大学英语四级真题含答案.docx

大学英语四级真题含答案.docx

《大学英语四级真题含答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大学英语四级真题含答案.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

大学英语四级真题含答案

2001年6月大学英语四级（CET-4）真题试卷

PartIIReadingComprehension（35minutes）

PassageOne

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

PeoplelivingonpartsofthesouthcoastofEnglandfaceaseriousproblem.In1993,theownersofalargehotelandofseveralhousesdiscovered,totheirhorror,thattheirgardenshaddisappearedovernight.Theseahadeatenintothesoftlimestonecliffsonwhichtheyhadbeenbuilt.Whileexpertswerestudyingtheproblem,thehotelandseveralhousesdisappearedaltogether,slidingdownthecliffandintothesea.

Erosion（侵蚀）ofthewhitecliffsalongthesouthcoastofEnglandhasalwaysbeenaproblembutithasbecomemoreseriousinrecentyears.Dozensofhomeshavehadtobeabandonedastheseahascreptfartherandfartherinland.Expertshavestudiedtheareasmostaffectedandhavedrawnupamapforlocalpeople,forecastingtheyearinwhichtheirhomeswillbeswallowedupbythehungrysea.

AngryownershavecalledontheGovernmenttoerectseadefensestoprotecttheirhomes.Governmentsurveyorshavepointedoutthatinmostcases,thisisimpossible.Newseawallswouldcosthundredsofmillionsofpoundsandwouldmerelymakethewavesandcurrentsgofurtheralongthecoast,shiftingtheproblemfromoneareatoanother.Thedangerislikelytocontinue,theysay,untilthewavesreachaninlandareaofhardrockwhichwillnotbeeatenaslimestoneis.Meanwhile,ifyouwanttobuyacheaphousewithanuncertainfuture,applytoahouseagentinoneofthethreatenedareasonthesouthcoastofEngland.Youcangetahouseforaknockdownpricebutitmayturnouttobeaknockdownhome.

11.WhatisthecauseoftheproblemthatpeoplelivingonpartsofthesouthcoastofEnglandface?

A）Thedisappearanceofhotels,housesandgardens.

B）Theexperts’lackofknowledge.

C）Therisingofthesealevel.

D）Thewashing-awayoflimestonecliffs.

12.TheerosionofthewhitecliffsinthesouthofEngland________.

A）willsoonbecomeaproblemforpeoplelivingincentralEngland

B）hasnowbecomeathreattothelocalresidents

C）isquicklychangingthemapofEngland

D）canbestoppedifpropermeasuresaretaken

13.Theexperts’studyontheproblemoferosioncan________.

A）leadtoitseventualsolution

B）provideaneffectivewaytoslowitdown

C）helptopreventitfromworsening

D）warnpeoplewhosehomesareindanger

14.Itisnotfeasibletobuildseadefensestoprotectagainsterosionbecause________.

A）itistoocostlyandwillendangerneighbouringareas

B）thegovernmentistooslowintakingaction

C）theywillbeeasilyknockeddownbywavesandcurrents

D）houseagentsalongthecoastdonotsupporttheidea

15.Accordingtotheauthor,whenbuyingahousealongthesouthcoastofEngland,peopleshould________.

A）beawareofthepotentialdangerinvolved

B）guardagainstbeingcheatedbythehouseagent

C）takethequalityofthehouseintoconsideration

D）examinethehousecarefullybeforemakingadecision

PassageTwo

Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountofanxietyorstressforyoungathletes（运动员）.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.

Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningabutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflaw（缺陷）inthemselves.

Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday’syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagame,manyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters’performances.Positivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.

16.Aneffectivewaytopreventtheburnoutofyoungathletesis________.

A）tomakesportslesscompetitive

B）tomakesportsmorechallenging

C）toreducetheirmentalstress

D）toincreasetheirsenseofsuccess

17.Accordingtothepassagesportispositiveforyoungpeopleinthat________.

A）itcanhelpthemlearnmoreaboutsociety

B）itteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselves

C）itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselves

D）itcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiences

18.Manycoachesandparentsareinthehabitofcriticizingyoungathletes________.

A）withoutrealizingcriticismmaydestroytheirselfconfidence

B）inordertomakethemrememberlife’slessons

C）believingthatcriticismisbeneficialfortheirearlydevelopment

D）soastoputmorepressureonthem

19.Accordingtothepassageparentsandcoachesshould________.

A）helpchildrentowineverygame

B）paymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysports

C）enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsports

D）trainchildrentocopewithstress

10.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageis________.

A）topersuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticism

B）tostresstheimportanceofpositivereinforcementtochildren

C）todiscusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragement

D）toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnout

PassageThree

Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughts（干旱）arecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas,andindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies.Sincetheworld’populationisexpectedtodoubleinthenext50years,manyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis.

Butthatdoesn’thavetobetheoutcome.Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld—ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrises,todaywemuststartlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective.Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant.

Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalue.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts.

Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways.Forexample,oftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigation（灌溉）waterinthedrytropicsisthroughsmall-scaleprojects,suchasgatheringrainfallindepressions（凹地）andpumpingittonearbycropland.

Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficiently,theymustchangetheirinstitutionalandlegalapproachestowatersue.Ratherthanspreadcontrolamonghundredsoreventhousandsoflocal,regional,andnationalagenciesthatwatchvariousaspectsofwateruse,countriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy.

21.Whatistherealcauseofthepotentialwatercrisis?

A）Theworldpopulationisincreasingfasterandfaster.

B）Halfoftheworld’swaterresourceshavebeenseriouslypolluted.

C）Humanityhasnotplacedsufficientvalueonwaterresources.

D）Onlyhalfoftheworld’swatercanbeused.

22.Asindicatedinthepassage,thewaterproblem________.

A）hasbeenexaggeratedbysomeexpertsinthefield

B）isunderestimatedbygovernmentorganizationsatdifferentlevels

C）posesachallengetothetechnologyofbuildingreservoirs

D）isalreadyseriousincertainpartsoftheworld

23.Accordingtotheauthor,thewaterpriceshould________.

A）correspondtoitsrealvalue

B）bereducedtotheminimum

C）stimulatedomesticdemand

D）takeintoaccounttheoccurrencesofdroughts

24.Theauthorsaysthatinsomehotanddryareasitisadvisableto________.

A）buildbiglakestostorewater

B）constructbigpumpingstations

C）channelwaterfromnearbyriverstocropland

D）buildsmallandcheapirrigationsystems

25.Inordertoraisetheefficiencyofthewatersupply,measuresshouldbetakento________.

A）centralizethemanagementofwaterresources

B）increasethesenseofresponsibilityofagenciesatalllevels

C）guaranteefullprotectionoftheenvironment

D）encouragelocalandregionalcontrolofwaterresources

PassageFour

Wecanseehowtheproductlifecycleworksbylookingattheintroductionofinstantcoffee.Whenitwasintroduced,mostpeopledidnotlikeitaswellas“regular”coffee,andittookseveralyearstogaingeneralacceptance（introductionstage）.Atonepoint,though,instantcoffeegrewrapidlyinpopularity,andmanybrandswereintroduced（stageofrapidgrowth）.Afterawhile,peoplebecameattachedtoonebrandandsalesleveledoff（stageofmaturity）.Saleswentintoaslightdecline（衰退）whenfreeze-driedcoffeeswereintroduced（stageofdecline）.

Theimportanceoftheproductlifecycletomarketersisthis:

Differentstagesintheproductlifecyclecallfordifferentstrategies.Thegoa