国际商务英语总复习资料docx.docx

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国际商务英语总复习资料docx

InternationalBusinessEnglish

Lesson1

InternationalBusiness

BusinessKnowledge:

Themajordifferencesbetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusiness

A.Differencesinlegalsystems

B.Differencesincurrencies

C.Differencesinculturalbackground

D.Differentinnaturalandeconomicconditions

Themajortypesofinternationalbusiness

A.Trade

a.Commoditytrade

b.Servicetrade

B.Investment

a.Foreigndirectinvestment

b.Portfolioinvestment

C.Othertypes

a.Licensingandfranchising

b.Managementcontractandcontractmanufacturing

c.TurnkeyprojectandBOT

TradeTerms:

1.Customsarea关税区:

2.Conversion货币兑换

3.Visibletrade有形贸易:

Theformofcommoditytrade,i.c.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother,（includingcashtransaction-bymeansofmoneyandmarket,andcountertrade）

4.Invisibletrade无形贸易：

Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.

5.FDI夕卜国直接投资:

Foreigndirectinvestments.Returnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedinahostcountry・/P.256.Onecountryacquiresassetsinaforeigncountiyfor

thepurposeofcontrollingandmanaging（hem.

6.Portfolioinvestment证券投资：

Purchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling・

7.Stocks股票：

Capitalstocksorbonds.

&Bonds债券:

Thepapersissuedbyagovernmentorafirmwithpromisetopaybackthemoneylentorinvestedtogetherwithinterest.

9.Maturity（票据等）到期

10.Certificateofdeposit人额存单

11.Licensing许可经营：

Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry・Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.

12.Franchising特许经营：

Underfranchising,franchiseeisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,franchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty・

13.TradeMark商标

14.Patent专利

15.Royalty专利（许可）使用费,版税

16.Copyright版权

17.Licenser许可方

18.Licensee被许可方

19.Franchiser特许方：

Afirmwhoprovidesthefranchiseewithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty・

20.Franchisee被特许方：

Afirmisallowedtooperateinthenameofanothe匚

21.Managementcontract管理合同：

Underamanagementcontract,onecompanyoffersmanagerialorotherspecializedservicestoanotherwithinaparticularperiodforaflatpaymentorapercentageoftherelevantbusinessvolume・

22.Valuechain价值链

23.Turnkeyproject"交钥匙”工程：

Foraninternationalturnkeyproject,afirmsignsacontractwithaforeignpurchaserandundertakesallthedesigning,contractingandfacilityequippingbeforehandingitovertothelatteruponcompletion・

p4.[bOT建设、经营和移交:

Build,Operate,Transfer

25.Expertise专门知识

26.Bonus红利、奖金、津贴

27.Royalty许可使用费

2&Internationalinvestment国际投资：

Supplyingcapitalbyresidentsofonecountytoanother.

29.Contractmanufacturing承包生产

30.GATT关贸总协定：

GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade

31・Internationalbusiness国际商务：

Transactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries.Sometimesbusinessacrossthebordersofdifferentcustomsareasofthesamecountryisalsoregardedasimportandexport・

32.Intellectualproperty知识产权

33.Oildeposit:

石油储备=oilreserves

34.thereservesofnaturalresources自然资源储备

35.Personaladvancement个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。

Answerthefollowingquestions:

1.Whatdoesinternationalbusinessreferto?

Pleasetellthedifferencebetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusiness.

Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries.Sometimesbusinessacrossthebordersofdifferentcustomsareasofthesamecountryisalsoregardedasimportandexport・

Somemajordifferencesbetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusinessisfollowing:

（1）Differencesinlegalsystems

（2）Differencesincurrencies

（3）Differencesinculturalbackground

（4）Differentinnaturalandeconomicconditions

2.Pleaseexplainthedifferencesbetweenvisibletradeandinvisibletrade.Whichisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantandaccountsforanincreasingproportionininternationaltrade?

Visibletradeistheformofcommoditytrade・Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurancc,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries・The

laterisbecomemoreandmoreimportant.

3.Canyoucitesomeexamplestoillustrateculturaldifferencesininternationalbusiness?

Culturaldifferencesincludinglanguage,customs,traditions,religion,value,behavioretc.

4.Pleaseelaborateonthetwocategoriesofinternationalinvestment.Whatistheirmajordifference?

FDI（Foreigndirectinvestment）ismadeforreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedininahostcountry・Portfolioinvestmentreferstopurchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling・Suchfinancialassetsmaybestocks,bondsorcertificatesofdeposit・

5.Whatislicensing?

Whydofirmssometimeschooseitasameansofenteringaforeignmarket?

Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.Besides,theycanbenefitfromlocationaladvantagesofforeignoperationwithoutanyobligationsinownershipornlanagcment.Theuseoflicensingisparticularlyencouragedbyhighcustomsdutyandnon-tariffbarriersonthepartofthehostcountry.

6.Whatisfranchising?

Howisitdifferentfromlicensing?

Underfranchising,franchiseeisallowedtooperateinthenamcofanother,franchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.Incomparisonwiththerelationbetweenthelicenserandthelicensee,thefranchiserhasmorecontroloverandprovidesmoresupportforthefranchisee・

7.Whatisamanagementcontract?

Underwhatconditionsisitmostapplicable?

Underamanagementcontract,onecompanyoffersmanagerialorotherspecializedservicestoanotherwithinaparticularperiodforaflatpaymentorapercentageoftherelevantbusinessvolume・Whenagovernmentforbidsforeignownershipincertainindustriesitconsiderstobeofstrategicimportancebutlackstheexpertiseforoperation,managementcontractsmaybeapracticalchoiceenablingaforeigncompanytooperateintheindustrywithoutowningtheassets.

&Whatisaninternationalturnkeyproject?

InwhatwayisitsvariantBOTdifferentfromit?

Foranintcrnationalturnkeyproject,afirmsignsacontractwithaforeignpurchaserandundertakesallthedesigning,contractingandfacilityequippingbeforehandingitovertothelatteruponcompletion.ForaBOTproject,afirmoperatesafacilityforaperiodoftimeafterbuildingitupbeforefinallytransferringittoaforeigncompany.MakingprofitfromoperatingtheprojectforaperiodisthemajordifferencebetweenBOTandthecommonturnkeyproject

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:

1・国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。

Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries・Ilinvolvesmorefactorsandthusismorecomplicatedthandomesticbusiness・

2•随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。

因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。

Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,fewpeopleorcompaniescancompletelystayawayfrominternationalbusiness.Therefore,someknowledgeinthisrespectisnecessarybothforthebenefitofenterprisesandpersonaladvancement.

3•其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。

Otherformsforparticipatingininternationalbusinessaremanagementcontract,contractmanufacturingandturnkeyproject.

4•国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。

Internationalbusinessfirsttooktheformofcommoditytrade,i.e.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.

5•除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。

Besidestradeandinvestment,internationallicensingandfranchisingaresometimestakenasameansofenteringaforeignmarket・

Lesson2

IncomeLevelandtheWorldMarket

BusinessKnowledge:

（1）GNPandGDP

（2）PercapitaincomeandpercapitaGDP

（3）High-income,middleincomeandlow-incomecountries

A.Standardsforclassification

B.Representativecountries

（4）TriadandQuad

A.UnitedStates

B.WesternEurope

C.Japan

D.Canada

（5）OtherimportantmarketsforChina

TradeTerms:

1.GNP国民生产总值：

GrossnationalProduct.Themarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofancconomy.

2.GDP国内生产总值:

GrossDomesticProduct.Themarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithin（hegeographicareaofaneconomy.

3・Nationalincome国民收入

4.Percapitaincome人均收入

5.PercapitaGDP人均国内生产总值：

ItiscalculatedbydividingitstotalGDPbyitspopulation,whichrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers・

6.PPP购买力平价：

Purchasingpowerparity

7.Consumcrism消费主义

&Incomedistribution收入分布：

Theproportionsofitsrich,middleincomeandpoorpeople・

9.Infrastructure基础设施

1（）.Staplegoods人路货

11.Invoice（开）发票

13.OECD经合组织，经济合作与开发组织：

OrganizationforEconomicCooperationand

Development.

14.TheCommonwealthofIndependentStates独联体，独立国家联合体

15.ASEAN东盟，东南亚国家联盟：

AssociationofSoutheastAsianNationals.

16.NIEs（亚洲四小虎）：

NewlyIndustrializedEconomies

17.Factorsofproduction生产耍索

Answerthefollowingquestions:

LExplaintheconceptsofGNPandGDPrespectivelyandpointouttheirmajordifference.Canweusetheminterchangeabl

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