

A.Is…shoeB.Are…shoeC.Is…shoesD.Are…shoes

()12.Thewaitressboughtus______,she’snice.(★★)

A.glassesofjuicesB.glassesofjuice

C.glassofjuicesD.glassofjuice

()13.______roomisverynice.Iwantaroomlikeit.(★★)

A.Tom’sandJohn’sB.Tom’sandjohn

C.TomandJohn’sD.TomandJohn

()14.Thefarmerhas______sheeponthefarm.Heisveryhappy.(★★)

A.alargenumberofB.ahugeamountof

C.muchD.quitealot

()15.______funitistojumpintoapoolorgoswimminginsummer!

(★★)

A.HowB.WhataC.WhatanD.What

()16.UncleTomraisesmany______onhisfarmandweoftengothereforavisit.(★★)

A.sheepB.horseC.pigD.bird

()17.Thedoctortoldmetoeatmorehealthyfoodsuchas______.(★★)

A.appleB.vegetablesC.icecreamD.hamburgers

()18.Theseare______houses,theyarebeautifulandclean.(★★★)

A.WangandmyuncleB.theWang’sandmyuncle’s

C.theWangs’andmyuncle

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