山东省临沂实验学校高考英语模拟卷八.docx

山东省临沂实验学校高考英语模拟卷八.docx

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山东省临沂实验学校高考英语模拟卷八

山东省临沂实验学校2020年高考英语模拟卷（八）

（考试时间：

100分钟）

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

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回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

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第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

ThelatestdiettrendinAmericaisalsoanancienthumanactivity.Theactivityisfasting,ornoteatingfoodforasetamountoftime.

SocialmediaappsandFacebookgroupsareappearingforpeoplewhodo“intermittentfasting,”orfastingonapart-timebasis.Likeotherdiets,intermittentfastinghelpsyouloseweightbysettinglimitsoneating.Butinsteadoflimitingwhatyoueat,itlimitswhenyoueat.

MelissaBreauxBankstonisaCrossfitinstructorinNewOrleans,Louisiana.Shetriedintermittentfastingasawaytoreducehersnacking.“IwantedtolimittheamountoftimethatIwaseating,”shesaid.

However,fornow,limitedresearchsuggestsitmaynotbeanybetterforweightlossthanreducingcalorieintakeoverthelongterm.

“It’sreallyanotherwayoffoolingyourbodyintoeatinglesscalories,”saidKristaVarady,whostudiesintermittentfastingattheUniversityofIllinoisatChicago.

CourtneyPeterson,oftheUniversityofAlabamaatBirmingham,alsostudiesintermittentfasting.Shesuggestedthebenefitsofintermittentfastingarenotasgreatassomemightsuggest.“Unfortunately,intermittentfastinggetsalittlehyped,”shesaid.

Somehealthexpertssayintermittentfastingmightbetoodifficultformanypeople.Theypointtoastudyof100peoplewherethoseplacedinafastinggrouplostaboutthesameamountofweightasthoseondietsthatrestrictedcalories.Thefastinggrouphadadropoutrateof38percent,comparedwith29percentforthecaloric-restrictiondietgroup.

Butintermittentfastingmaybeeasierforpeoplewhoalreadyskipmealswhentheyaretoobusy,saidVarady.Peopleinterestedinintermittentfastingshouldtalktotheirdoctorbeforetryingit.Healthexpertsdonotrecommendintermittentfastingforchildren,peopleonsomemedicationsandpeoplewithahistoryofeatingdisorders.

1.Whatdointermittentfastingandotherdietshaveincommon?

A.Theylimitwhatyoueat.B.Theylimitwhenyoueat.

C.Theyhelppeopleloseweight.D.Theyareonapart-timebasis.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hyped”inparagraph6mean?

A.Ignored.B.Overstated.C.Welcomed.D.Rejected.

3.Whichstatementisrightaccordingtothepassage?

A.Intermittentfastingisveryeffective.

B.Intermittentfastingisdifficultforallpeople.

C.Peoplecantryintermittentfastingastheylike.

D.Allpeoplearenotadvisedtodointermittentfasting.

B

Itbeganasagame:

Highschoolandcollegestudentsstudyingcomputertechnologyfiguredouttheycouldusepersonalcomputerstobreakintotelephonecompanycomputersandmakefree,long-distancetelephonecalls.Theseyoungcomputertalentssoongainedthename"hackers".

Policearrestedafewhackers,butmanywentontoevenmorecomplexhacking.Oneofthemwasarrestedformakingillegaltelephonecallsandlaterheusedaphonetochangeapoliceofficer'screditrecordstogetbackattheofficerforarrestinghim.Healsousedacomputertochangehiscollegerecordstogivehimselfbettergrades.

Ashackersgainedexperience,theybeganinvadingcomputersatbanks,airlinesandotherbusinesses.Inonecaseahackerinstructedanairline'scomputertogivehimfreeairplanetickets.

TheU.S.governmentisworriedthathackersmaybreakintoitsnetworksofdefensecomputers.Thegovernment'ssecretsareeasilyattackedbecausethousandsofgovernmentcomputersareconnectedbytelephonelinesthathackerscangetinto.

InNovember1988,acollegestudententeredaU.S.DefenseDepartmentcomputernetworkcalledArpanet.ThehackerinjectedacomputerprogramthatmadecopiesofitselfthroughoutArpanet.Somehackersusevirusestodestroyallthedatainacomputer.Butinthiscase,governmentofficialsshutdownthenetworkbeforetheprogramreachedeverycomputerinthesystem.Shuttingdownthesystemangeredmanyresearcherswhowereusingthecomputers.Thehackerturnedhimselfintothepoliceandhewaschargedwithacrime.

TheincidentputthespotlightoncomputerhackingintheUnitedStates.Manycompanieshavehiredexpertstoprotecttheircomputersfromhackers,andmanycomputerexpertsnowadvisecompaniesonhowtoprotecttheircomputers.

TheU.S.governmentbelievesforeigngovernmentshavehiredhackerstotrytobreakintotop-secretdefensecomputers.

Expertsdisagreeoverwhetheracomputernetworkcaneverbesafefromhacking.Butinthefuture,someofthemostoutstandingmindsintheU.S.willbeworkingtofrustratetheattemptsofcomputerhackers.

4.Whatdidthefirsthackersdo?

A.Theybrokeintogovernmentcomputers.B.Theydestroyedairplaneticketsystems.C.Theyplayedcomputergames.D.Theymadefreephonecalls.

5.WhycanU.S.governmentcomputersbeeasilyhackedinto?

A.Theyhavenodefensesystems.B.Theyareconnectedbytelephonelines.

C.Theyarepartlyaccessibletothepublic.D.Theylackcomplexprocessingprograms.

6.WhathappenedtothegovernmentcomputersinNovember1988?

A.Theylostalloftheimportantdata.

B.Theywereshutdownbyresearchers.

C.Theywereinvadedbyacollegestudent.

D.Theygottotallyruinedbyacomputerprogram.

7.Whatdidcompaniesdecidetodotoprotecttheircomputersystems?

A.Employcomputertalents.B.Buildsecretdefensesystems.

C.Askthegovernmentforhelp.D.Collectandanalyzethedataofhackers.

C

Yourcolleague’ssharpcommentkeepsreplayinginyourmind.Twoofyourstudentsaretrappedina“hesaid/shesaid”battle.Whenyoureflectonyouremotionalreactions,yousometimesgetcaughtupincyclesofnegativefeelings,whichcanmakeyoufeelevenworse.Ifso,theanswermaylieinaskillcalled“self-distancing”，

theabilitytotakeastepbackandviewyourselfmoreobjectively.Accordingtoaresearch,whenpeopleadoptself-distancingwhilediscussingadifficultevent,theymakebettersenseoftheirreactions,experiencelessemotionalsuffering,anddisplayfewersignsofstress.

Butwhatmightself-distancinglooklikeinaction?

Consideratypical“hesaid/shesaid”studentconflictwheretheyareeachfocusingontheirownfeelings.Oneisthinking，“Ican’tbelievehedidthattome.”Andanotherinsists,

“Shereallyhurtmyfeelings.”However,ifyouaskthemtotaketheself-distancing,theymightstepoutsideofthemselvesandaskbroaderquestions:

“Whywashesohurtinthissituation?

”or“Howdidherangeraffecthim?

”Althoughthisapproachmaysoundtoosimpletobeeffective,studiesindicatethatachangeinpointofviewcanhaveapowerfuleffectonthewaypeoplethink,feel,andbehave.Hereareseveraldifferenttechniquesyoucantry.First，considerhowathoughtfulfriendmightrespondafterquietlyobservingtheirsituation.Besides,avoidusingthepronoun“I”.Focusonusingthird-personpronouns,he,she,they,andtheywereabletoseethestressfuleventaschallengingratherthanthreatening.Finally,askyourself,“HowwouldIfeelaboutthisoneweekfromnowortenyearsfromnow?

”Thisformofmentaltimetravelmaybeeffectivebecauseourattentionisdirectedawayfromourimmediate,concretecircumstances.

8.Whatisself-distancing?

A.Gettingstuckinnegativeemotions.B.Astressfulsituation.

C.Astudyonrelievingemotionalstress.D.Reflectingonyourselfobjectively.

9.Paragraph2isdevelopedby.

A.exampleB.definition

C.classificationD.process

10.Whichofthefollowingstatementusesthetechniquesofself-distancing?

A.I’mangrywithhim.

B.HowIwishIcouldgobacktothepast!

C.Howdidthesetwopeoplegettothispoint?

D.Hegrabbedmynotes,andthen,andthen...

11.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WhySelf-distancingMatters

B.TheApplicationofSelf-distancing

C.BreakingtheCycleofNegativeReflection

D.WaystoReflectonEmotionalReactions

D

Pangolins（穿山甲）arethemosttrafficked（非法交易）mammalsintheworldandarefacingextinction.Todrawattentiontothesescaly（有鳞片的）,anteater-likeanimals,anewwildlifedocumentary,EyeofthePangolin,isattemptingauniquewaytoinspireactionandconservation.Partneringwiththenon-profitorganizationPangolin.Africa,thedocumentarywasmadeavailableonYouTubeinMay2019.TheintentionistoreachcommunitieswherevertheInternetisavailable,especiallyAfricancommunities,wholiveneartheanimal’shabitats.

Overtwoyears,thedocumentarycrewtraveledtoSouthAfrica,Ghana,CentralAfricanRepublicandGaboninsearchofthefouruniquespeciesofpangolin,whichhasneverbeenachievedbefore.FilmmakersBruceYoungandJohanVermeulensaythattheywentintotheshootknowingrelativelylittleaboutpangolins,butgrewtorespectandappreciatetheanimals.Gettingclosetothecreaturesovertwoyearswasacrashcourseinthesesecretivecreatures.JohanVermeulensaid,"Onethinghoweverthatmightseemunimportantisthattheyareactuallyquitefussyeaters.Youwouldthinktheywouldeatanytypeofant,buttheyallpreferaspecifictypeant."

PangolinsarehuntedillegallyacrossAfricafortheirscales,whichareusedfortraditionalmedicine,andtheirmeat.InApril2019,Singaporeancustomsofficialsconductedtwoseparateseizuresof24tonsofpangolinscales,whichequalstothedeathof69,000pangolins.

Thoughthedocumentaryfocuseslessonthetraffickingofpangolins,andmoreontheanimalsintheirnaturalhabitat,

theaimofthedocumentaryistoinspireviewersaroundtheworldtocallforacti