中国古代瓷器对外贸易对西方的影响及当代启示.docx

中国古代瓷器对外贸易对西方的影响及当代启示.docx

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中国古代瓷器对外贸易对西方的影响及当代启示

Acknowledgements

Thanksforgivingmethisopportunitytoaccomplishthispaperandmaketheidealconclusionformyfouryear’seducation.Ihaveobtainedmorethanbeforethroughwritingthispaper.

Ideeplyappreciatethehelpofmysupervisor,Mr.Lei,whowidentherangeofmythinking.

Besides,Ialsowanttogivemysincerethankstootherteachersandmyclassmateswhogavememuchhelp.

Abstract

Chineseancientporcelainsforeigntradewithnearlyonethousandyearshadgreatimpactsonthewest.Itchangedtheoriginaltablewareofthewestern,whichwasmadeofglass,goldandsilver,andpromotedtheformationofthestyleof“Rococo”and“thedecorationofPompadour”.ItalsoenrichedtheformintheexpressionofreligiousconnotationandspiritualbeliefandstimulatedeconomicdevelopmentinWesternEuropeandLatinAmerica.Andporcelainsbecamethesymbolofpoliticalcivilizationinmanywesterncountries.Nowadays,thestrategyof“theBeltandRoad”isinexecution,andChineseshouldenergeticallyimprovetheabilityofinnovationandcloselyfocusonthechangesofmarketdemandinexteriorareas.Inaddition,ChineseshouldtakegreateffortsintotheconstructionofinternationalcommercialenvironmentwithharmonyfortheforeigntradeofChina.

KeyWords:

ancientporcelains;foreigntrade;impacts;enlightenment

摘要

历经千年的中国古代瓷器对外贸易在西方世界产生了巨大影响。

在生活上，瓷器替代了西方民众原先以玻璃和金银为主的饮食器具；在艺术上，促成了西方的“洛可可”风格和“蓬巴杜装饰”；在宗教信仰上，使得西方民众表达宗教内涵和精神信仰的形式更为丰富；在经济上，带动了西欧和拉美地区的经济发展；在政治上，瓷器成为很多西方国家政治文明的象征。

当前我国正在实施“一带一路”战略，我们应大力提升创新能力，在产品的制造过程中密切关注外部市场的需求变化，为我国对外贸易努力营造和谐的国际贸易环境。

关键词：

古代瓷器；对外贸易；影响；启示

Contents

TOC\o"1-2"\h\z\u1.Introduction1

2.TheOutlineofChineseAncientPorcelainsForeignTrade3

2.1TheBackgroundoftheAncientPorcelainsForeignTrade3

2.2TheRepresentativePeriodsofAncientPorcelainsForeignTrade4

2.3ThePorcelainCulturebehindAncientPorcelainsForeignTrade6

3.TheImpactsofChineseAncientPorcelainsForeignTradeontheWest7

3.1OnPolitics7

3.2OnEconomy7

3.3OnArt8

3.4OnPeople’sLivelihood9

3.5OnReligiousBelief10

4.TheContemporaryEnlightenmentofChineseAncientPorcelainsForeignTrade11

4.1TheSpiritofInnovationandtheHighQualityinExportProducts11

4.2TheMarketDemandandtheApplicabilityofExportProducts12

4.3TheHarmoniousRelationshipandtheStabilityinExternalEnvironment13

5.Conclusion14

Bibliography16

TheImpactsofChineseAncientPorcelainsForeignTradeontheWestandtheContemporaryEnlightenment

1.Introduction

AsoneoftheChinesenation’sgreatcreations,porcelainswereviewedasthevitalproductwhichrevealedmaterialandspiritualcivilizationsofhumanbeingsbypopulaceinexteriorareas.Withthedistinctiveporcelainculture,ChineseancientporcelainsforeigntradehadvariousinfluencesonthehumansocietythroughlonghistoryfromtheTangDynastytothebeginningoftheQingDynasty.Nowadays,Chineseforeigntradegraduallybecamethemainforceofcompetitionintheinternationalmarket, fortherapidgrowthofeconomyandtheenhancementofnationalpower.Inaddition,theinitiativeof“theBeltandRoad”isinexecution.Basingonthesetwocurrentsituations,therewillbesomerealisticmeaningtowardsChinesestudyingtheimpactsofancientporcelainsforeigntradeonthewestandexploringthewayinwhichwouldbetterdevelopexternaltradeatpresent.Inaway,“theBeltandRoad”isanextensionoftheSilkRoad,throughwherevariousancientproductswereexported.Exceptforthesilk,thenumberofexportedporcelainscouldrankfirstamongallthetransportedproducts.Furthermore,theinfluenceswhichancientporcelainsbroughtwererelativelymoreprofoundthanthatofthesilkbrought.Forexample,theword“China”originallyreferredtotheancientporcelains,anditwaseventuallyusedtoserveasthenameofonecountrywhichinitiallymadeporcelainsinpacewiththedeeperacquaintanceofforeignerstowardporcelains.ThereisalsothesignificantenlightenmenttowardsChinesestudyingtheprocessandexternalimpactsofancientporcelainsforeigntradetoexploretheessentialreasonwhyitcouldcontinuallygooninthepastonethousandyearsandthencomeupwithsomemeaningfulmeasuresinthewelldevelopmentofChineseexternaltrade.

Uptonow,manyscholarshaddonesomeresearchinforeigntradeandculturalexchangeofporcelainsandachievedparticularfruit,whichcanbedividedintotwomaincategories:

oneisthestudiesonculturalexchangeofporcelainsbasingontheoutlineofporcelaintradewithdifferentperiods,andtheotheristhestudiesontheexternalimpactsofspecificporcelainsorporcelainswithparticularperiod.Inthefirstcategory,thescholarlikeXiaoJunmainlystudiedIslamicculturalelementsinChineseporcelain.Accordingtohisstudy,someelementsaboutexoticculturewerepreservedinChineseporcelainstodifferentdegreesoutoftheneedofhavingcommercialexchange,andIslamicculturalelementswhichweremanifestedinporcelainsweremostoutstanding（75）.AndtwomorescholarslikeWuYanchunandZhouHongmainlystudiedtheeconomicandculturalexchangebetweenChinaandForeigncountriesbasingonChineseporcelainsforeigntrade.Throughlistingouthistoricalfactaboutancientporcelainsforeigntradewithdifferentperiods,theyshowedthatculturesathomeandabroadcouldintegratetogetherandlearnfromeachother.Accordingtotheirstudy,Chineseporcelainsnotonlytransmittedmagicalorientalism,butalsoassimilatedhelpfulelementsofforeignculture,anditaffectedPorcelainabroadexceptforstimulatingnativeeconomy（42）.Inanothercategory,thescholarlikeLiMengzhimainlystudiedtheimpactsofChineseporcelainsintheMingandQingDynastiesonEurope.Accordingtoherstudy,duringtheperiodofMingandQingDynasties,ChineseporcelainsmadegreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofEuropeancultureandthebuiltofPorcelainwhentheyweremassivelyexportedthere（53）.AnotherscholarlikeChenDairumainlystudiedtheimpactsofChinesewhiteporcelainsinDehuaonothercountriesoftheworld.Accordingtoherstudy,asthetreasureofChinesetraditionalculture,ChinesewhiteporcelainsinDehuagreatlypromotedtheprogressofmaterialandculturallifeinothercountriesasthesignificantcarrierofChinesecivilization,exceptformakingmuchcontributiontonativeeconomyandcultureasthetreasureofChinesetraditionalculture（141）.

AlthoughthosetwocategoriesaboveinvolvedthestudiesonChineseancientporcelainsforeigntrade,thereisneitherthesystematicresearchontheimpactsofChineseporcelainsforeigntradeonthewestnorthatoncontemporaryenlightenmentaboutChineseexternalpolicies.Basingonthesituation,thispaperwouldbebettergoeson.Especiallyundertoday’sexternalcircumstance,itisnecessarytostudytheimpactsofChineseancientporcelainsforeigntradeonthewestandthecontemporaryenlightenment.

Inthispaper,themaincontentscanbedividedintothreeparts.Thefirstoneisabouttheoutlineofancientporcelainsforeigntrade,thesecondoneistheimpactsofancientporcelainsforeigntradeonthewest,andthelastoneisthecontemporaryenlightenmentofancientporcelainsforeigntrade.Inaddition,inthispaper,thesenseofthewestwhichwasmentionedinthispaperexceptforthefourthpartgenerallyreferstoanyareaswesttotoday’sChina,includingCentralAsia,WestAsia,SouthAsiaandEastAfrica.

2.TheOutlineofChineseAncientPorcelainsForeignTrade

Asanancientcountrywithlargepopulationtogetherwithprofoundhistory,Chineseforeigntradestartedsoearly.Chinainitiallymadetheancientporcelainsintheworld.AncientporcelainswereextremelysignificantinitsforeigntradeasthesymbolofChinesecivilization.OwningtothefactthatporcelainsthemselvesarethereflectionofChinesetraditionalculture,forwestern,ancientporcelainsforeigntradecanberegardedasoneoftheimportantavenuesinthecomprehensionandacquirementofhumanspiritualculture.DuringonethousandyearsorsofromtheSuiandTangDynastiestotheMingandQingDynasties,ChineseancientporcelainswereconstantlyexportedtotheexteriorareasviatheLandSilkRoadandtheMaritimeSilkRoad.

2.1TheBackgroundoftheAncientPorcelainsForeignTrade

Chineseancientporcelainsforeigntradehadanage-oldhistory.OurancientporcelainshadbeentransportedtocentralAsiatogetherwithwestAsiaviatheLandSilkRoadsincetheTangDynasty.Infact,theTangDynastywasrelativelyexoteric,whichmadeitsrelationshipwithexteriorareasbecomecloser.AsthedistinctivecreativityofChinesecivilizationandthefruitofintelligencefromancientpeople,ancientporcelainswereviewedasthetreasurebyexteriorpopulace.Atthattime,exceptthatagreatamountofsilkwasexportedabroad,thenumberofexportedChineseporcelainsweregraduallyincreasinginpacewiththeprogressofChineseporcelainstechnology.EspeciallydependingontheinvisibledrivingforceoftheSilkRoadandthegrowthofsoutherneconomyofthetime,thereformedafundamentalconditionforbenefitingourancientporcelainsforeigntrade.WhileuptothelaterTangDynasty,therewasfrequentunrestintheLandSilkRoad,thetransportationaccordinglybecameextremelyunsafe.Inpacewiththeimprovementofancientshipbuildingtechnologyaswellasseamanship,theMaritimeSilkRoadaroseinthemiddleoftheeighthcentury（WuandZhou41）.Owningtotheintermittentcommercebasedupontheunrest,themarinetradebecameincreasinglyfrequentandtheseatransportationconvenientinconsiderationofsecurityandeconomy.Fromthenon,Chineseancientporcelains