第一讲 动词与时态中考英语语法知识归纳.docx
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第一讲动词与时态中考英语语法知识归纳
类别
意义
例句
实义动词
含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。
连系动词
本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语。
助动词
本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。
情态动词
本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。
情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。
第一讲英语语法(动词与时态)学生版
一、语法知识梳理
No.1动词及时态
动词的分类
★重要注解:
(1)关于实义动词:
(2)关于连系动词:
(3)关于助动词:
(4)关于情态动词:
NO.3八种时态的具体用法:
(1)一般现在时表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。
(2)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。
(3)一般将来时表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。
(4)现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。
(5)过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。
(6)现在完成时现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。
①
②
③
④口语中havegot往往表示
⑤havebeento与havegoneto的区别:
⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。
具体变化见下表:
瞬间性动词的完成时
→
延续性动词或状态动词的完成时
have
(already)
goneto…
have
for(twoyears)
has
cometo…
has
since(1990)
(had)
left…
(had)
arrived…
died
begun
ended
bought...
borrowed…
joined…
或者使用下面这个句型:
[注意]在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是:
瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。
如:
HowlongmayIkeepthebook?
(这本书我能借多久?
)(句子中keep取代了borrow)
(7)过去完成时过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。
简言之,过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。
(8)过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
(9)现在完成进行时:
二、语法练习
一、用所给词的适当形式填空:
1.He______swimmingintherivereverydayinsummer.(go)
2.It________youareright.(seem)
3.Look,thechildren______basketballontheplayground.(play)
4.He______totheradiowhenIcamein,(listen)
5.Itisverycold.Ithinkit______.(rain)
6.Ineedsomepaper.I______someforyou.(bring)
7.Icantfindmypen.Who______it?
(take)
8.Hesaidthathe______backinfiveminutes.(come)
9.Ididn’tmeethim.He______whenIgotthere.(leave)
10.I______mybike,soIhavetowalktoschool.(lose)
11.He______downandbegantoreadhisnewspaper.(sit)
12.Heisveryhungry.He_________anythingforthreedays.(noteat)
13.I______withyouifIhavetime.(go)
14.Wewillgotothecinemaifit______fine.(be)
15.Iwilltellherthenewswhenshe______toseemenextweek.(come)
16.When______you______thecar?
In1998.(buy)
17.We______goodfriendssincewemetatschool.(be)
18.What______you______atfiveyesterdayafternoon?
(do)
19.Thebikeisnice.Howmuch______it______?
(cost)
二、选择最佳答案填空
1.Wellgoswimmingiftheweather______finetomorrow.
A.isB.wasC.willbeD.isgoingtobe
2.It______fiveyearssincehehasleftforBeijing.
A.wasB.hasbeenC.isD.isgoingtobe
3.Pleasedon’tleavetheofficeuntilyourfriend______back.
A.cameB.comesC.havecomeD.willcome
4.Bytheendoflastyearhe______about1500Englishwords.
A.learnsB.learnedC.waslearningD.hadlearned
5.Listen!
Someone______inthenextroom.
A.criedB.cryingC.iscryingD.hascried
6.Youmusttellhimthenewsassoonasyou______him.
A.seeB.seesC.willseeD.isseeing
7.Hetoldmethathe______toseeusthenextday.
A.comesB.cameC.willcomeD.wouldcome
8.Wecan’tfindhimanywhere.Perhapshe______home.
A.isgoingB.wentC.hascomeD.wouldcome
9.Theteachertoldusthatthesun______biggerthantheearth.
A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe
10.Couldyoutellmewheretherailwaystation______?
A.wasB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe
11.We______totheGreatWallseveraltimes.
A.goB.weregoingC.havegoneD.havebeen
12.Itseemedthattheoldman______forsomethingoverthere.
A.looksB.lookedC.waslookingD.haslooked
13.Hewassurethathe______hiswalletintheoffice.
A.leftB.wouldleaveC.hadleftD.hasleft
14.Youmuststudyhardifyou______wanttofailtheexam.
A.wontB.don’tC.haven’tD.hadn’t
15.I’mafraidyoucan’tsithere.Sorry,I______know.
A.don’tB.wontC.cantD.didn’t
16.Asshe______thenewspaper,Granny______asleep.
A.read,wasfallingB.wasreadingfell
C.wasreading,wasfallingD.read,fell
17.Jimisnotcomingtonight.Buthe______!
A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised
18.What’shername?
I______.
A.forgetB.forgotC.hadforgottenD.amforgetting
三、动词时态能力综合测试
()1.Heoften______hisclothesonSundays.
A.washingB.washesC.haswashedD.wash
()2.ImChinese.Where______from?
A.doyoucomeB.youarecomingC.youcomeD.areyoucoming
()3.May______toschool.
A.neverwalksB.isneverwalkingC.walkneverD.neveriswalking
()4.Wewillstartassoonasourteacher______.
A.comesB.willcomeC.comeD.iscoming
()5.Howlongago______playingfootball?
A.haveyoustoppedB.hadyoustoppedC.didyoustopD.doyoustop
()6.It______hardwhenIleftmyhouse.
A.israiningB.rainsC.wasrainingD.willrain
()7.Ithinkthisquestion______toanswer.
A.easyB.iseasyC.waseasyD.willeasy
()8.Don’ttalksoloudly.Yourfather______.
A.sleepsB.issleepingC.sleptD.hadslept
()9.Howmanypeopledoesthedoctorknowwho______ofthedisease?
A.aredyingB.isdyingC.hasdiedD.dies
()10.I______myhomeworknow.
A.finishB.finishedC.havefinishedD.hadfinished
()11.He______forthreeyears.
A.hasjoinedB.hasbeeninthearmyC.joinedD.hasservedthearmy
()12.Hisgrandfather______forthirtyyears.
A.diedB.wasdeadC.hasbeendeadD.hasdied
()13.I______frommybrotherforalongtime.
A.nothaveheardB.havenotheardC.haveheardnotD.donothear
()14.Maths,oneofthemostimportantsubjects,______alwaysinterestedhim.
A.hasB.haveC.areD.is
()15.DidyourbrothergotoAmericalastyear?
______.
A.No,hedidnevergothereB.No,hehasnevergonehere
C.No,heneverwasthereD.No,hehasneverbeenthere
()16.He______thatfactorysince1958.
A.hasleftB.hasworkedinC.hasgonefromD.hascometo
()17.Ourteacher______toBeijingthreetimes.
A.wentB.hadgoneC.hasgoneD.hasbeen
()18.LastweekJohn______hisleg.
A.feltandbrokenB.fellandbrokeC.feelsandbreaksD.fallenandbroken
()19.Jack______histhickcoatbecauseitwassnowing.
A.putsonB.putonC.takesonD.tookon
()20.He______thepictureonthewall.
A.hangedB.hungC.hashangedD.washanged
()21.Nextmonth______twentyfive.
A.hasmysisterB.mysisterwillbe
C.mysistershallhaveD.mysisterisgoingtobe
()22.You______heragaininafewweeks.
A.willseeB.haveseenC.hadseenD.havebeenseen
()23.Bytheendoflasttermwe______Englishfortwoyears.
A.havestudiedB.havebeenstudiedC.wouldstudiedD.hadstudied
()24.MrsBrown______inNewYorkforthreeyearsbeforeshewenttoLondon.
A.livedB.hadlivedC.haslivedD.willlive
()25.Whenwearrived,thedinner______.
A.alreadybeganB.hasalreadybegunC.hadalreadybegunD.wasjustbegun
()26.IwillgohomefortheholidayassoonasI______myexams.
A.willfinishB.finishC.finishingD.finished
()27.When______,Illtalktohim.
A.doesPetercomeB.PeterwillcomeC.PetercomesD.canPetercome
()28.Mysister______toseeme.Shellbeheresoon.
A.comesB.iscomingC.hadcomeD.came
()29.Theysaidthey______ouranswerthenextday.
A.hadheardB.wouldhearofC.wouldhearD.willhear
()30.Theoldmansaidthatlight______fasterthansound.
A.wentB.willgoC.travelsD.willtravel
三、真题练习
1.Thistermover.Thesummervacationiscomingintwoweeks.
A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe
2.Iamistake.Pleasedon’tbeangrywithme.
A.makeB.madeC.willmakeD.hadmade
3.Mybrotherleftschoolin2005,andsincethenheinBeijing.
A.livesB.livedC.willliveD.haslived
4.Imyclothes,andthephonerang.
A.washB.washedC.amwashingD.waswashing
5.—WhereisPeter?
—Hevolleyballwithhisfriendsintheschoolgym.
A.plays B.played C.isplaying
6.He_____hisumbrellatomeyesterday.SoIdidn’tgetwet.
A.borrowedB.keptC.lentD.bought
7.I’msorryIleftthebookathome.I______itheretomorrow,Ipromise.
A.bringB.willbringC.broughtD.havebrought
8.—Whatareyoudoing,Simon?
--Ihavefinishedmyhomework,andnowI______thecomputergames.
A.playedB.wasplayingC.amplayingD.play
9.MybrothercamebackhomewhileI______homework.
A.amdoingB.weredoingC.wasdoing
10.—Didyouwatchthefootballmatchyesterday?
--Yes,Idid.Youknow,mybrother________inthematch.
A.isplayingB.wasplayingC.willplay
11.—WherearetheGreens,mayIask?
--Well,they______England.Theyhavebeentherefornearlyaweeknow.
A.havebeentoB.aregoingtoC.havegoneto
12.Amoment,please.I’mcheckingifMr.Smith______freetomorrow.
A.isB.beingC.tobeD.willbe
13.—Howwasyourdayoff?
Prettygood!
I______thesciencemuseumwithmyclassmates.
A.visitB.visitedC.amvisitingD.willvisit
14.There_______abigcakeandmanycandiesatthepartyyesterday.
A.wasB.wereC.isD.are
15.I_______thecharityshowonTVwhenthetelephonerang.
A.watchB.watchedC.amwatchingD.waswatching
16.Tom_______theUSA.He_______backintwomonths.
A.hasgoneto;comesB.hasgoneto;willbeC.hasbeento;comesD.hasbeento;willbe
17.TodayisFather’sDay.Mymother______aspecialdinnerformygrandpanow.
A.prepareB.preparedC.ispreparingD.willprepare
18.--Hello!
MayIspeaktoKate?
--Sor