单元达标测评.docx
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单元达标测评
单元达标测评
(满分:
120分;时间:
100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
ElephantConservation
Country:
Thailand
Thisisaworkingvacationatawildlifecentre.Anyonecanbecomeavolunteerifhe/sheagreestohelptheelephantkeeperswithtasks.
Dailytasks
Collecttheelephantsat6:
30a.m.Takethemtolookforfoodintheforest.Cleantheenclosure.Swimwiththeelephantsinthelakeintheafternoon.Ifvolunteerswanttorelaxafterwork,theycanwatchsatellitetelevision.
Howthisvacationhelps
Iftheseelephantshadn'tbeenrescued,theywouldstillbelivingonthestreetsofBangkok.Aruralenvironmentismuchbetterforthemthananurbanenvironmentwherethereislotsofpollution.
GorillaSafari
Countries:
Kenya,Rwanda,Uganda
Departures:
Aug.—Dec.,2—3departurespermonth
Extras:
gorillapermit£220
Ifyou'relucky,you'llseelions,elephantsandrhinosonsafari.Thehighlightofthetripistheopportunitytoseegorillasinthemountainforests.However,youmustbeingoodhealth—ifagorillacaughtacold,itwouldbeextremelyharmfultoitswholefamily.
Howthisvacationhelps
Thereareonlyabout600mountaingorillasleftintheworldashumanactivityhasreducedtheareawheretheycanlive.Whenyoubuyapermit,thiswillpayfortheprotectionofthenationalpark.
PolarBearWatching
Country:
Canada
Departures:
sixtytripsbetweenOct.1—Nov.19
EveryOctoberandNovember,groupsofpolarbearsgatherinHudsonBay.Astheyarenormallylonelycreatures,thisisunusual.Thebearswaitfortheoceantofreezesotheycanhuntseals,sothisistheperfectopportunitytoseethem.
Howthisvacationhelps
IftheArcticicecapmeltsduetoglobalwarming,polarbearswillbeindanger.WegiveashareofourprofitstothePolarBearsAliveCharity.
Yourcomment
Theseawesomebearsgetalltheliquidtheyneedfromtheirfood.
1.Whatwillanelephantvolunteerdo?
A.Takefoodforelephantsat6:
30a.m.
B.Sweepthehousesofelephants.
C.Washelephantsinthelakeintheafternoon.
D.Watchsatellitetelevisiononelephants.
2.WhatdoweknowaboutGorillaSafari?
A.YoucanfindgorillasinKenyaandCanada.
B.Youmightgetacoldinthemountainforests.
C.Visitorsneedtopay$220tosee600gorillas.
D.Thereareabout10tripstovisitgorillas.
3.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?
A.Bearsdon'tneedtodrinkwater.
B.Bearsstoretheirliquidintheirfood.
C.Bearsdrinkallkindsofliquid.
D.Bearseatmainlyliquidfood.
4.Theaimoftheseactivitiesistohelp .
A.solvetheproblemofglobalwarming
B.protectwildanimals
C.dealwiththepollutionincities
D.buildmorenationalparks
B
Onthedaywhenthetornadohit,therewasnoindicationthatsevereweatherwasonitsway—theskywasblueandthesunhadbeenout.Thefirstwarningmyhusband,JimmyandIgotcamearound9pm,fromsomescrollingtextontheTVJimmywaswatching.
Nosoonerhadwefoundcoverageofthetornadothanitwasontopofus.Ididn'tknowhoworifwewouldwalkdownthesteps.Itfeltasiftherewerenofloorunderneathmeasthewindliftedmeoffmyfeet.Igrippedthebanister(楼梯扶手)andtriedtomoveforward,butthisintensepressureheldmeinplace.Inthosesecondsofpracticalstillness,Icouldheareverythingaroundmerattling.
Wegotclosetothestairlandingonlytoheartheloudrippingsoundofourgaragedoorcomingoff.
BythetimeIreachedthecloset,thetornadohadbeenoverusforaboutaminute.Jimmypushedmedowntotheclosetfloor,buthecouldn'tgethimselfinsidebecauseofthewind.IheldJimmy'sarmtightlyasthetornadosuckedthedooropen—weneverdidgetitfullyshut—andtriedtobringJimmyin.Mykneesandheadwerefullofglass,butatthatmoment,Ifeltnopain.IfIhadletgo,Jimmywouldhaveflownrightoutthebackofthehouseandintothebay.
“Holdon!
Holdon!
”heyelled.Buttherewasnothinginthisclosettoholdonto.Allofasudden,Jimmyliftedoffhisfeetlikepeopleintornadoesdointhemovies.Ithoughthewasgone.Andtheneverythingstopped.Helandedonhisfeet.Inthosefirstquietmoments,Icouldn'tbelieveitwasover.Jimmysaidhe'dgooutsidetocheck.“No,”Isaid.“Don'tleaveme.Don'tleaveme.”
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coverage”inParagraph2mean?
A.Damage.B.Report.
C.Arrival.D.Delay.
6.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,whydidtheauthorfeelnopain?
A.Becauseshewastooeagertohelpherhusbandtofeelit.
B.Becauseshewasfrozeninamazement.
C.Becauseshewasheldentirelybythepowerofthetornado.
D.Becauseshewasfrightenedofthedamagecausedbythedisaster.
7.Whichwordscanbeusedtodescribethefeelingoftheauthorduringthedisaster?
A.Scared,surprisedbutcalm.
B.Surprised,terrifiedbutdetermined.
C.Astonished,confusedandmoved.
D.Amazed,determinedandgrateful.
C
ScientistsinvestigatedwhytheEbolavirusissodeadlywhenitspreadsfromanimalstohumansandthenbyhuman-to-humancontact.TheresearchteamlookedattheZaireEbolavirusinananimalsystemtounderstandhowitgainedstrength.ThisvirusisresponsibleforthecurrentoutbreakinWestAfrica.Theyfoundthatinitially(最初)theanimalsystemswerenotaffectedbythevirus,butsucceedingtransmission(传播)intootheranimalscausedthevirusto“hotup”andbecomemoresevere.
Theteamanalyzedthevirusesatdifferentstagesandwereabletoidentifyseveralchangesinitsgeneticmaterialthatwereassociatedwithincreaseddisease.
ProfessorJulianHiscox,wholedthestudyfromLiverpoolUniversity'sInstituteofInfectionandGlobalHealth,explained,“TheworktellsusthattheevolutionarygoaloftheEbolavirusistobecomemorefatal.”
“Wewereabletoshowthroughgeneticanalysiswhichpartsofthevirusareinvolvedinthisprocess.Theinformationwehavegatheredwillallowustomonitorsuchchangesinanoutbreakaswellasdevelopfuturetreatmentstrategies.”
ProfessorRogerHewson,leadingthestudyfromPublicHealthEngland,PortonDown,said,“TheEbolavirusissuchadestructiveinfectiontothepeopleaffectedbythediseaseandtheeconomyofWestAfrica.”
“OurunderstandingoftheEbolavirusbiologyiswaybehindthatofothervirusesandourcooperationshowshowwecangetourspecialists'skillstogethertoclosethisknowledgegap.”
ProfessorMilesCarroll,aco-authorofthework,said,“ThisstudyhasallowedtheteamtobeattheforefrontofdevelopingmethodologiestoanalyzepatientsamplesrecentlytakenbytheEuropeanMobileLaboratoryfromWestAfricatounderstanddiseaseevolutionduringthecurrentoutbreak.”
8.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytellus?
A.HowseveretheEbolavirusis.
B.HowtheEbolavirusspreads.
C.HowtheEbolavirusgraduallybecomesdeadly.
D.WhatcontributionsscientistshavemadeontheEbolavirus.
9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsismentionedinthepassage?
A.Inthefirststage,thevirushurtsitsvictimsmuch.
B.Asthevirusspreads,it'llchangeandbecomemoreandmoredeadly.
C.TheresearchontheEbolavirusismoreadvancedthanthatonotherviruses.
D.ThescientistshaveanegativeattitudetotheresearchontheEbolavirus.
10.Theunderlinedword“fatal”hastheclosestmeaningto .
A.optimisticB.deadly
C.commonD.fantastic
11.Wherecanweprobablyreadthispassage?
A.Inasciencereport.B.Inastorybook.
C.Inanadvertisement.D.Inatextbook.
D
TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculturehasaprogramcalledWildlifeServices.Itsjobistohelpprotectagriculturalandotherresources.Oftenthatmeanshelpingfarmersdealwithunwelcomevisitors.Thisorganizationhasexpertsfromdifferentfieldsandithassetupthousandsofinquirycentersalloverthecountrywherefarmerscanexplaintheirdifficultiesandgetpracticalhelp.
OneexamplefromWildlifeServicesofitsworkinvolvedafarmerinWashingtonStateinthePacificNorthwest.Severalyearsago,thousandsofCanadageeselandedonhisfields.Thegeesebegantoeathiscarrotcrop.Biologistsfromtheprogramsuggestedthatthefarmerusenoise-makingdevicesandothermeasurestoscarethelargebirdsaway.Theseeffortssucceeded,whichmadethefarmerquitehappy.WildlifeServicesalsohasalivestockprotectionprogram.Theprogramjustofferssuggestionstokeepthoseunwelcomevisitorsawayinsteadofkillingthem.TheWildlifeServicesprogramispartoftheAnimalandPlantHealthInspectionService,orAPHIS.APHISofferssomesuggestionsforwaystokeeppredatorsaway.Forexample,trytokeepfoodandwatersafefromwildlife.Fencesmayhelpkeepoutwolves,especiallyifthefencesareatleasttwometershigh.
Expertssuggestprovidingsecureshelterforchickens,sheepandotheranimalsthatcouldbeattacked.Theyalsosuggestusinglightsaboveplaceswheretheseanimalsarekept.Andtheyadvisepeoplewhoseewolvestochasethemawaybyshouting,makingloudnoisesorthrowingrocks.Andtoprotectlivestock,considerusingguardanimalssuchasdogsanddonkeys,whichareveryeffective.
Forhomegardeners,atwo-meterfencemighthelpkeepoutdeer.Tokeepoutrabbits,awirefencehastobeonlyaboutahalf-meterhigh.Itshouldextendfifteencentimetersundergroundtokeeprabbitsfromdiggingunderit.Ifsnakesareaproblem,removedeadtreesandcuthighgrasstodestroytheirhidingplaces.Duetoitseffectivework,eversinceWildlifeServiceswasstarted,ithasbeenwellreceivedbyfarmersallovertheStatesandneighboringcountriessuchasCanadaandMexico.
12.WhatdoesWildlifeServicesintendtohelpfarmershandle?
A.Animalsthatattackfarmers.
B.Peoplewhopollutethefarmland.
C.Peoplewhodon'tcareaboutwil