Unit 18单元话题 语篇训练每单元3练.docx

Unit 18单元话题 语篇训练每单元3练.docx

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Unit18单元话题语篇训练每单元3练

Unit18单元话题·语篇训练（每单元3练）

课时练

（一）　阅读理解组块专练——练速度

（限时：

35分钟）

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

（2019·合肥质检）

TheatersofthePast

TheGreekTheater

TheatersdevelopedinmanypartsofGreece.AncientGreektheaterswerebuiltinnaturalopenairsitesonconvenientlyshapedhills.Thisallowedagreatmassofpeopletoenjoyashowatatime.Duetothis,actorsplacedemphasisonexaggerated（夸张的）actionandspeech.Andcolorfulsymbolicmasksandcostumeswereused.

TheMedievalTheater

TheMedievaltheaterstartedinchurches.That'swhymedievalplayswereaboutBiblestories.Atfirst,itbecameacustomforpriests（牧师）toactoutbriefscenesduringChristmasandEaster.Theseactsattractedlargecrowds.Finallythechurchrefusedtoallowprieststoparticipateinanysucheventsagain,soordinarypeoplebegantheseperformancesoutside.Performancesweresetinthetownsquare,withseveralstagesettingsaroundit.

TheElizabethanTheater

TheEngland'stheaterdevelopedrapidlyintheyearsfollowingthedefeatoftheSpanishArmada.ThedominantfeatureofElizabethantheaterwasthestage.Ithasthreeparts:

Theforestageforoutsidescenes;theinnerstageforscenesinsideabuilding;anupperstageorbalconyforvariouspurposes.Thereasonforthisdesignisthattherewerenoscenechanges,orbreaksduringtheplay.Verylittlescenerywasused,sotheactorshadtocreateascenethroughtheirvoicesanddialogues.Thisledtoamorepoeticscript,andpoetsbecamethemainsourceofscriptwriting.

TheRestorationTheater

Someoftheplaystoldsadstories,butthemajorityoftheplayswerereallyfunny.Manyspecializedmachineswereusedtocreatethescene.Thestagewasaverycleveridea,inthatonthesidesofthestagelargebackshutters（百叶窗）werepaintedwiththescene.

语篇解读：

本文主要介绍了几家过去的剧院。

1．WhywereancientGreektheatersbuiltonhills?

A．Toholdalargeaudience.

B．Tobuildabigandstrongstage.

C．Tohaveabettersoundeffect.

D．Toemphasizeexaggeratedperformances.

解析：

选A　细节理解题。

根据第一段第三句“Thisallowedagreatmassofpeopletoenjoyashowatatime”可知，希腊剧院依山而建是为了可以容纳大量的观众，故选A。

2．Inwhichtheatercouldactors'voicesandspeecheshelpcreatescenes?

A．TheGreekTheater.

B．TheMedievalTheater.

C．TheElizabethanTheater.

D．TheRestorationTheater.

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

根据第三段倒数第二句可知，在伊丽莎白一世时代的剧院里，演员们必须运用声音和对白才能够创造场景，故选C。

3．WhatisspecialabouttheRestorationTheater?

A．Colorfulmaskswereused.

B．Thestagewassmartlydesigned.

C．Mostofitsplaysweresorrowful.

D．Ordinarypeopleweretheperformers.

解析：

选B　细节理解题。

根据最后一段最后一句“Thestagewasaverycleveridea,inthatonthesidesofthestagelargebackshutters（百叶窗）werepaintedwiththescene”可知，王朝复辟时期的剧院的特别之处在于其巧妙的舞台设计，故选B。

B

（2019·昆明质检）MedhaGuptasometimesfeltworriedaboutmakingthe20minutewalkfromthecornerwheretheschoolbusdroppedherofftoherhomeinHerndon,Va.—especiallyduringthecoldermonthsinwinter.

Hermother,DivyaGuptahadasuggestion:

Writeanapp.Shewashalfkidding,butMedhatookthechallengeseriously.Soshewenttowork.

TheresultwasSafeTravel,anappdesignedbyMedhatohelpwalkersfeelmoresecurewhentheyaretravelingalone.UsingtheiPhone,apersoncanprogramittosendawarningtosomeoneheorshetrustsifheorshefailstoarriveatadestinationwithinacertaintime.

ItwasthefirstiOSappthatMedhahadcreated.Whileshedidn'tthinkmuchwouldcomefromtheproject,hereffortcaughttheeyeofjudgesfortheannualCongressionalAppChallenge,whoselectedherasthewinnerforVirginia's10thDistrict.

TheAppChallengeisdesignedtoencouragestudentstoconsidercareersinscience,technology,engineering,andmathbyexperimentingwithcodingandcomputerscience.WinningstudentsareinvitedtoattendareceptiononCapitolHillinAprilandalsoreceived＄250inAmazonWebServicescredits.

Medhasaidittookherabout40hourstodesign,programandtesttheapp.Asforhernextapp?

Medha'snotcertain.Shetemporarilyhasherappdevelopmentambitionson_holdbecauseshe'sbusyteachingherselfartificialintelligencetohelpdealwithimproperwordsonFacebook.Yes,sheknowsthatthereareteamsofengineersprobablydoingthesamething.Butshefiguresitcan'thurtherownpart,too.

“Ifweseesomethingwrongwiththeworld,weshoulddosomethingaboutit，”shesaid.“Afterall,theonlyonestoppingusfromdoingsomethingisourselves.”

语篇解读：

本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了MedhaGupta设计一款手机应用程序的故事。

4．WhydidMedhaGuptafeelworried?

A．Ittookalongtimetowalkhome.

B．Itwascolderthaneverinwinter.

C．Itwasunsafetowalkhomealone.

D．Itwasdifficulttowriteanapp.

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

根据首段的描述，以及第三段首句可知，Medha有时担心自己放学回家时的安全，因此她设计了应用程序SafeTravel，它可以使出行者独自出行时感觉更安全，所以选项C正确。

5．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“onhold”inParagraph6mean?

A．Delayed.　　　　　　　　B．Developed.

C．Suspected.D．Satisfied.

解析：

选A　词义猜测题。

根据画线词后的“becauseshe'sbusyteachingherselfartificialintelligencetohelpdealwithimproperwordsonFacebook”（因为她正在忙着自学人工智能技术，以帮助处理Facebook上的不当言论），同时结合画线词前一句“Medha'snotcertain”可推断出她暂时把应用程序开发的目标推迟了。

所以选项A正确。

6．WhatisMedha'sattitudetothechallenge?

A．Curious.B．Sensitive.

C．Uncertain.D．Optimistic.

解析：

选D　推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“Shewashalfkidding,butMedhatookthechallengeseriously.Soshewenttowork”可知，Medha认真地对待这个挑战，并开始设计。

这表明了她面对挑战的乐观态度。

7．What'sthemainideaofthetext?

A．MedharegisteredfortheAppChallenge.

B．MedhadesignedSafeTravelsuccessfully.

C．TheAppChallengedirectsstudentshowtochoosecareers.

D．Anappguideswalkershome.

解析：

选B　主旨大意题。

文章是围绕Medha设计手机应用程序SafeTravel展开的，讲述了她设计这一应用程序的起因、过程和由此获得的成就，最后一段引用Medha自己的话强调她面对研究的态度，所以选项B是最佳选项。

C

（2019·成都诊断）Beethovenfamouslycomposedseveralmasterpieceswhilehewasdeaf,butsurelyevenhewouldbeimpressedwiththispieceofresearch.

AgroupledbyBCIexpertGernotMüllerPutzshowsthatexperiencesofquiteadifferenttonecanbesoundedfromBCI.BasedonanestablishedBCImethodwhichmainlyenablesdisabledpeopletowrite,theteamhasdevelopedanewapplicationbywhichmusiccanbecomposedandtransferred（转录）ontoamusicalscore（乐谱）,justthroughthepowerofthought.Allyouneedisaspecialcapwhichmeasuresbrainwaves,theadaptedBCI,akindofsoftwareforcomposingmusic,andofcourseabitofmusicalknowledge.

ThebasicprincipleoftheBCImethodusedcanbebrieflydescribed:

variousoptions,suchaslettersornotes,pauses,chords,etc.flashbyoneaftertheotherinatable.Ifyou'vereceivedsometrainingandcanfocusonthedesiredoptionwhileitlightsuponascreeninfrontofyou,youcauseaminutechangeinyourbrainwaves.TheBCIrecognisesthischangeanddrawsconclusionsaboutthechosenoption.

18testpeoplehadto“think”melodiesontoamusicalscore.Alltestsubjectswereofsoundbodilyhealthduringthestudyandhadacertaindegreeofbasicmusicalandcompositionalknowledge.Followingusercentereddesignguidelines,researchersinvestigated（调查）theefficiency,theeffectivenessandthesubjectivecriteria.Thesubjectivecriteriaevaluationrevealedthatuserswerehighlysatisfiedwiththeapplication.“TheresultsoftheBCIcompositionscanreallybeheard.Andwhatismoreimportant:

thetestpeopleenjoyedit.TheverypositiveresultsofthestudywithbodilyhealthytestpeoplearethefirststepinapossibleexpansionoftheBCIcompositiontopatients，”stressesMüllerPutz.

“20yearsago,theideaofcomposingapieceofmusicusingthepowerofthemindwasunimaginable.Nowwecandoit,butwestillneedabitmoretimebeforeBCIismatureenoughfordailyapplications.”

语篇解读：

本文主要介绍了运用BCI谱曲的研究。

8．Whatdoweknowaboutthenewapplication?

A．Itconsistsoffourparts.

B．It'simpracticalfordailyuse.

C．It'sbasedonanewmethod.

D．It'shardforuserstohandle.

解析：

选B　细节理解题。

根据最后一段最后一句可推知，此项应用技术还不足以应用于日常生活中，故选B。

9．Whatshouldthetestsubjectsdoduringthetest?

A．Watchascreenattentively.

B．Listentothecomposedmelodies.

C．Makeoptionsbymovingtheireyes.

D．Recordtheirfeelingswhilecomposing.

解析：

选A　推理判断题。

根据第三段第二句“Ifyou'vereceivedsometrainingandcanfocusonthedesiredoptionwhileitlightsuponascreeninfrontofyou,youcauseaminutechangeinyourbrainwaves”可推知，参与测试的人在测试中应集中注意力看屏幕，故选A。

10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4referto?

A．Thetest.B．Themusicalscore.

C．Thestudy.D．TheBCIapplication.

解析：

选D　代词指代题。

根据第四段的整体内容可知，本段主要讲的是这种新的应用的测试及反馈，由此可推知，画线词it指代的是这种新的应用，故选D。

11．Whowillbenefitmostfromthenewapplication?

A．BCIexperts.B．Disabledmusicians.

C．Musicstudios.D．Learnersofmusic.

解析：

选B　推理判断题。

根据第一段，并结合全文内容可推知，本文所介绍的这种新的应用会使那些像贝多芬一样残疾的音乐人受益，故选B。

D

（2019·合肥质检）It'snoteverydaythatUnitedStateshistorymixeswithmicrobes（微生物）inthesoil.ButwhenthegrasslandontheNationalMallinWashington,D．C.wasreplaced,itofferedscientiststheopportunitytostudychangesinthesoilbeneath.

Theworkfocusedonthebacteriapresentinthesoil.Totheresearchers'surprise,thecommunitiesofmicrobesdidnotchangealotbeforeandafterthereplacement.Thesecommunitiesinthesoilareknownasthesoilmicrobiomes（微生物群）．

“Mylabisinterestedinhowmicrobescanmovearoundintheenvironment,andhowtheychangeandadaptasaresultofthismovement，”explainsJoAnneCrouch,theleadauthorofthestudy.“Wethoughtthatthenew‘imported’turf（草皮）fromNewJerseywouldintroducedifferentcommunitiesofbacteriatotheNationalMall.However,wefoundthattheyweren'tsignificantlydifferent.”

Crouch'sworkfocusedonturfgrass,definedasalargeareaofgreengrass.Itismadeupofthegrass,itsroots,andthesoilandmicrobesfoundwiththem.

Thinkofthesoilmicrobiomesassimilartothecollectionofmicrobesfoundinthehumanbody