动词的分类学案.docx
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动词的分类学案
高三语法复习专题
动词的分类
一、连系动词类
连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种:
1.变化类表事物发展变化的过程,如become, go,turn,grow,get,fall等。
2.感觉类表人体部位的感受,如feel,smell,taste,look,sound等。
3.状态类表事物所处的状态,如keep,remain,come,run,stand,lie,stay,prove等。
4.外表特征类表外表给人的印象,如appear,seem,look等。
连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。
注:
除了少数几个(如feel,get,become,grow等)外,不用于进行时态和被动结构。
例如:
Themeatistastedterrible.()
Themeattastesterrible()
Jimpretendedtobefallingasleepwhenhismothercamein.()
Jimpretendedtofall/beasleepwhenhismothercamein.()
I'mfeelingmuchbetterthaneverbefore.()
Itwasgettingdarkeranddarker. Besides,acoldrainbegantofall.()
【典例分析】
(1)---Doyoulikethematerial?
---Yes,it____verysoft.
A.isfeeling B.felt C.feels D.isfelt
辨析:
对于动词feel、tear、write等一些动词,如果表示物体本身材料特征,用主动表被动。
所以答案选C
(2)Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridge?
——Itwill____freshforseveraldays.A.bestayed B.stay C.bestaying D.havestayed
辨析:
stay是作系动词来用,表示事物状态。
所以答案选B
(3)Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain____astheplanewasmakingalanding. A.seat B.seating C.seated D.tobeseating
注:
remaindoing/renmaintobedone/remain+形容词
(4)Happybirthday,Alice.Soyouhave____twenty-onealready.
A.become B.turned C.grownD.passed
(5)Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyoucan'thavetimeto____beforetheparty.
A.getchanged B.getchange C.getchanging D.gettochange
(6)0nhearingthenewsoftheaccidentinthecoalmine,she____pale.(04湖北卷)A.got B.changed C.went D.appeared
(7)Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature. A.tosmell B.smelling C.smelt D.tobesmelt
(8)Ilovetogototheseasideinsummer.It____goodtolieinthesunorswimin
thecoolsea.A.does B.feels C.gets D.makes
二、感官动词类
常考的感官动词有see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,find,catch等。
感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语,表达不同的含义。
1.后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。
(被动式:
beseentodosth)
Ioftenheardthesong(tobe)sung,butIhaveneverheardyousingit.
Whenyougotowatchthefootballmatch,youwillenjoyseeingtheChinesefootballteamwin.
2.后接V-ing形式表正在进行的动作。
(被动式:
beseendoingsth)
Seeingthesunrisingabovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.
Hearingthis,Ifeltmyheartbeatingfast.
3.后接V-ed形式表被动意义。
Afterhisreturntwentyyearslater,hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.
AlthoughIhadlearntsomeEnglish,Ihadneverheardawordofitspoken.
【典例分析】
(1)Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.
A.carryout B.carryingout C.carriedout D.tocarryout
(2)Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound____inthekitchen.
A.smoke B.smoking C.tosmoke D.smoked
(3)Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriver.
A.playing B.tobeplaying C.play D.toplay
(4)Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlwhowascaught____andletheroff.
A.tohavestolen B.tobestealing C.tosteal D.stealing(key:
CBAD)
三、使役动词类
表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词,如make,let,have,keep,leave,set,send等。
使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语,分以下三种情况:
1)make,let,have等后接不带to的不定式,(make/let/havesbdo)表“使/让某人/某物做某事”(get/leave/setsbtodo)
Don'tmakehimdoitifhedoesn'twantto.
_________________________________________________________如果你有任何问题,请让我知道。
注:
在被动结构中不定式须带to,但是have不用于被动结构中.
Hewasmadetoapologizetotheguest.
______________________________________________________今天早上我被叫去整理自己的房间。
2)have/keep/leave/send/set/getsbdoing表持续性动作。
Whydoyouhavehimworryingabouthislessons?
_____________________________________________________________我很抱歉让你等了这么久。
3)have,keep,leave等后接V-ed形式,表被动含义。
(have/get/leave/makesthdone)
(make/keepsbdone)让某人做某事
You'dbetterhaveyourteeth___________(pull)out.你最好请人将你的牙齿拔掉。
Hisactionsmadehimuniversallyrespected.
____________________________________________________________________我一有消息就会通报你
【典例分析】
(1)Don'tleavethewater_____whileyoubrushyourteeth.
A.run B.running C.beingrun D.torun
(2)Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirchildren'sactionsagainstthelawsget
Parent______.A.worried B.toworry C.worrying D.worry
(3)Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire____allnight.
A.toburn B.burn C.burning D.burned
(4)---Goodmorning,canIhelpyou?
---I'dliketohavethispackage____,madam.
A.beweighed B.weighingC.weighed D.toweigh
(5)Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn'tmakehimself____.
A.hear B.tohear C.hearing D.heard
(6)Asyouhaveneverbeentherebefore, I'llhavesomeone____youtheway.
A.show B.toshow C.showing D.showed
(7)Pauldoesn'thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.
A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning
(8)Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad____went
wrong.A.it B.itrepaired C.repaired D.toberepaired
(Key:
BCCC DABC)
四、含情感色彩的动词
这类动词有excite,inspire(鼓舞,启示),encourage,interest,satisfy,delight,please,move,frighten,surprise,amaze,astonish(使惊讶),shock,worry,disappoint,discourage,exhaust(使筋疲力尽),puzzle(使困惑),terrify,tire,bore等。
注:
V+ing表“某事令人…”,主语是物V+ed表“人的情感…”,主语是人
Thestorywassomovingthateveryonewasmovedtotears.
Climbingahillwastiringandweweretiredwhenwereached、
_____________________________________________________________________________________
当他听到这个令人兴奋的消息时,他非常兴奋。
【典例分析】
(1)Nickislookingforanotherjobbecausehefeelsthatnothinghedoes____hisboss.
A.serves B.satisfies C.promises D.supports
(2)---I'mvery____withmyowncooking. Itlooksnicesmellsdelicious.
---Mm,itdoeshavea____smell.
A.pleasant;pleased B.pleased;pleasedC.pleasant;pleasant D.pleased;pleasant
辨析:
be pleased withsth是某人对某事某物觉得满意,觉得很开心; pleasant是指某物属性另人觉得很舒心,通常做定语。
pleasing一般做表语.pleasure(n)with~Itismy~
(3)Mr.Smithwas____ofthe____speech,sostartedtoreadanovel.
A.tired;boring B.tiring;boredC.tired;bored D.tiring;boring
(4)Itisbelievedthatifabookis____,itwillsurely____thereader.
A.interested;interest B.interesting;beinterested
C.interested;beinteresting D.interesting;interest(Key:
BDAD)
五、后接不定式动词类
Afford(担负得起),agree,choose,determine(决定),expect,decide,learn,offer,mange(管理),hope,want,wish,promise,refuse,fail,pretend(假装),happen,love等动词
____________________________________________________他有能力购买那个有个大花园的房子。
______________________________________________________他已经决定去上那所远离家的大学
【典例分析】
(1)Weagreed_____herebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.
A.havingmet B.meeting C.tomeet D.tohavemet
(2)LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.
A.tobetaken B.totake C.beingtaken D.taking
(3)Idon'tknowwhetheryouhappen_,butI'mgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember.
A.tobeheard B.tobehearingC.tohear D.tohaveheard
(4)Shepretended_______mewhenIpassedby.
A.nottosee B.notseeingC.tonotsee D.havingnotseen
(5)Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth. Sheappears____everything.
A.totell B.tobetoldC.tobetelling D.tohavebeentold(Key:
CADAD)
六、后接V-ing形式动词类
该类动词常考的有appreciate(赏识,感激),avoid,bear,consider(认为,考虑),dislike,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,hate,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,postpone(推迟),resist,risk,stand,suggest等。
____________________________________________________你有没有考虑对你的计划做一些修改
__________________________________________________如果你想改善你的口语就应该多练习讲
【典例分析】
(1)Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneed.
A.topersuade B.persuading C.beingpersuaded D.bepersuaded
辨析:
can’thelpdoingsth禁不住做某事persuadesbtodo/persuadesbintodoing
(2)Hehasalwaysinsistedonhis____Dr.turnerinsteadofMr.Turner.
A.beencalled B.calledC.beingcalled D.havingcalled
辨析:
insistondoingsth坚持做某事/强调做某事
(3)Ireallyappreciate____torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.
A.tohavehadtime B.havingtime C.tohavetime D.tohavingtime
(4)Doyoumind_aloneathome?
(mindsbdoingsth)
A.Janeleaving B.JanehavingleftC.Jane'sbeingleft D.Janetobeleft
(5)IcanhardlyimaginePeter____acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.
A.sail B.tosail C.sailing D. tohavesailed(Key:
BCBCC)
七、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类
remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop,goon,can'thelp.见下表:
+ing+todo
Remember记得做过某事记得去做某事
forget忘记以前曾做过某事 忘记做某事
regret对做过的事表示后悔 对要做的事表示遗憾
try尝试做某事 努力做某事
mean意味着做某事 企图(打算)做某事
can'thelp禁不住做某事 不能帮助做某事
goon继续做未完成的事情 做完一件事后,接着做另一件事
stop中断正在做的事情中断正在做的事去做别的事
例如:
Irememberbeingpaid,butI'veforgottentheexactamount.
Pleaseremembertosendmeaphotoofyoursonthenexttimeyouwritetome.
Idon'treallymeantoworkhere,whichmeansleavingthejobsoon
_____________________________________________________________________
【典例分析】
1)---Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.
A.turningitoff B.turnitoffC.toturnitoff D.havingturneditoff
turnon_________________turnup____________________turndown____________________
2)Shecan'thelp_____thehousebecauseshe'sbusymakingacake.
A.toclean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.beingcleaned
3)---1usuallygotherebytrain.---Whynot_____byboatforachange?
A.totrygoing B.tryingtogoC.totryandgo D.trygoing
4)---Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.
---Don'tyouremember_methestoryyesterday?
A.told B.telling C.totell D.tohavetold
(5)